亚麻田几种常见杂草的鉴别及其防除

亚麻是黑龙江省垦区农业种植结构调整的主要作物，现亚麻种植面积占全省的2／3。但该区域农田开垦年限较短，杂草基数大，种类多，严重的草荒，影响亚麻产质量和机械作业，束缚了该区亚麻的发展。本文重点阐述亚麻田几种常见难以防治的杂草的鉴别和防治方法，对该地区亚麻发展有重要的指导意义。     

黑龙江省亚麻田间杂草及综合防治技术措施

本文对亚麻田间杂草的种类、密度和生长发育等情况进行了综述.针对亚麻田间杂草种类多,密度大,草害严重等诸多问题,提出了亚麻田间杂草的综合防治技术措施.     

冬季亚麻杂草种类危害及防除研究

本文调查研究了州内亚麻种植地区的田块杂草种类、分布和发生规律.查清杂草共有101种,隶属25科,发生危害重的有7科26种,占25.74%;双子叶杂草77种,占76.23%,单子叶杂草22种,占21.78%,蕨类杂草2种,占1.98%.一年生杂草42种,占42.58%,越年或一年生杂草29种,占28.71%,多年生杂草30种,占29.71%.杂草随亚麻的播种而生长,至枞形期达最高峰,88-1231株/m2.防治上在亚麻枞形期(株高5-10cm)、杂草2-3叶期选择50%敌草隆+5%精喹禾灵或50%敌草隆+56%二甲四氯钠盐,兑水喷雾,防除效果达90%以上.     

亚麻田和苎麻苗床地化学除草试验及生产应用

南方冬季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕.苎麻春季育苗苗床地主要杂草为看麦娘、马唐、牛繁缕.用5%金草克乳油每666.7m2用量45-50ml.在亚麻、苎麻播后45-90天,即杂草3-9片真叶时喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为87.1%和81.5%,对亚麻、苎麻安全无药害.一次用药后能完全控制亚麻全生育期和苎麻育苗期间的草害.     

黑龙江省亚麻田间杂草及综合防治技术措施

本文对亚麻田间杂草的种类、密度和生长发育等情况进行了综述。针对亚麻田间杂草种类多，密度大，草害严重等诸多问题，提出了亚麻田间杂草的综合防治技术措施。     

南方亚麻田杂草防治药效试验及应用技术

南方冬春季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕、(艹)/(罔)草及碎米荠.试验表明72%都尔乳油每666.7m2用量130ml,在亚麻播后发芽前封土处理,其鲜重防效达84.7%;17.5%快刀乳油、10.8%高效盖草能乳油及5%禾草杀星乳油每666.7m2用量60ml,在亚麻出苗后20～30天喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为98.1%、87.1%和92.7%.上述药剂对亚麻安全无药害,一次用药能完全控制亚麻全生育期的杂草危害.     

亚麻田和苎麻苗床地化学除草试验及生产应用

南方冬季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕。芝麻春季育苗苗床地主要杂草为看麦娘、马唐、牛繁缕。用5％金草克乳油每666.7m2用量45-50ml。在亚麻、苎麻播后45-90天,即杂草3-9片真叶时喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为87.1％和81.5％,对亚麻、苎麻安全无药害。一次用药后能完全控制亚麻全生育期和苎麻育苗期间的草害。     

新疆伊犁地区亚麻田杂草调查

采用倒置" W"9点取样法对新疆亚麻主栽区--伊犁地区亚麻田进行了杂草调查.结果表明伊犁地区亚麻田的杂草有15科26种,单子叶杂草狗尾草、稗草、野燕麦,双子叶杂草灰绿藜、卷茎蓼的相对多度在20以上,是亚麻田杂草的优势种群.     

冬季亚麻杂草种类危害及防除研究

本文调查研究了州内亚麻种植地区的田块杂草种类、分布和发生规律。查清杂草共有101种，隶属25科，发生危害重的有7科26种，占25．74％；双子叶杂草77种，占76．23％，单子叶杂草22种，占21．78％，蕨类杂草2种，占1．98％。一年生杂草42种，占42．58％，越年或一年生杂草29种，占28．7l％，多年生杂草30种，占29．7l％。杂草随亚麻的播种而生长，至枞形期达最高峰，88—1231株／m^2。防治上在亚麻枞形期（株高5—10cm）、杂草2—3叶期选择50％敌草隆＋5％精喹禾灵或50％敌草隆＋56％二甲四氯钠盐，兑水喷雾，防除效果达90％以上。     

几种芽前除草剂对冬季亚麻田杂草的防除效果研究

为筛选对冬季亚麻苗期安全、高效、低成本的除草药剂,本研究比较了不同化学除草剂及其不同用量对亚麻田间杂草的防除效果,并以人工除草和不除草方法为对照,对比分析不同除草方法的投入和产出情况。结果表明,90%异丙甲草胺乳油2250 ml/hm2处理对冬季亚麻田杂草的防除效果较好,对亚麻生长安全,能显著降低劳动力和生产成本投入,提高亚麻种植效益,可以作为冬季亚麻田芽前化学除草方法推广应用。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

龙眼种质资源果实经济性状的稳定性评价

为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。