羔羊外周血单个核细胞转化MTT比色法最佳检测条件的筛选

为了建立羔羊外周血单个核细胞转化检测的MTT比色法,对影响MTT比色法的3个主要因素(包括刺激原、细胞浓度、培养时间)进行了探索性的研究.结果表明,MTT法检测的最佳条件为:植物血凝素(PHA)浓度为10 pg/mL,细胞密度为1×107个/mL;或者刀豆蛋白A(ConA)浓度为40μg/mL,细胞密度为2×107个/...     

鸡脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖试验优化条件的筛选

为了建立鸡脾脏T淋巴细胞转化试验的最佳培养条件,采用四甲基偶氮唑(MTT)比色法,对细胞浓度、小牛血清及刀豆蛋白A(ConA)的浓度,以及培养时间等4个参数进行研究。结果表明,采用5×106/mL细胞、100mL/L小牛血清、10μg/mL的ConA及48h培养时间可获得最大的OD570吸光值。     

奶牛外周血单个核细胞增殖反应最优条件的筛选

为了建立奶牛外周血单个核细胞增殖反应的MTT检测方法,对影响增殖反应的刺激原及浓度、细胞浓度、培养时间等条件进行了探索性研究。结果表明,MTT法检测的最佳条件是:ConA浓度为2.5μg/mL,细胞浓度为1×10⁶ cells/mL,培养时间为48 h;或者浓度为30μg/mL,细胞浓度为1×106 cells/mL,培养时间为48 h;或者浓度为30μg/mL,细胞浓度为1×10⁶ cells/mL,培养时间为48 h。     

3H-TdR掺入法检测鸡不同组织淋巴细胞增殖反应的条件优化

为了检测感染免疫抑制病毒后鸡群的细胞免疫变化,以建立的3H-TdR掺入法观察了外周血、脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊中淋巴细胞的增殖反应,对影响该方法的细胞密度、丝裂原浓度(ConA或LPS)、犊牛血清(FCS)浓度等条件进行优化.结果表明,外周血淋巴细胞增殖试验的最佳条件细胞105～106/mL,ConA 5 mg/L,FCS 10%;脾脏中淋巴细胞最佳条件细胞5×106/mL,ConA 10 mg/L,FCS 10%;胸腺中淋巴细胞最佳条件细胞106/mL,ConA 40 mg/L,FCS 10%;法氏囊中淋巴细胞最佳条件细胞5×106/mL,LPS 40 mg/L,FCS 10%.     

猪外周血单个核细胞增殖反应影响条件的探讨

应用 Ｌ１６ （４５） 正交试验, 对影响猪 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 增殖反应的几个因素, 包括培养时间、 Ｐ Ｈ Ａ 浓度、细胞浓度等三个因素四个水平进行了比较和探索。试验表明几个因素对 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 的增殖反应均有显著的影响（ Ｐ＜ ００５） , Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 增殖反应的 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ 比色法的最佳反应条件组合为 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 浓度为１ ×１０６／ｍｌ, 植物血凝素 Ｐ Ｈ Ａ 的浓度为１２５μｇ／ ｍｌ, 细胞培养时间为２４ 小时; 影响增殖反应的先后顺序为 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 浓度、 Ｐ Ｈ Ａｐ 浓度及细胞培养时间。同时确定了最有利于 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 增殖的犊牛血清浓度为１０ ％ 。     

MTT法检测番鸭外周血淋巴细胞转化功能的研究

为了建立番鸭淋巴细胞转化检测的MTT法 ,筛选细胞浓度、刀豆蛋白ConA浓度和培养时间 3个参数对试验条件进行了研究。结果确定了MTT法检测番鸭淋巴细胞转化能力的最佳培养条件 ,细胞浓度 5× 1 0 6个 /mL在 2 0 μg/mLConA的RMPI 1 640完全培养基 40℃培养 60h。试验表明 ,该方法可用于番鸭体外细胞免疫功能的检测     

人β-防御素3在体外对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响

为了更充分地阐明人β-防御素3(HBD3)对淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响,试验先用CCK-8对不同浓度的刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反应进行检测,进而筛选出最适ConA浓度,然后再用CCK-8检测不同浓度(1,10,100,500,1 000 ng/mL)的HBD3协同最适ConA浓度诱导淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果表明:ConA的最适浓度为2μg/mL;浓度为1,10,100 ng/mL的HBD3可以显著促进2μg/mL ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反应,但是伴随着HBD3浓度的不断升高这一作用逐渐降低,当浓度为500 ng/mL和1 000 ng/mL时表现出一定程度的抑制作用。说明HBD3在一定浓度范围内对ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反应具有促进作用,而超出这一浓度范围就会出现抑制作用。     

猪淋巴细胞转化增殖试验反应的最佳条件探讨

为了确定猪淋巴细胞转化增殖试验反应的最佳条件,研究以东北民猪为试验猪,采用MTT法研究不同浓度犊牛血清(FCS)、淋巴细胞、植物血凝素P(PHA-P)对猪淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果表明:当培养时间为60 h、犊牛血清浓度为10%、淋巴细胞浓度为2×106个/m L、PHA-P刺激的最佳浓度为12.5μg/m L时,可显著刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖。     

不同血清浓度对金华猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞体外生长的影响研究

试验研究了不同血清浓度对金华猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞体外生长的影响,初步确定体外培养的适宜血清浓度。采用组织块贴壁培养法在不同血清浓度的培养基中进行条件培养(体积分数为5%、10%、15%),观察细胞形态,采用MTT法进行细胞增殖试验。结果表明,含10%、15%血清培养液相对于含5%血清培养液条件下,细胞从组织块迁移出来的时间较短,培养成纤维细胞生长、增殖迅速,细胞活力较强,MTT值明显增高(P0.05),而10%血清与15%血清比较,则差异不显著(P0.05)。     

不同刺激剂PHA和ConA对绒山羊淋巴细胞有丝分裂中期化的影响

试验旨在探索使较高比例的淋巴细胞富集在有丝分裂G2/M期的最佳条件。运用植物血凝素(PHA)和刀豆蛋白A(ConA)对淋巴细胞进行刺激使其增殖,培养一定时间后加秋水仙素对淋巴细胞进行同步化处理,用流式细胞仪检测G2/M期的细胞数量进行比对,观察试剂的最佳作用浓度和加秋水仙素的最佳时间。结果表明,采用PHA和ConA刺激淋巴细胞增殖的最佳作用浓度是60和5 μg/mL,且淋巴细胞经ConA刺激培养45 h再加秋水仙素处理5 h G2期的比例最高为58.38%。结果提示,就绒山羊的淋巴细胞来说,ConA刺激绒山羊淋巴细胞增殖的效果比PHA好,且摸索出细胞G2/M期的时间点至关重要。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.