表达传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因与鸡IL-18基因重组禽痘病毒的构建

将含痘病毒启动子LP2EP2的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1糖蛋白基因和鸡IL-18(ChIL-18)基因同时插入到禽痘病毒转移载体pSY681中,获得重组禽痘病毒转移载体pSYS1/ChIL-18。用脂质体将其转染已感染禽痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞,使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与禽痘病毒基因组发生同源重组,产生表达S1和鸡IL-18的重组禽痘病毒(rFPV-S1-ChIL-18)。在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选,对重组病毒rFPV-S1-ChIL-18进行多次蚀斑克隆。以重组禽痘病毒DNA为模板,利用S1基因和鸡IL-18基因特异引物进行PCR,分别扩增出1条约1.7 kb和1条约0.6 kb的带。经间接免疫荧光法和T细胞转化试验证实感染rFPV-S1-ChIL-18的CEF中存在表达的S1和鸡IL-18。     

禽流感病毒A/Goose/Guangdong/3/96(H5N1)NA基因的克隆及其重组禽痘病毒转移载体的构建

采用RT－PCR技术扩增了禽流感病毒A／Guangdong/3/96(H5N1)[GD3/96]神经氨酸酶（NA）基因，并将其克隆到pUC18质粒中进行测序。核苷酸序列测定结果为：NA基因全长为1410bp，共编码469个氨基酸，从pUCNA中切下NA基因片段，将其亚克隆到质粒pSY538的EcoR I位点，将带有痘苗病毒启动子P11的LacZ基因平端克隆到该质粒的Sma I位点，然后切下同位含有NA及LacZ基因的片段，再亚克隆到禽痘病毒载体pSY681的Not I位点，经限制性内切酶分析，PCR鉴定等，证明含有禽流感病毒NA基因的重组禽痘病毒转移载体已构建成功，从而为进一步筛选表达NA蛋白的重组禽痘病毒及探讨该蛋白的免疫原性鉴定了实验基础。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因和鹅副黏病毒F基因在重组禽痘病毒中联合表达

将重组转移载体质粒pSY681-VP3-F-LacZ与脂质体转染禽痘病毒感染的CEF细胞,通过五轮蓝斑筛选,获得纯化的重组病毒rFPV-VP3-F.经PCR检测,表明GPV-VP3基因和GPMV-F基因已重组到特异性禽痘病毒基因组中;Dot-ELISA和间接免疫荧光试验,证明VP3蛋白和F蛋白在重组病毒感染的CEF细胞中获得有效表达并且两种蛋白都保持其反应原性.     

表达鹅α干扰素基因重组禽痘病毒的构建及表达产物抑制鹅细小病毒活性的初步研究

为研究表达鹅α干扰素(GoIFN-α)基因重组活载体疫苗对抑制病毒增殖活性,本实验从植物血凝素刺激的延边白鹅外周血淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR扩增gIFN-α基因,其大小为576 bp.将其与LacZ表达盒串联克隆于pSY681质粒中构建pSY681-IFN-α-LacZ转移重组质粒.采用脂质体将重组质粒转染于预感染禽痘病毒(FPV) 017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过蓝/白斑筛选获得重组禽痘病毒rFPV-IFN-α.采用间接免疫荧光和western blot方法对重组毒鉴定结果显示,GoIFN-α基因在CEF中获得表达,分子质量约为29 ku.表达的CoIFN-α对鹅细小病毒在鹅胚成纤维细胞中的复制具有抑制作用.本研究为进一步开展GoIFN-α基因重组FPV活载体疫苗的体内试验奠定了基础.     

以GPT和GFP为双重筛选标记的禽痘病毒转移载体的构建及鉴定

为研制和开发以禽痘病毒为载体的重组病毒疫苗,本研究构建了禽痘病毒通用转移载体pSY681-gfp-gpt,该载体含有gfp和gpt2种报告基因及背对的痘苗病毒晚期启动子P11和早期启动子P7.5,P11启动gfp和gpt两个基因,P7.5用于启动外源基因,在早期启动子P7.5下游引入NotⅡ和AftⅡ两个酶切位点.用于外源基因的插入.为检测禽痘病毒转移载体pSY681-gfp-gpt的有效性,将H9亚型禽流感病毒A/Chicken/Shanghai/10/01(H9N2)的HA基因插入到该载体中构建转移载体pSY681-gfp-gpt-HA9,将转移载体转染已感染禽痘病毒S-FPV-017的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用gfp和gpt同时进行双重筛选、数轮蚀斑纯化后获得了重组病毒rFPV-gpt-gfp-HA9,通过PCR、western blot鉴定,结果证明,获得了能稳定表达H9亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白的重组禽痘病毒rFPV-gpt-gfp-HA9,为今后重组禽痘病毒活载体疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

禽流感病毒血凝素与核蛋白在重组禽痘病毒中的共表达

为克服禽流感病毒(AIV)血凝素(HA)仅诱导机体产生亚型特异性免疫应答的不足,本研究拟将病毒核蛋白(NP)基因与HA基因在重组禽痘病毒中实现共表达。首先构建转移载体,从测序质粒pUCNP中切下目的基因克隆到载体pSY538早晚期启动子LP2EP2的下游,再将含有禽痘病毒早晚期启动子LP2EP2的NP基因片段亚克隆到已有的AIVHA基因重组禽痘病毒转移载体中,即得到同时含有HA和NP两种基因的重组转移载体pSY(HA NP)。将转移载体脂质体转染已感染禽痘病毒亲本株S-FPV-017的鸡胚成纤维细胞。根据报告基因β-半乳糖苷酶(LacZ)基因的表达,蓝白斑法筛选重组病毒,经数轮蚀斑纯化,PCR鉴定及West-ern-blot分析,结果表明所获得的重组病毒能高效表达AIVHA及NP两种蛋白。此研究为进一步研制更为有效的禽流感基因工程活病毒载体疫苗奠定了基础。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因重组禽痘病毒转移载体的构建

从含有鹅细小病毒（GPV）H1株主要结构蛋白VP3基因的重组质粒pPROEX HTb-VP3中切取GPV H1株VP3基因片段，将其亚克隆于pSY538的EcoRI位点，并将带有痘苗病毒启动子P11的LacZ报告基因平端克隆于上述重组子的SmaI位点，再用Not I切下同时含有VP3基因和LacZ报告基因的片段，亚克隆于pSY681的NotI位点，构建了含有VP3基因的重组禽痘病毒转移载体。上述结果为GPV基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因重组禽痘病毒的构建和表达

本实验采用质脂体转染方法将禽痘病毒转移载体质粒PSY681VP3LacZ转染被禽痘病毒FPV-017感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞CEF，通过蓝白筛选和6轮蚀斑克隆纯化，获得了稳定的重组病毒。PCR鉴定，重组病毒基因组中含有VP3基因。Dot-ELISA实验证明，重组病毒表达了VP3，并具有抗原性。     

表达传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组鸡痘病毒的构建

将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因插入到鸡痘病毒转移载体pSY681中，获得重组转移载体pSY681。将pSY681-IBVS1转染已感染亲本鸡痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞，使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与鸡痘病毒基因组发生同源重组，产生表达鸡IBVS1蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-IBVS1。在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选且进一步纯化14代。S1基因的PCR检测表明，获得的含传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因的重组鸡痘病毒能够稳定遗传，间接免疫荧光和Western blot等试验证实该重组病毒在CEF内真实地表达了分子量约为90Ku的具有免疫学活性的IBV S1糖蛋白。     

表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白和猪IL-18重组伪狂犬病毒的构建

为了获得表达猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2蛋白和细胞因子猪白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的重组猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)。将PPV VP2基因和猪IL-18基因分别插入到PRV转移质粒PG中,得到重组质粒PG18-VP2。利用脂质体转染法将重组转移质粒PG18-VP2与猪PRV弱毒株DNA共转染猪睾丸(ST)细胞,以EGFP荧光标记,通过5轮蚀斑筛选纯化,成功获得表达PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18且带EGFP标记的重组伪狂犬病毒IL18-VP2-rPRV。用重组病毒感染ST细胞,12h后在荧光显微镜下可见明亮的绿色荧光;通过RT-PCR证实感染细胞中含有PPV VP2和猪IL-18mRNA;Western-blot试验结果显示,重组病毒能表达具有生物活性的PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18。重组病毒经连续20次传代后感染细胞仍能发出绿色荧光,PCR检测表明VP2及IL-18基因在重组病毒中能稳定遗传。为进一步研究表达PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18的重组猪伪狂犬病毒的免疫效力奠定了基础。     

Association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex

A retrospective study was performed on natural cases of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) to determine the association and prevalence of PRDC with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and other co-existing pathogens in Korea. Histologically, alveolar septa were markedly thickened by infiltrates of mononuclear cells. Moderate to marked multifocal peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis were present and often extended into the airway lamina propria. Among the 105 pigs with PRDC, 85 were positive for PCV2, 66 were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), 60 were positive for porcine parvovirus (PPV), and 14 were positive for swine influenza virus (SIV). There were 80 co-infections and 25 single infections. A co-infection of PCV2 with another additional bacterial pathogen is frequently diagnosed in PRDC. The combination of PCV2 and Pasteurella multocida (38 cases) was most prevalent followed by PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (33 cases). The consistent presence of PCV2, but lower prevalence of other viral and bacterial pathogens in all pigs examined with PRDC, has led us to speculate that PCV2 plays an important role in PRDC.     

Cultivation of a porcine adenovirus in porcine thyroid cell cultures

The porcine adenovirus type 4 was adapted to grow in porcine thyroid cell cultures. A readily recognizable cytopathic effect appeared in these cells as soon as the first passage of the virus and complete degeneration of the monolayers was obtained after only 72 hours post-infection at the fourth passage. A viral yield of 10(6.0) TCID50/ml was calculated after the third passage. The virus was purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation and was shown to possess a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml. A specific antiserum was prepared from two specific-pathogen-free piglets and used for indirect immunofluorescent staining. The fluorescence was observed in the nucleus of infected cells at 24 to 72 hours post-inoculation. The use of TP cells is suggested for routine porcine adenovirus diagnosis.     

Pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus, and porcine enterovirus interactions with the zona pellucida of the porcine embryo

Porcine embryos (n = 93) were incubated on cell monolayers that had been previously inoculated with pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), or each of 2 porcine enteroviruses. After 2, 24, or 48 hours of incubation, the embryos were fixed in glutaraldehyde and examined by electron microscopic procedures. It was found that pseudorabies virus adsorbed to the zona pellucida (ZP) and entered sperm tracks in the ZP. The PPV and both enteroviruses entered pores in the ZP and were associated with sperm that were at or near the outer surface of the ZP. In addition, PPV was seen enmeshed in cellular debris on the outer surface of the ZP. Evidence of a productive viral infection of the blastomeres of the embryos was not found.     

The survey of porcine teschoviruses, porcine circovirus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infecting piglets in clinical specimens in China

A multiplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to simultaneously detect three viral infections of swine. Specific primers were carefully selected from articles published for each of the following three viruses: porcine circovirus type II (PCV2), porcine teschovirus (PTV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 353 bp (PCV2), 168 bp (PTV) and 499 bp (TGEV). The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR using purified plasmid constructs containing the specific viral target fragments was 6.60?×?10², 8.43?×?10² and 7.30?×?10² copies for PCV2, PTV and TGEV, respectively. Among 127 samples which were collected from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Henan and Guangxi provinces, the single infection of PCV2, PTV and TGEV was 99.21, 46.88 and 65.35 %, respectively, and co-infection of the three viruses was 26.77 %. In conclusion, the multiplex PCR has the potential to be useful for routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiology.     

猪MSTN基因敲除载体的构建及细胞筛选

构建猪肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)基因的打靶载体并获得敲除MSTN基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞.以Puro为正筛选基因,白喉毒素-A(DT-A)为负筛选基因.将同源长臂和同源短臂分别插入Puro基因的两侧.同源长短臂分别为4 294 bp和1 015 bp,定点敲除MSTN基因的部分内含子2和部分外显子3.采用FugeneHD 转染法将打靶载体转入37 d的猪胎儿成纤维细胞中,转染后的细胞采用嘌呤霉素筛选.结果显示,成功构建了对猪MSTN基因部分区域进行敲除的打靶载体,共得到48个具有药物抗性的细胞克隆,经PCR检测,获得2个正确同源重组的细胞克隆.     

Association of porcine circovirus type 2 with vascular lesions in porcine pneumonia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasculature in porcine circovirus type 2-infected (PCV2-infected) lungs and to identify the PCV2 subtypes involved in porcine pneumonia. Pulmonary samples from 140 pigs, 2 weeks to 7 months of age, from 36 Hungarian commercial herds with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory pathogens, with bacterial culture, pathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV2, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, and swine influenza virus. PCV2 was the most commonly identified pathogen (49 cases) among the 74 of 140 cases (53%) with respiratory pathogens. PCV2 was detected immunohistochemically in the wall of 13% to 100% of pulmonary vessels (mean, 89%) in 38 of 49 cases (78%). Detection of PCV2 antigen was positively correlated with the presence of vascular lesions (P < .001, odds ratio [OR]: 159.54). Other pathogens capable of vascular injury in swine were found in 29 of 49 of the PCV2-positive cases (59%). The probability of detecting vascular lesions in PCV2-infected lung was higher than in infection with porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (P < .002, OR: 14.63), Pasteurella multocida infection (P < .001, OR: 5.75), or Streptococcus spp. infection (not significant, OR: 1.45). Sequence analysis of open reading frame 2 amplicons was possible in 6 PCV2-positive cases, from which 5 cases proved to be PCV2b subtype and 1 case, PCV2a subtype. In conclusion, PCV2 antigen was commonly colocalized with pulmonary vascular lesions in pneumonia in Hungarian swine, and PCV2b was the dominant subtype.     

Chorio-retinitis in porcine toxoplasmosis

Porcine toxoplasmosis generally occurs as a latent disease in adolescent and adult pigs, but now and then also manifests itself as a fatal congenital disease in piglets. It is known to occur in USA (Farrel et al. 1952), Germany (Becker 1954), Denmark (Momberg-Jørgensen 1956), Mexico (Varela et al. 1956), Japan (Sato et al. 1958), England (Harding et al. 1961) and Sweden (Hansen et al. to be published).