‘白雪公主’草莓茎尖组培快繁体系研究

以草莓品种‘白雪公主’茎尖为外植体,以MS为基础培养基,对培养前暗处理、不定芽诱导、增殖培养、生根培养等组培快繁环节进行研究,并建立了其组织培养快速繁殖体系。结果表明：暗处理3 d能够促进茎尖萌发,提高萌发速度;MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L为适宜的诱导培养基,诱导率达82 %以上;MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L为适宜的增殖培养基,增殖系数为8.00;1/2 MS+蔗糖20 g/L作为生根培养基为适宜的生根培养基,培养5 d后生根率达100 %,平均生根数为10条,平均根长为5.00 cm。     

荔枝和龙眼茎段诱导成苗技术的初步研究

本文选用荔枝和龙眼实生苗带腋芽茎段为外植体,经常规消毒后,接种于附加不同浓度的激素6-BA、IAA和2,4-D的MS、B5、1/2MS等基本培养基上,诱导茎段萌芽。结果表明,MS培养基适合荔枝和龙眼茎段芽的诱导,荔枝茎段萌芽最佳的培养基为MS 0.6 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L IAA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 3g/L活性炭,萌芽率为71.7%,正常芽率为90.9%;龙眼茎段萌芽最佳培养基为MS 0.6 mg/L 6-BA 0.4 mg/L IAA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 3g/L活性炭,萌芽率为75.6%,正常芽率为83.8%。诱导荔枝芽苗生根的最佳培养基为MS 0.05 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率为2.9%;诱导龙眼芽苗生根的最佳培养基为MS 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率为5.0%。     

‘玛瑙红’樱桃茎尖培养脱植原体快繁体系建立及优化

为了解决玛瑙红樱桃植原体病害问题,以玛瑙红樱桃休眠芽为外植体,优化了玛瑙红茎尖快繁体系并对该体系进行ISSR检测,同时采用茎尖培养法、热处理结合茎尖二次培养法对玛瑙红樱桃植原体进行脱除。结果如下：茎尖萌发培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+TDZ 0.3 mg/L,萌发率为80.67 %;增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+GA3 1.5 mg/L,平均增殖系数为5.07;生根培养基为MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,生根率为79.17 %;ISSR检测未发生变异,表明该快繁体系稳定;最佳茎尖培养脱除方法为：取休眠芽茎尖0.3~0.6 mm进行培养,脱除率为66.67 %,成活率为52.22 %,最佳热处理结合茎尖培养脱除方法为：组培苗经38 ℃处理21天后剥取0.3~0.6 mm茎尖培养,脱除率为86.67 %,成活率为42.22 %。     

复序橐吾组培再生体系研究

用复序橐吾(Ligularia jaluensis Kom.)种子获得无菌苗,取其叶片为外植体,以MS培养基为基础,通过添加不同浓度和种类的细胞分裂素及生长素,目的是筛选出叶片组织培养的最适培养基。结果表明:种子较好的灭菌时间为75%酒精30 s+1‰升汞4min;初代培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+2,4-D1.0mg/L,由此获得的愈伤组织致密、颜色绿,具有很好的诱导效果,其诱导率达到90%;继代增殖的最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,其增殖倍数高达3.9,并且苗生长状况良好;生根最适培养基为:1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L,生根率达100%。     

早开堇菜组织培养及植株再生体系的建立

以野生早开堇菜为材料,研究了不同外植体类型(子叶节、叶片、叶柄)和不同激素配比对其不定芽诱导、愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,成功建立了早开堇菜组织培养植株再生体系。结果表明,1) 诱导子叶节和叶柄不定芽诱导的最适培养基为 MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,叶片不适合作为直接诱导不定芽的外植体。2) 3种外植体均能诱导愈伤组织,子叶节愈伤组织诱导的时间最短,其次为叶柄,叶片最晚。子叶节和叶柄愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,诱导率分别为98.3%和96.7%;叶片愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L NAA,诱导率可达88.3%。3) 最适愈伤组织分化培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,分化率为100%。4)不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.075 mg/L NAA,增殖率为4.68。 5)再生苗移植到添加1.0 mg/L 6-BA的1/2 MS培养基上,生根率92.3%。6)组培苗移栽到珍珠岩∶河沙∶腐殖质(1∶2∶2)的混合基质时,100%成活,且植株长势好。     

紫叶李组织培养及快繁体系的建立

试验以紫叶李春季萌生苗嫩枝为外植体,在腋芽诱导的基础上,建立“以芽尖诱导丛生芽”的组培快繁体系。腋芽诱导培养基为MS+6BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L与MS+6BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;丛生芽增殖培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.3mg/L;壮苗培养基为MS+6BA0.4mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+GA30.2mg/L。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA1.0mg/L+蔗糖20g/L。     

红皮红肉火龙果组培快繁技术的研究

为建立火龙果的组培快繁体系,以红皮红肉火龙果(Hylocereu polyrhizus) 的幼嫩茎段为外植体进行组培快繁研究,结果表明,最适的外植体消毒的方法为75% 酒精消毒20 s,2%次氯酸钠5min, 0.1% 升汞10 min,污染率为11.11% ,成活率达73.33%。MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L为诱导不定芽效果最好的培养基,诱导率83.33%。添加6-BA6.0 mg/L 和NAA0.1 mg/L有利于芽的增殖和分化,增殖系数可达5.9。研究发现最佳的壮苗培养基为MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L +NAA0.1 mg/,虽然繁殖系数不高,但其不定芽生长粗壮。最适宜的生根培养基为：MS+IBA 0.6 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L。,生根率达到 100% ,平均生根数6.83条每株。     

维多利亚菠萝组培快繁技术研究

以“维多利亚”菠萝品种的冠芽为外植体,采用6－BA、NAA、IBA等激素配比对芽诱导、愈伤诱导、继代增殖和生根培养。结果表明, 愈伤组织诱导率最高的为MS BA2.0 mg/L NAA0.2 mg/L。愈伤诱导不定芽最理想配比为MS 6-BA3 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L。芽的继代增殖系数较高和芽较粗壮的培养基配比为MS 6-BA2.0 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/ L,适宜生根培养基为MS＋IBA0.5 mg/L＋NAA 1 mg/L。生根率达100%。     

‘紫金四季’草莓组培快繁技术研究

以‘紫金四季’的叶片为外植体,对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽诱导、增殖培养、生根培养等组培快繁关键环节进行了研究,建立了‘紫金四季’草莓组织培养快繁技术。结果表明：‘紫金四季’幼叶较叶柄更适宜作为组培外植体,培养时叶片正面朝上放置更有利于愈伤的产生;诱导不定芽培养基以 MS 2.0mg/L TDZ 0.1mg /L NAA为佳,诱导率为50%;继代增殖培养基为 MS 1.0mg /L 6-BA 0.2 mg /L NAA,其增殖系数为6.17;生根培养基为 1 /4MS,生根率达 100% ,平均生根数达 6.6条。     

披碱草×野大麦杂种F_1幼穗培养再生体系的建立

以披碱草×野大麦杂种F_1幼穗为外植体,诱导出胚性愈伤组织,建立了植株再生体系,对影响愈伤组织诱导、分化、生根的基本培养基、激素种类及质量浓度等进行筛选。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导以MS为基本培养基+3mg/L 2,4-D较好;外植体在MS+3mg/L 2,4-D+30g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂的诱导培养基上经过20d培养,小穗愈伤组织诱导率达28.3%;愈伤组织的分化培养基为MS+1mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA+30g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂,愈伤组织分化率达78%;生根培养基以1/2MS+0.5mg/L IBA+0.5mg/L NAA+蔗糖+7g/L琼脂为最佳,生根率可达86.7%,移栽后成活率可达100%。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料，进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析，为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高，为100%，软枝酸橘最低，为88.9%；随着干旱胁迫加剧，各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势，长寿金柑的旱害指数最低，为0.25，软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高，为0.61；从叶片相对含水量的结果来看，长寿金柑的变化幅度最小，软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大，在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%；3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度，其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析，得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。