银杏叶提取物对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

【目的】研究银杏叶提取物（EGB）对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响。【方法】将160头25日龄的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每重复10头。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2、3、4组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加质量分数0.1%,0.2%和0.3% EGB的试验日粮。试验期为28 d,分别于第14和28天采集血样,测定断奶仔猪血清生化指标和抗氧化功能指标。【结果】与对照组相比,日粮中添加质量分数0.2%,0.3% EGB可显著降低断奶仔猪血清甘油三酯含量（P＜0.05）,显著提高血清球蛋白含量（P＜0.05）;添加质量分数0.1%,0.2% EGB,总体上可显著提高断奶仔猪血清总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性和总抗氧化能力（P＜0.05）,显著降低血清丙二醛和一氧化氮含量（P＜0.05）。另外,与对照组相比,日粮中添加EGB使断奶仔猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总蛋白含量呈增加趋势,血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量呈降低趋势。【结论】断奶仔猪日粮中添加质量分数0.2% EGB效果最佳,此时EGB可降低断奶仔猪血脂含量,提高血清球蛋白水平和抗氧化能力。     

烤烟不同品种、地点游离氨基酸含量变化初探

 对9个品种在3个不同海拔高度的烟叶进行游离氨基酸含量测定结果,烤烟品种间游离氨基酸含量差异较明显,且呈一定趋势变化。变化较大的是总游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸;较小的是蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和NH₃;甘氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸居中。含量最多的是谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、脯氨酸,占总量的59.4％～65.92%;酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸占13.61％～16.02%;缬氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸占10.65％～13.91%,蛋氨酸占的2.19％～3.77%;赖氨酸、亮氨酸、甘氨酸占3.82％～5.08%,组氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸仅占1.52％～2.45%. 多数游离氨基酸的含量随海拔的升高而增加。     

棉籽低聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡360只,雌雄各半,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%的棉籽低聚糖和0.1%氟哌酸,观察对肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：添加0.1%棉籽低聚糖和抗生素可显著提高肉仔鸡1～42 d增重（P〈0.01）,添加0.3%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高肉仔鸡1～21 d,1～42 d增重（P〈0.01）。添加0.1%,0.2%,0.3%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高23日龄肉仔鸡血浆总抗氧化能力（P〈0.05）。添加0.05%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡血浆总超氧化物岐化酶（T-SOD）的活力（P〈0.05）,显著降低血浆丙二醛（MDH）含量（P〈0.05）。添加0.2%棉籽低聚糖和抗生素的处理组可显著提高肉仔鸡42日龄血浆过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力（P〈0.01）。     

大鳞鲃幼鱼氨基酸需要量

选择体质量为（11.29±0.07） g的健康大鳞鲃,共分2个处理组（蛋白饲料组和无蛋白饲料组）,每个处理3个重复,每重复20尾鱼。根据试验前后鱼体氨基酸变化分别得到大鳞鲃日增加氨基酸和日维持氨基酸需要量,并根据两者之和得到氨基酸日需要量。结果表明：1）从大鳞鲃生长状况看,与蛋白饲料组相比,无蛋白饲料组鱼体末质量及特定生长率均显著降低（P＜0.05）。2）从体成分变化情况看,与蛋白饲料组相比,无蛋白饲料组鱼体水分含量显著升高（P＜0.05）。3）如大鳞鲃饲料蛋白水平为43%,饲料利用率为90%,日投饵率为3%,大鳞鲃氨基酸日需要量为（mg/100 g）：苯丙氨酸25.54,蛋氨酸15.80,精氨酸36.08,赖氨酸53.76,亮氨酸49.95,苏氨酸25.05,缬氨酸25.99,异亮氨酸25.33,组氨酸 19.94;大鳞鲃饲料中氨基酸含量为（g/100 g）：苯丙氨酸0.85,蛋氨酸0.53,精氨酸1.20,赖氨酸1.79,亮氨酸1.67,苏氨酸0.84,缬氨酸0.87,异亮氨酸0.84,组氨酸 0.66。     

中草药饲料添加剂对早期断奶仔猪血清抗氧化指标的影响

采用完全随机化设计,选用96头(8±2d)断奶的长白×约克夏仔猪,随机分为4个组,分别在基础日粮中添加浓度为0%、0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的中草药添加剂,试验期为21d,研究中草药添加剂对血清免疫指标的影响.结果表明:中草药对仔猪的抗氧化作用在断奶后7d效果最好,降低了血清羟自由基和丙二醛的含量,分别是添加量为0.2%中草药组和0.1%中草药组最低,比对照组分别降低16.4%(p＜0.05)和8.5%(p＜0.05);提高了血清总抗氧化能力,添加0.2%中草药组的总抗氧化能力显著的高于对照组,提高幅度为31.0%(p＜0.05).断奶后14d,添加0.1%中草药组对羟自由基和总抗氧化能力作用最显著,与对照组比,降低羟自由基9.5%、提高总抗氧化能力22.8%(p＜0.05).到断奶后21d,各处理组差异不显著(p＞0.05).添加剂在断奶仔猪饲料中的最适添加浓度为0.1%.     

区域性部分非常规饲料的氨基酸组成分析

对江苏省南京市周边地区代表性饲料原料与非常规饲料资源的氨基酸组成进行分析,结果表明,本地化饲料的氨基酸含量具有明显地域差异,如本地玉米中缬氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸含量明显低于全国平均水平,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸及苏氨酸含量略偏高。     

牛磺酸对泥鳅生长性能与抗氧化能力的影响

在基础日粮中分别添加0.0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的牛磺酸,并以此4种日粮饲养泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)8周,探讨了牛磺酸对泥鳅生长、饲料利用以及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,牛磺酸添加对摄食率无显著影响,对鱼体饲料系数与生长有不同程度改善,其中0.1%组与对照组相比有显著改善,随着添加量增大,改善效果下降;牛磺酸添加降低了生长变异系数,其中0.1%与0.2%组显著低于对照组。牛磺酸添加使泥鳅肝脏抗氧化性能得到改善,0.1%组的抗氧化能力最佳,随着添加量增加,抗氧化性能改善效果减弱。     

发酵白术对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化免疫指标的影响

试验将发酵白术作为添加剂以0.1%,0.2%,0.3%三个梯度添加于基础日粮中,与添加0.2%未发酵白术组,添加抗生素组以及基础日粮组对照,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能影响。结果表明,①生长性能：与对照组相比,日粮中添加发酵白术饲料添加剂能增强断奶仔猪食欲,提高断奶仔猪采食量和日增重,降低断奶仔猪腹泻率。与添加抗生素组相比,添加发酵白术组在采食量、日增重方面优于抗生素组。与添加未发酵白术组相比,添加发酵白术组断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率要优于未发酵白术组。②免疫功能：在试验前期（1~14 d）,0.2%发酵白术组能够显著提高断奶仔猪血清中IgA、IgG、IgM及总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量（P<0.05）,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）含量有下降趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。在试验全期（1~28 d）,0.2%发酵白术组IgA、IgG和IgM含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组和未发酵组,0.2%和0.3%发酵白术可以显著提高血清中总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量,0.2%发酵白术组可显著降低血清中尿素氮（BUN）及ALT含量,0.3%发酵白术组AST含量显著降低。综合试验各项指标,断奶仔猪饲粮中发酵白术最适宜添加量为0.2%。     

一些芒果品种的蛋白质,氨基酸和抗坏血酸含量

供试的九个芒果品种,蛋白质含量以0.98到3.27克/100克;抗坏血酸含量从14到57毫克/100克;游离氨基酸含量很不一致。所有供试品种都存在下列游离氨基酸:丙氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸和缬氨酸;都含有下列蛋白结合氨基酸:丙氨酸、天冬氨基、精氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氮酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸,果实中的成分,不因品种和种植条件的不同而出现明显的差异。     

白肋烟品种间游离氨基酸含量变化规律初探

 白肋烟品种间游离氨基酸含量差异较明显,且呈现一定规律。以组氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸品种间差异较大,酪氨酸、苏氨酸、NH₃及总游离氨基酸差异较小,蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸居中;含量最多的是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸占总量的44.38％～67.48％,丙氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸占12.99％～22.91%,苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丝氨酸占7.61％～10.21％,甘氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸占2.73％～5.18％,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸占2.73％～5.18％,蛋氨酸占2.39％～3.28%;它们中大多数均随叶位升高而增加,综合各相关游离氨基酸的正负效应,品种间的香吃味品质可能是TN90,TN86,KY908比KY907,KY8959要好。游离氨基酸含量是否也在一定程度上受遗传基因调控值得进一步研究。     

肉仔鸡胴体和羽毛蛋白的氨基酸组成模式

为了确立肉仔鸡胴体和羽毛蛋白的氨基酸组成模式,分别选用0,14,28,42日龄的Arbor Acres公母肉仔鸡各6只,颈骨错位致死后分离羽毛和胴体,将胴体和羽毛分别加工处理,测定其粗蛋白质及各种氨基酸含量,并将各种氨基酸含量表示为占粗蛋白质百分比的形式。结果表明,性别对肉仔鸡胴体和羽毛蛋白的氨基酸组成没有影响(P>0.05);除胴体蛋白中天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸和羽毛蛋白中天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸外,日龄对胴体和羽毛蛋白其他氨基酸组成模式均有显著影响(P<0.05),胴体蛋白中苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸和羽毛蛋白中苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸组成模式在14,28和42日龄间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。而胴体蛋白中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和羽毛蛋白中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸组成模式在不同日龄间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。综合考虑认为,以14,28和42日龄的平均值作为确立肉仔鸡胴体和羽毛蛋白氨基酸模式的依据。     

Side chain contributions to the stability of alpha-helical structure in peptides

Short peptides that contain significant alpha-helical structure in aqueous solution allow the investigation of the role of amino acid side chains in stabilizing or destabilizing alpha-helix structure. A host-guest system of soluble synthetic peptides was designed that consisted of chains with the block sequence TyrSerGlu4Lys4X3Glu4Lys4, denoted EXK, in which X represents any "guest" amino acid residue. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that the extent of helicity of these peptides follows the order Ala greater than Leu greater than Met greater than Gln greater than Ile greater than Val greater than Ser greater than Thr greater than Asn greater than Gly. This order differs from both host-guest copolymer values (Met greater than Ile greater than Leu greater than Ala greater than Gln greater than Val greater than Thr greater than Asn greater than Ser greater than Gly) and the tendencies of these amino acids to occur in helices in globular proteins (Ala greater than Met greater than Leu greater than Gln greater than Ile greater than Val greater than Asn, Thr greater than Ser greater than Gly), but matches the order found in a series of synthetic coiled-coil alpha helices, except for Ser. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of several EXK peptides indicates that these peptides are partially helical, with the helical residues favoring the amino terminus.     

禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群生产性能差异性研究

为了解禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群在生产性能上的差异,在对安徽省某地方品种鸡开展禽白血病和鸡白痢检测净化研究中,对获得的净化鸡群和非净化鸡群在死淘、产蛋、种蛋孵化以及后代生长性能等方面进行了观察比较。结果表明,净化鸡群及其后代的死淘率较非净化组有较大程度降低;6~11月龄间月均产蛋率较非净化组提高5.91个百分点;蛋重显著高于非净化组(P0.05),且料蛋比较非净化组低0.46个点;净化组鸡群种蛋在合格率、受精率、出雏率和键雏率指标上均高于非净化组;净化组后代3月龄内体重除1月龄母鸡体重外,其他均高于非净化组,其中2月龄母鸡体重差异显著(P0.05);与非净化组相比,净化组后代的平均日增重有所提高,3月龄总增重较非净化组增加24.80 g,料重比降低0.05。综上结果可见,鸡群经过禽白血病和鸡白痢净化后在生产性能上明显优于非净化鸡群,可显著提高养殖效益,开展种鸡群禽白血病和鸡白痢净化对提高养鸡经济效益意义重大。     

略阳乌鸡屠宰性能及肉质性状研究

以120日龄略阳乌鸡为研究对象,对其屠宰性能和肉质性状进行测定分析.结果表明:活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重等6项性状指标,公鸡优于母鸡、差异极显著;公鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、腿肌率分别为89.15％ 、82.40％、24.05％,显著高于母鸡,其他性状指标在性别间差异不显著;公、母鸡腿肌肉色OD值、pH值和剪切力均高于胸肌,系水力、熟肉率低于胸肌,差异均显著,各项指标性别间差异不显著;水分、粗脂肪含量腿肌高于胸肌,粗蛋白、粗灰分含量腿肌低于胸肌,差异均显著研究表明,公鸡、母鸡均具有较好的产肉性能、优良的肌肉品质,但屠宰性能方面公鸡优于母鸡.     

灰色关联分析硒镧复合作用下巴西蘑菇氨基酸含量与铅含量的关系

用灰色系统理论分析硒镧复合作用下巴西蘑菇子实体中17种氨基酸含量与重金属铅含量的关系。结果表明：在硒镧复合作用下,巴西蘑菇子实体氨基酸含量与铅含量的关联度顺序为：异亮氨酸〉赖氨酸〉缬草氨酸〉脯氨酸〉亮氨酸〉丝氨酸〉苯丙氨酸〉天门冬氨酸〉甘氨酸〉精氨酸〉丝氨酸〉组氨酸〉胱氨酸〉酪氨酸〉苏氨酸〉丙氨酸〉甲硫氨酸。其中,异亮氨酸含量与重金属铅含量关联度最大,为0．8148。关联度越大,相似程度就越高,说明硒镧复合作用下巴西蘑菇子实体中异亮氨酸含量与重金属铅含量的关系最为密切;其次是赖氨酸和缬氨酸。关联度最小的是甲硫氨酸。各处理的关联度及排序为：B4〉B0〉B3〉B1〉B2。其中,B4处理关联度最大,B2处理关联度最小。说明硒镧浓度对巴西蘑菇子实体铅含量与各氨基酸含量有一定效应。     

贵妃鸡体尺及屠宰性状的测定与相关分析

为研究贵妃鸡体尺及屠宰性状间的相关性,对13周龄贵妃鸡的体尺和屠宰性状进行了测定,并对测定指标进行分析.结果表明:贵妃公鸡所有的体尺指标均高于母鸡,除胸宽、髋骨宽差异不显著外,其余指标差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).贵妃母鸡翅膀质量、胸肌质量和腹脂质量高于贵妃公鸡,但未达到显著水平(P＞0.05);其余指标均是贵...     

陈皮对草鱼细胞免疫影响的研究

 在草鱼基础饵料中添加0.1%,0.2%,0.3%和0.4%陈皮,45 d后测定实验组和对照组的NBT（硝基蓝四氮唑）阳性细胞数平均分别为27.11,33.38,28.61,28.18和18.82,各试验组与对照组有非常显著差异（P<0.01）,白细胞吞噬百分数平均分别为57.59,63.04,65.53,71.30和52.31,0.2%组、0.3%组、0.4%组与对照组有非常显著差异（P<0.01）,0.1%组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,ANAE阳性细胞数平均分别为20.26,33.15,35.68,37.88和17.38,0.2%组、0.3%组、0.4%组与对照组有非常显著差异（P<0.01）,0.1%组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,表明陈皮作为饲料添加剂可非常明显提高草鱼的免疫功能,添加量以0.2%最佳。     

红霉素药渣作家禽蛋白质饲料的营养价值评价

用蛋白质自动定氮仪和Beckman-121MB型氨基酸分析仪测定红霉素药渣,粗蛋白质为18.38 %,10种必需氨基酸总含量为3.839 %,其中赖氨酸0.265 %、蛋+胱氨酸0.704 %、色氨酸0.347 %、苏氨酸0.213 %、亮氨酸0.690 %、缬氨酸0.343 %、异亮氨酸0.375 %、苯丙+酪氨酸0.400 %、组氨酸0.282 %、精氨酸0.220 %。真可利用蛋氨酸(0.53 %)与大豆饼(0.54 %)接近。以家禽理想蛋白质为模型计算必需氨基酸平衡指数(IEAA)是0.662～1.323,结合失衡度等指数的计算结果,证实红霉素药渣为家禽饲料的良好蛋白源。     

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolic Energy,Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy,Biological Value of Protein and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid of Yeast Hydrolysate for Broilers

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg ^-1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg ^-1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg ^-1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.