谷朊粉的风味蛋白酶水解工艺研究

开发谷朊粉水解蛋白饲料有着重要的营养学价值和经济意义。试验选用风味蛋白酶水解谷朊粉,在单因素的基础上做5因素3水平正交试验,5因素分别为温度、时间、pH、底物浓度（固液比）和酶浓度（酶与底物的比值）。用甲醛滴定法测定其水解度,试验结果表明,风味蛋白酶最佳反应条件为酶浓度[E]1.5%,底物浓度[S]2%,pH6.5,温度55℃,时间8h,水解度18.26%。     

双酶法制备饲料级小麦低聚肽的工艺研究

试验旨在研究使用双酶法制备饲料级小麦低聚肽。试验对比了食品级与饲料级蛋白酶水解谷朊粉的多肽含量，筛选出最佳的复合酶种类；在单因素试验基础上，利用正交试验优化酶解条件并测定可溶性小肽含量。结果显示，酶解工艺条件为谷朊粉添加量12%、pH值7.0、中性蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶各添加3%、水解5 h。在此条件下，可溶性小肽含量84.34%。使用高效液相色谱测定其重均分子量为764 Da，分子量小于1 000 Da的小麦低聚肽占比87.19%。研究表明，使用饲料级蛋白酶酶解谷朊粉，小麦低聚肽含量显著提高，并降低成本，具有作为功能性饲料添加剂应用的潜力。     

谷朊粉的胰蛋白酶水解工艺研究

选用胰蛋白酶水解谷朊粉,用甲醛滴定法测定其水解度。在对温度、时间、pH值、底物浓度(固液比)和酶浓度(酶与底物的比值)等单因素试验的基础上做4因素3水平正交试验。试验结果表明:胰蛋白酶水解谷朊粉的最佳条件为温度40℃、时间4h、pH值8.5、底物浓度(固液比)1.5%、酶浓度8%(酶与底物的比值),得到的水解度为15.34%。     

水牛乳抗氧化活性肽制备中蛋白酶的选择

本研究采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、动物复合蛋白酶、植物复合蛋白酶、Protamex 蛋白酶对水牛乳蛋白进行酶解试验,以水解度、DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,筛选适合水牛乳蛋白活性肽制备的最佳蛋白酶.结果表明,采用碱性蛋白酶酶解水牛乳蛋白的水解度及DPPH自由基清除率为最高,分别为24.30％和66.63％.     

酶解法提取肠膜肽工艺条件的优化

试验以肝素加工废水为原料,利用水解蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶及水解-风味复合酶提取肠膜肽,以水解度表征其反应程度。研究表明,风味-水解复合酶组效果最优,最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃、pH值5.0、酶总浓度3%、风味蛋白酶:水解蛋白酶为1:1、酶解时间2h。在此条件下水解度为17.45%。     

酶解谷朊粉对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

为了探究酶解谷朊粉对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响,本试验选用108只肉鸡,随机分为对照组、谷朊粉组和酶解组3个处理组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂全价基础日粮,谷朊粉组饲喂添有1.2%谷朊粉的日粮,酶解组饲喂添有1.2%谷朊粉酶解液的日粮。结果表明,日粮中添加谷朊粉酶解物后,在21日龄时,酶解组肉仔鸡的胸腺、法氏囊指数较对照组均有显著提高（P〈0.05）,42日龄时,各处理组肉仔鸡的胸腺、法氏囊指数差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,而在脾脏指数方面,无论是21日龄还是42日龄,添加酶解谷朊粉组脾脏指数均呈升高趋势（P〉0.05）。对于整个试验期,胸腺、法氏囊的发育有不同程度的促进作用,其中对早期免疫器官的发育具有显著的改善作用。在肉仔鸡整个生长阶段,日粮中添加谷氨酰胺可提高新城疫HI滴度,还可促进肉鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的分裂增殖,其中以42日龄时酶解组提高最为显著。     

大豆虾粉肽适宜酶解好条件的研究

为了筛选生产大豆虾粉肽的适宜蛋白酶及酶解条件,试验采用单因素试验设计,以水解度为检测指标,按酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、酶解温度和酶解时间逐一分别对3种微生物发酵产生的酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解脱皮豆粕和虾粉混合蛋白的适宜酶解条件进行筛选.试验结果表明:酶解体系中的酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、酶解温度和酶解时间均显著影响3种蛋白酶对脱皮豆粕和虾粉混合蛋白的酶解效果.在3种蛋白酶中,酸性蛋白酶的酶解效果最好,其次是碱性蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶的酶解效果最差.酸性蛋白酶水解脱皮豆粕和虾粉混合蛋白的适宜条件为:酶浓度为2000 U/g,底物浓度为9%,pH值3.5,酶解时间为3.5 h,温度50℃.     

谷朊粉酶解物对蛋雏鸡生长性能及肠道发育的影响

试验旨在研究谷朊粉酶解物对蛋雏鸡生长性能和肠道发育的影响。选用240只京白939蛋雏鸡进行42 d的饲养试验。将其随机分为4组,每组4个重复,各处理组日粮的营养水平相同。A组为饲喂基础日粮的对照组,B、C和D组则分别添加0.8%、1.2%和1.6%的谷朊粉酶解物以替代对照组中等量的鱼粉。结果表明:1.2%谷朊粉酶解物替代组能够提高蛋雏鸡生长速度和消化道质量指数,其中饲养前期料肉比最低,差异显著(P0.05)。     

谷朊粉酶解物对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

为研究谷朊粉酶解物对AA肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,本试验选取1日龄健康白羽肉鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只,试验期为42 d,分两个阶段饲养(1~21 d和22~42 d)。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别以0.8%、1.2%、1.6%小麦谷朊粉酶解物替代对照组中等量的鱼粉。结果表明,在日粮中添加谷朊粉酶解物能够提高肉鸡屠宰性能、改善肉品质,对肉质的保鲜也有一定的作用效果,其中1.2%添加量效果最好。     

青占鱼蛋白水制备酶解鱼溶浆最佳工艺条件的研究

为研究制备酶解鱼溶浆的最佳工艺条件,实验以青占鱼蛋白水为原料,采用复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶进行水解,探讨酶解时间、酶解温度及酶用量对蛋白质水解的影响,并通过正交实验确定最佳酶解条件优化水解工艺。结果表明:复合蛋白酶为水解青占鱼蛋白水最适蛋白酶,最佳工艺条件为:温度50℃,酶用量0.3%(干物质),水解3 h,该条件下制备的酶解鱼溶浆酸溶蛋白含量为75.83 g/100 g(干物质),蛋白质水解效率达95.29%。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.