水貂循环免疫复合物检测方法的建立及应用

本试验建立了检测水貂循环免疫复合物(CIC)的微量PEG沉淀比浊法和固相C_(1q)—SPA—ELISA.用这两种方法检测了38例健康水貂血清、126例阿留申病(AD)病貂血清.微量PEG沉淀比浊法的结果(OD值,(?)±S)为:健康水貂0.081±0.042,AD病貂0.198±0.066;固相C_(1q)—SPA—ELISA的结果(OD值,(?)±S)为:健康水貂0.245±0.057,AD病貂0.503±0.167,敏感性为0.25μg/mL.经统计学处理,健康水貂与AD病貂血清OD值之间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),表明水貂阿留申病的病理过程与CTC有关.建立的两种方法均具有快速、简便、重复性好和敏感性高等特点,两种方法的相关性显著.     

猪血清C_(1q)的提取及其抗血清制备

C_(1q)是补体经典途径中的第一成分的亚成分之一.制备特异性抗C_(1q)血清将有助于临床上多种疾病(如免疫复合物性疾病及自身免疫病等)的诊断和研究.C_(1q)本身也可用放射性同位素或酶标记后用于循环免疫复合物等的检测.因此,C_(1q)的纯化和抗血清制备在临床上具有一定意义.C_(1q)的纯化方法很多,常用的有DNA法、ED-TA法、层析法和亲和层析法,但各有优缺点.本实验将有关方法进行了改进,     

鸡红细胞免疫功能研究 I.鸡红细胞C_(3b)受体测定

建立了用C_(3b)致敏酵母检测鸡红细胞C_(3b)受体的E—C_(3b)R花环试验,以及用C_(3b)未致敏酵母检测鸡红细胞表面免疫复合物的E—IC花环试验.经检测,Avian(45例)、AA(282例)、罗丝(141例)和星杂579(58例)4个品种鸡的E—C_(3b)R花环率/E—IC花环率分别为19.4±4.4%/5.2±3.2%,15.4±3.1%/3.2±2.8%,9.7±3.2%/4.6±2.0%和9.4±2.3%/3.9±1.5%.本实验结果表明,鸡红细胞上存在C_(3b)受体,该受体对不同动物来源的补体有不同的亲和性,其免疫粘附具有较强的pH值依赖性.     

水貂阿留申病免疫效果判定方法的确立及应用

用三种不同的生物制剂免疫阿留申病抗体阴性水貂,接种后如果循环免疫复合物含量较低(PEG沉淀法的OD值为0.09以下)可以获得一定的免疫力,抗体效价的高低不能决定其是否免疫; ANAE~+细胞百分率对判断阿留申病免疫确实或失败具有重要参考价值.     

检测马传贫病毒跨膜蛋白主要免疫决定区抗体间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

本试验以纯化的重组马传贫病毒跨膜蛋白主要免疫决定区蛋白作为诊断抗原建立了间接ELISA诊断方法，确定其最佳工作条件为每孔包被重组抗原2仙g，兔抗马IgG酶标抗体以1：4000，血清以1：40倍稀释，底物作用时间为10 min；判定标准为P／N值大于2，且OD值大于0．2的血清为阳性，否则判为阴性。本试验所建立的诊断方法与琼扩试验以及以琼扩抗原作为包被抗原的ELISA试验进行了比较，表明该诊断方法敏感性更高。特异性和重复性试验表明该诊断方法具有良好的特异性和重复性。通过对4匹马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗免疫马血清抗体的检测，发现均在接种2周后可产生抗马传贫病毒跨膜蛋白主要免疫决定区相应抗体。此抗体一直持续存在到本试验检测的免疫后17个月，且效价较高。，用此方法检测203份马血清样品，其中161份呈抗体阳性，还检测了马传贫自然感染马血清93份，结果全部为阳性。     

应用生物素——亲和素系统检测弓形虫感染家兔的特异性循环免疫复合物实验研究

循环免疫复合物(CIC)的检测对某些疾病的诊断和临床监护提供了新的可能。CIC的检测方法虽很多,但大多属于抗原非特异性方法,对CIC的抗原可以识别鉴定的方法尚少。我们应用生物素—亲和素系统的ABC法以抗弓形虫单克隆抗体(McAb)检测人工感染弓形虫家兔血清的CIC(ABC-ELISA),同时与McAb ELISA(常规)及非特异性PEG沉淀试验为对照进行比较试验,探讨ABC-ELISA检测弓形虫特异性     

马传贫弱毒疫苗免疫马与自然病马沉淀及补反抗体耐热性差异的探讨

本试验测定了马传贫弱毒疫苗免疫马与传贫病马琼脂扩散沉淀抗体(沉淀抗体)及补体结合反应抗体(补反抗体)活性的耐热曲线。证明免疫马的抗体较传贫病马的耐热性差。64℃水浴15分钟后,免疫马血清沉淀抗体完全丧失反应活性,而传贫病马血清一般多能保持阳性反应。用65℃水浴15分钟处理琼扩阳性反应血清,结果传贫病马血清142份中的128份仍为琼扩阳性,传贫病马注苗后的血清5份均呈琼扩阳性;免疫马血清37份则全部转为阴性反应。65℃水浴15分钟后,免疫马血清补反抗体完全丧失反应活性,而传贫病马血清仍可呈阳性反应。用65℃水浴15分钟处理补反阳性血清,结果传贫病马血清40份、强毒接种马血清2份的补反仍保持阳性;免疫马血清42份则均转为阴性。     

用ELISA测定炭疽保护性抗原免疫家兔的抗体水平

用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定炭疽保护性抗原免疫的家兔的抗体水平,敏感性和特异性高,重复性好。被免疫兔血清OD值与相应的动物对强毒炭疽杆菌攻击的耐受力呈正相关(r=0.89)。OD值为0.25时,保护率为44.4%;OD值为0.4时,保护率83%;OD值为0.9时,保护率达90%。试验还证明,用保护性抗原油乳剂苗和铝胶苗一次免疫注射,油乳剂苗免疫家兔血清OD值平均数为0.739,而铝胶苗免疫的血清OD值均数为0.221,两者的差异非常显著(p≤0.001)。     

藏羊红细胞免疫功能的初步研究

采用酵母菌花环试验检测了78只藏羊红细胞膜上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物。试验结果表明:藏羊红细胞膜上具有C_(3b)受体,其红细胞膜上C_(3b)受体花环率为2.10±1.09％。且藏羊红细胞还可粘附免疫复合物,其红细胞膜上免疫复合物花环率为2.79±1.78％。说明藏羊红细胞不仅具有携氧、调节酸碱平衡等作用,而且具有免疫功能。     

应用单克隆抗体对马传贫弱毒疫苗接种马血清中相应抗原的检测

应用马传贫驴白细胞弱毒株系特异单克隆抗体酶结合物的免疫斑点试验检测证明，自28份马传贫弱毒疫苗免疫马血清中均检出与单抗呈阳性反应的相应抗原，持续期达51个月以上，自19份人工感染传贫马、自然感染传贫马、弱毒疫苗免疫后攻毒马及42份健康马血清中均未检出单抗原，病理学检查表明，弱毒疫苗免疫马无马传贫病理学改变，以弱毒免疫马肝、脾、骨髓材料进行生物学试验表明，弱毒免疫马体内不存在致病性病毒，这阐明该弱毒疫苗的免疫本质提出一个非常值得今后深入加以探讨的课题。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.