吉林省珲春地区羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查

为了解羊泰勒虫病在吉林省珲春地区流行情况,本试验应用PCR方法对珲春地区130份羊的血液样本进行了羊泰勒虫病的流行病学调查,并与血液涂片染色镜检法进行了比较。结果该地区羊泰勒虫病的PCR方法检测阳性率为29.23%,而血涂片染色镜检法的阳性率为15.38%。不同牧地,不同年龄和不同品种间的感染率则无显著差异。通过调查表明,吉林省珲春地区是羊泰勒虫病的流行地区。     

吉林省部分地区羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查及分类鉴定

为了解吉林省部分地区羊泰勒虫病的流行情况,试验采用PCR方法对采自吉林省部分地区羊血液样本235份进行羊泰勒虫检测,并对部分阳性样本进行测序分析,建立系统发育树。结果显示,羊泰勒虫阳性率为28.08%,为吕氏泰勒虫单独感染,没有检测到尤氏泰勒虫和绵羊泰勒虫感染。系统发育树分析表明,吉林省吕氏泰勒虫与青海分离株分布于同一分支,亲缘关系最近,与绵羊泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫亲缘关系较远。此次调查为吉林省羊泰勒虫病的综合防治提供了理论依据。     

延边地区牛卵形巴贝斯虫病的分子流行病学调查

为了解牛卵形巴贝斯虫病在吉林省延边地区流行情况,本试验应用PCR方法对珲春地区190份牛的血液样本进行牛巴贝斯虫病的分子流行病学调查,并与血液涂片染色镜检法进行了比较。结果该地区牛巴贝斯虫病的PCR方法检测阳性率为30.52%,而血涂片染色镜检法的阳性率为11.05%。不同地区和不同饲养方式间牛卵形巴贝斯虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。遗传进化分析显示,吉林省延边地区牛卵形巴贝斯虫与日本分离株处于同一分支,而区别于河南和韩国分离株。调查表明,吉林省延边地区是牛卵形巴贝斯虫病的流行地区。     

中国不同地区羊吕氏泰勒虫分子流行病学调查及遗传进化分析

为了解吕氏泰勒虫在中国不同地区山羊和绵羊中的流行情况,本研究应用基于吕氏泰勒虫18S rRNA基因位点的PCR检测方法,对采自中国河南、甘肃、陕西、山西、贵州、云南、新疆7个地区的281份羊血液样品进行检测,并对阳性样品测序以进行序列分析。结果显示,羊吕氏泰勒虫总感染率为35.23%(99/281)。不同采样点羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率差异极显著(P0.01),其中河南省羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率最高(98%,49/50),新疆最低(0)。绵羊和山羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率分别为51.67%(31/60)和30.77%(68/221),差异极显著(P0.01);放牧羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率(41.55%,86/207)极显著高于舍饲羊(17.57%,13/74)(P0.01);羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率在春、夏、秋及冬四季分别为56.00%(28/50)、42.75%(59/138)、9.43%(5/53)和17.50%(7/40),差异极显著(P0.01);≥12月龄和12月龄羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率分别为33.50%(67/200)和39.51%(32/81),差异不显著(P0.05)。此外,遗传进化分析表明,本研究获得的羊吕氏泰勒虫分离株与中国流行的吕氏泰勒虫分离株同源性高达99.60%以上,且位于同一分支上。本研究为进一步了解中国不同地区羊吕氏泰勒虫的流行现状及分布提供了重要参考依据。     

吉林省部分地区蜱和羊携带羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体分子流行病学调查

为调查吉林省部分地区蜱虫和羊体内羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体的流行情况，本试验采用PCR方法对采自吉林省5个地区的340份羊血液样本和841份蜱虫样本进行检测，并对部分阳性样本测序，建立系统发育树。结果显示，蜱虫中羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体阳性率分别为4.64%(39/841)和7.13%(60/841);羊血液样本中羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体阳性率分别17.06%(58/340)和10.00%(34/340),混合感染率为3.24%(11/340)。蜱虫和羊血液样本中感染的羊泰勒虫为吕氏泰勒虫单独感染，未检测到尤氏泰勒虫和绵羊泰勒虫。系统发育树分析显示，蜱虫和羊血液样本中检测到的泰勒虫与吕氏泰勒虫处于同一分支，与吕氏泰勒虫河南株亲缘关系较近，与尤氏泰勒虫、绵羊泰勒虫亲缘关系较远；蜱虫和羊血液样本中检测到的嗜吞噬细胞无浆体与韩国株、俄罗斯株处于同一分支，亲缘关系较近。结果表明，吉林省羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体感染普遍存在。本调查结果为吉林省羊泰勒虫病和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体病的综合防治提供了理论依据。     

中国不同地区羊吕氏泰勒虫分子流行病学调查及遗传进化分析

为了解吕氏泰勒虫在中国不同地区山羊和绵羊中的流行情况,本研究应用基于吕氏泰勒虫18S rRNA基因位点的PCR检测方法,对采自中国河南、甘肃、陕西、山西、贵州、云南、新疆7个地区的281份羊血液样品进行检测,并对阳性样品测序以进行序列分析。结果显示,羊吕氏泰勒虫总感染率为35.23%（99/281）。不同采样点羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率差异极显著（P<0.01）,其中河南省羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率最高（98%,49/50）,新疆最低（0）。绵羊和山羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率分别为51.67%（31/60）和30.77%（68/221）,差异极显著（P<0.01）;放牧羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率（41.55%,86/207）极显著高于舍饲羊（17.57%,13/74）（P<0.01）;羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率在春、夏、秋及冬四季分别为56.00%（28/50）、42.75%（59/138）、9.43%（5/53）和17.50%（7/40）,差异极显著（P<0.01）;≥ 12月龄和<12月龄羊吕氏泰勒虫感染率分别为33.50%（67/200）和39.51%（32/81）,差异不显著（P>0.05）。此外,遗传进化分析表明,本研究获得的羊吕氏泰勒虫分离株与中国流行的吕氏泰勒虫分离株同源性高达99.60%以上,且位于同一分支上。本研究为进一步了解中国不同地区羊吕氏泰勒虫的流行现状及分布提供了重要参考依据。     

甘肃省部分地区羔羊死亡病原调查

为了进一步了解临潭县、永靖县、华池县、榆中县等地区羊泰勒虫病病原感染情况,对这4个地区的病羊开展了血液涂片染色镜检和羊泰勒虫PCR检测。结果表明:永靖县、榆中县、临潭县的羊泰勒虫病是吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫的混合感染,而华池县羊泰勒虫病是单一的尤氏泰勒虫感染,证实了临床怀疑诊断。     

山东省媒介蜱类种类鉴定及羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查

为了阐明山东省蜱类种类及羊泰勒虫病流行概况,于2012年3月-2013年11月采用形态学鉴定法鉴定收集的14 878只蜱类标本;采用梨形虫、泰勒科通用引物及种属特异性引物对617份羊血液样品进行PCR检测,并对阳性样品18SrRNA基因进行遗传进化分析;分析不同月份蜱类活动频率及羊泰勒虫感染率。结果显示山东省长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)和草原革蜱(Dermacentor nuttalli)所占比例分别为75.3%和24.7%,统计学分析显示长角血蜱显著多于草原革蜱(P0.05),为山东省优势蜱种。PCR检测结果显示山东省羊泰勒虫感染率为24.8%;其中吕氏泰勒虫感染率为12.0%、尤氏泰勒虫感染率为11.8%,混和感染率为5.3%,没有检测到绵阳泰勒虫感染,统计学分析显示吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫在羊群的感染率无统计学差异(P0.05),吕氏泰勒虫与尤氏泰勒虫单虫种感染率显著高于混合感染率(P0.05)。遗传进化分析显示山东省吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫与北京分离株分布于同一分支,而区别于西北地区和南方地区分离株,呈现区域聚集性;不同月份蜱类活动频率与羊泰勒虫感染率呈现季节相关性。上述结果表明山东省优势媒介蜱种为长角血蜱,羊泰勒虫感染虫种为吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫,感染率较高,且与媒介蜱类存在相关性,为山东省羊泰勒虫病防控提供科学实验依据。     

陕西麟游县山羊吕氏泰勒虫感染调查及其遗传进化分析

为了解陕西麟游县山羊吕氏泰勒虫感染情况,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对采自陕西麟游的209份山羊血液样品进行吕氏泰勒虫18S小亚基核糖体核糖核酸基因扩增,并对部分阳性样品进行遗传进化分析。调查显示,吕氏泰勒虫总感染率为61.2%(128/209);不同饲养方式、不同年龄、不同季节山羊的吕氏泰勒虫感染率均差异性显著(P0.05,P0.05,P0.05)。遗传进化分析表明,研究获得的泰勒虫分离株与吕氏泰勒虫(GenBank登录号:LC326009)位于同一分支上。该调查结果丰富了我国吕氏泰勒虫流行病学资料,并为该地区及同类地区羊泰勒虫病的防控提供科学依据。     

吉林省部分地区马梨形虫病的流行病学调查

为了解吉林省部分地区马梨形虫病流行情况,以血液涂片染色镜检虫体的方法对吉林、延边、通化3个地区的130匹马进行了马梨形虫病的流行病学调查。结果表明,以上3个地区马梨形虫感染率分别为12.50%,26.09%,9.09%,其中以延边地区流行较为严重;3个地区流行的马梨形虫均以马巴贝斯虫为主。通过调查,吉林省是马梨形虫病的流行地区。     

套式PCR扩增山羊吕氏泰勒虫18S rRNA基因

泰勒虫是一种危害动物的重要血液寄生性原虫,常寄生于牛、羊、骆驼和其他野生动物,在中国的东北、西北等地较为流行。采集安徽定远县某山羊场疑似焦虫病的山羊血样,首先采用血涂片法检查,再用Blood DNA&Tissue kit提取血液基因组,参照Kim和Wei的方法设计2对引物用于泰勒虫18S rRNA基因的扩增,并对该方法进行敏感性和特异性分析。结果显示:血涂片检查明显可见红细胞内有典型的虫体,大小为0.6~2μm,初步怀疑为泰勒虫(Theileria);PCR扩增可扩增出359 bp大小目的片段,与预期结果相一致;基因序列同源性表明,该泰勒虫分离株基因与已报道泰勒虫毒株(JQ926740.1)核苷酸同源性最高,可达99.72%;在遗传进化方面,所分离的泰勒虫和吕氏泰勒虫(Theileria luwenshuni)Nanjingdong(JQ926740.1)最接近,而且在一个分支上。本试验所建立的套式PCR具有良好的特异性,且敏感性较高,最低测出量是3.8 fg/μL。本次分离的羊血液原虫为吕氏泰勒虫。     

Molecular epidemiological survey of benign Theileria parasites of cattle in Japan: detection of a new type of major piroplasm surface protein gene

Benign Theileria species of cattle are found in most parts of the world. The major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP), a conserved protein in all Theileria species, has been used as a maker for epidemiological and phylogenetical studies of benign Theileria species. Parasites with Ikeda- or Chitose-type MPSP genes are dominant in Japan, but we report here mixed infection cases of Theileria parasites with an additional MPSP type parasite infecting cattle in Abashiri District, Hokkaido. The MPSP gene sequence found in the additional type was closely related to MPSP genes of Theileria parasites found in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand (Narathiwat) and Indonesia (Java). Theileria parasites from the blood sample were also distinguishable from the Ikeda or Chitose type parasites by the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis, and they are grouped into the SSU rRNA types C/D found in Korea, North America, and Spain. The present finding of mixed infections of cattle with three different types of Theileria makes epidemiological feature of bovine theileriosis in Japan more complex. We have designed a set of primers specific to this MPSP type in order to conduct further epidemiological study.     

Epidemiological survey of Theileria parasite infection of cattle in Northeast China by allele-specific PCR

An epidemiological survey on a Theileria parasite infection of cattle in Northeast China was carried out using allele-specific PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. The results showed that 14 of 104 blood samples were positive for Theileria by PCR. Among the positive cases, co-infection with various combinations of C- and I-type parasites was detected in 12 samples; no B- and Thai-type parasites were detected by allele-specific PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the MPSP gene sequences revealed that Theileria parasites with the MPSP types 1, 2, and 4 were distributed in Northeast China.     

Prevalence of Theileria infections in goats and sheep in southeastern China

Theileriosis is an important tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease, which can cause severe economic loss in animal husbandry. In this paper, one hundred peripheral blood samples of goats and sheep from southeastern China were examined for the Theileria infection. A region of Theileria 18S rRNA gene was amplified by nested PCR in 26 samples. All the nested PCR amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Alignment analysis has shown that these sequences are highly homologus to each other with identities from 99.2% to 100%. Blast the sequences against NCBI database indicated 99% homology with Theileria sp. China 1 (Theileria luwenshuni). Phylogenetic tree has also shown that the newly identified Theileria are in the same clade with T. luwenshuni. The results have revealed a relatively high prevalence of Theileria in some areas of southeastern China and little genetic diversity in these infections.     

Genetic diversity of major piroplasm surface protein genes and their allelic variants of Theileria parasites in Thai cattle.

Twenty-eight field isolated Theileria parasite DNAs obtained from dairy and beef cattle in distinct geographical areas of Thailand were characterized by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with six sets of oligonucleotide primers. Three sets of them were modified from two genes of immunodominant major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) coding for 32 kDa (p32) of T. sergenti and 33/34 kDa (p33/34) of T. buffeli, and MPSP of Theileria spp.(Thai-isolate). The other three sets of primers were basically generated from three alleles of MPSP which were specific for Japanese T. sergenti-Ikeda stock (I-type), Japanese T. sergenti-Chitose stock (C-type) and Australian T. buffeli-Warwick stock (B1-type), respectively. The results indicated that 14 out of 28 isolates were amplified by the Thai-specific primer whereas 6 isolates were amplified by the p32 specific primer and the other 5 isolates were amplified by the p32 and Thai-specific primers. In addition, by using the allele-specific PCR, 14 out of 28 isolates contained C-type MPSP whereas 3 isolates contained B1 type parasites. Interestingly, 20 out of 28 isolates could be amplified by the Thai-specific primer. The majority of Theileria parasites distributed in Thailand contained Thai type parasites, whereas C-type parasites showed the mixed population with B1 and Thai type parasites. No I type parasite was detected.     

Genetic diversity of benign Theileria parasites of cattle in the Okinawa Prefecture

Benign Theileria parasites of cattle distributed in the Okinawa prefecture were characterized by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. Using universal or allele-specific primer sets, parasite DNA was amplified in 31 out of 48 blood samples obtained from beef cattle. Among the positive cases, mixed infections involving various combinations of I-, C-, and B-type parasites were detected in 24 (77.4%) samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the MPSP gene sequences revealed that parasites with the MPSP types 1-5 and 7, exist within the Okinawa prefecture.     

广州及其周边地区马梨形虫病血清流行病学调查

为广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区建设的顺利进行和了解周边地区马属动物马梨形虫病的存在情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和涂片镜检的方法对广州、东莞和深圳的马属动物进行了马梨形虫病(马巴贝斯虫和驽巴贝斯虫两种虫体)的流行病学调查。结果表明,上述三个地区的马属动物均存在不同程度的马梨形虫病两种虫体的抗体,且出现同一个马场和在同一匹马同时存在两种虫体抗体的情况。对所有抗体阳性马匹进行涂片镜检未发现虫体,也未发现有马梨形虫病临床症状的马属动物。     

Molecular detection of Theileria sp. in ticks and naturally infected sheep

Seven healthy sheep and 10 sheep diagnosed with piroplasmosis based on clinical signs were tested for the presence of babesiae and theileriae. Using the molecular techniques, two species of theileriae were detected and characterized. Theileria ovis was present mostly in healthy sheep and in Rhipicephalus ticks collected from infected sheep. Theileria sp. OT3 parasite was detected mostly in ill animals which represent additional evidence to the possible pathogenic nature of Theileria sp. OT3. The presence of babesiae in sheep or in ticks was not determined. The results of this study showed that ovine piroplasmosis due to Theileria is present in Southern Croatia. It was concluded that clinical diagnosis of ovine piroplasmosis should be confirmed by molecular analysis in order to identify the species of piroplasm, to select the appropriate treatment and to exclude the threat for public health.