性控冷冻精液人工授精对青年奶牛繁殖性能的影响

为了研究使用性控冷冻精液(以下简称性控冻精)进行人工授精对青年奶牛繁殖性能的影响,选择10名输精员和6头公牛性控冻精对1851头青年奶牛随机进行人工授精,第1次人工授精时全部使用性控冻精,返情的母牛分别使用常规精液和性控冻精人工授精,统计分析妊娠率、产犊数、母犊数等繁殖指标。结果表明:性控冻精人工授精后代母犊率显著高于常规精液人工授精后代母犊率(P0.05);不同公牛性控冻精和不同输精人员的人工授精情期受胎率存在差异(P0.05);性控冻精人工授精对青年奶牛流产率、产犊率和犊牛初生重等没有显著影响(P0.05)。青年奶牛第1次人工授精配种适合选择性控冻精,能显著提高后代母犊率。     

奶牛性控冻精配种试验效果分析

本试验采用奶牛性控冻精对荷斯坦母牛进行配种,另选对照组母牛采用常规冻精配种,比较两组母牛的情期受胎率和产母犊比例。结果表明,采用性控冻精配种的试验组奶牛产母犊率为92.3%,采用常规冻精配种对照组奶牛产母犊率为50.8%,二者之间差异显著。两组情期受胎率分别为53.9%和59.6%,差异不显著。     

重庆市奶牛性控冻精应用效果观察

本文通过总结重庆市2006～2009年期间,在三个奶牛场使用1 300剂性控精液配种效果观察,分析并总结了奶牛性控精液在生产中的配种效果及经济效益,为奶牛性控精液能否在生产中大面积的推广应用提供了依据。从重庆市几年的应用情况看,用奶牛性控冻精给母牛配种,一次情期受胎率平均为54.23%,比普通精液一次情期受胎率低3.2个百分点;性控冻精配种产母犊率为92.5%,显著高于普通精液配种的49.5%。性控冻精配种母牛受胎率虽低于普通冻精配种,但产母犊率显著高于普通冻精,产犊收益既高于普通精液,又能达到快速扩群和选育的目的,值得推广应用。性控冻精精子含量少,对配种技术要求高,可在有配种技术高的人工授精人员的大中型奶牛场推广应用,不宜在小规模场和散养户中使用。     

不同厂家分离奶牛X性控冻精情期受胎率试验

在育成牛发情开始后的20~24 h内,输精部位为子宫角大弯至小弯之间的技术条件下,用国内三家生产的奶牛X性控冻精分组进行人工授精。情期受胎率分别为62.50%、74.00%、73.00%;各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);母犊率在89.04%~93.33%之间,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,用三个不同厂家生产的奶牛X性控冻精,在快繁高产奶牛中,情期受胎率无显著差异;母犊率可以达到90.00%。奶牛生产者在选择奶牛X性控冻精时,应根据牛场的育种计划,参考不同厂家的种公牛的遗传指数和生产性能,灵活选择。     

性控精液对奶牛情期受胎率的影响

研究了性控精液对奶牛情期受胎率及母犊率的影响。结果表明:经产(青年牛/成母牛)对性控精液的受胎率有显著影响(P<0.05),输精部位、季节对性控精液的受胎率无显著影响(P>0.05)。青年牛试验组与对照组的情期受胎率分别为80.00%和60.00%。成母牛试验组与对照组的情期受胎率分别为33.33%和57.14%,没有显著差异(P>0.05)。性控精液的母犊率(95.45%)极显著高于常规精液的母犊率(47.37%)(P<0.01)。性控精液的流产率与犊牛成活率与常规精液差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

牦牛同期发情及定时授精技术的试验

53头青年母牦牛和42头当年产母牦牛进行同期发情及定时授精处理,其中青年母牦牛人工授精31头,当年产母牦牛人工授精28头,人工授精精液采用大通牦牛冻精和西门塔尔牛冻精,输精一次后母牦牛与公牦牛合群放牧。结果青年母牦牛产犊率为84.91%,产大通牦牛后代10头,西门塔尔杂种犏牛1头,采用大通牦牛精液和西门塔尔精液人工授精情受胎率分别为58.82%(10/17)和7.14%(1/14);当年产母牦牛产犊率为52.38%(28/42),产大通牦牛后代11头,西门塔尔杂种犏牛2头,人工授精情受胎率分别为45.83%(11/24)和50%(2/4);2组平均人工授精情期受胎率为42.37%,其中用大通牦牛冻精的人工授精情期受胎率为51.22%,西门塔尔牛冻精的情期受胎率为16.67%。     

性控精液对奶牛人工授精情期受胎率及性比例的影响

本试验用经流式细胞分离仪分离的富含X精子的性控精液及常规精液对奶牛进行人工授精.结果表明:试验组(性控精液)与对照组(常规精液)情期受胎率分别为54.81%(74/135)和60.61%(40/66),两者之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验组所产犊牛母犊率为97.14%(34/35).试验表明,通过控制母牛输精部位及时间,可使性控精液的受胎率接近常规精液水平.用性控精液进行人工授精所产后代的母犊率远远高于常规精液.     

使用奶牛性控冻精的繁育效果观察

采用XY种畜（天津）有限公司生产的奶牛性控冻精进行一次性输精配种.根据奶牛的发情规律和“奶牛性控繁育人工授精技术操作规程（要点）”,结合生殖激素和治疗手段,在2005～2010年间,累计输精37948头次,妊娠19050头次,情期受胎率50.2％,母犊率92.0％.其中正常性控冻精输精28600头次,妊娠14015头,...     

奶牛性控冻精应用试验效果观察

宝山区开展性控冻精在奶牛生产上的应用试验,以比较性控冻精与普通冻精使用后适配母牛的受胎率、母犊率及犊牛外貌等情况。结果表明性控冻精受胎率比普通冻精低,但母犊率远高于普通冻精。使用性控冻精获得的母犊更符合高产母牛的外貌特征。     

奶牛X性控冻精应用效果试验

选用120头奶牛,随机分为两组,各60头,用X性控冻精和普通冻精授配奶牛,统计情期受胎率和母犊率.结果表明,试验组比对照组情期受胎率低8.3个百分点(P>0.05),母犊率提高43.8个百分点(P<0.01).     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.