特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中乳铁蛋白的检测

建立特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中乳铁蛋白的高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）检测方法。试样中的乳铁蛋白经磷酸盐缓冲液提取,肝素亲和柱净化后,用反相-HPLC分离,以0.1%三氟乙酸和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,HPLC仪紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明：在乳铁蛋白质量浓度50～500 μg/mL范围内,检测结果呈现良好线性关系;该方法的检出限为5 mg/100 g,定量限为15 mg/100 g,平均回收率为93.9%;同一质量浓度乳铁     

高效液相色谱法测定泰地罗新的研究

本文建立高效液相色谱法测定泰地罗新含量的检测方法。色谱条件为:Waters XBridge TM C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(p H=7.00)=(35∶30∶35),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。研究表明:泰地罗新质量浓度在0.1 mg/m L-2 mg/m L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6)。该方法简单,准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于泰地罗新含量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定原料乳和奶粉中三聚氰胺的含量

该试验建立了使用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定原料乳和奶粉中三聚氰胺含量的检测方法.用三氯乙酸溶液和乙酸铅提取,提取液经MCX固相萃取柱净化后用UPLC-MS-MS进行检测.色谱条件:CAPCELL PAK CR1:4柱(2.0 mm×100 mmi.d.,5 μm),流动相:乙腈-0.01 mol/L乙酸铵溶液,梯度洗脱流速0.3ml/min.采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,以一级质谱得到的准分子离子m/z 126.8作为母离子,进行碰撞诱导解离(CID)二级质谱(MS2)分析,选择母离子和MS2的碎片离子m/z 84.9、67.8定性确证.提取m/z 84.9离子质量色谱峰面积定量.基质标准线性范围为0.01～1.00 μg/ml,检出限10 μg/kg(S/N=10),原料乳回收率为82.4%～97.8%,奶粉回收率为80.7%～95.7%.     

利用高效液相色谱仪同时测定鲤鱼脑区多种单胺类神经递质

为了测定鲤鱼脑区8种单胺类神经递质,通过对样品前处理、色谱条件的系列优化,采用高效液相色谱的方法,Agilent SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5.0μm),以0.1 mol/L Na Ac溶液(内含0.05 mmol/L Na2-EDTA,5 mmol/L三乙胺,加入HAc调节p H为4.8)、甲醇及去离子水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,柱温为25℃,激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为330 nm。结果显示:在10 min内,8种单胺类神经递质分离完全,每种物质在一定的浓度范围内线性关系良好(R20.999),日内精密度、日间精密度及稳定性均良好,8种物质的添加回收率在91.47%~101.51%之间。结论:本方法操作简便、快速,测定结果准确度较高,可用于鲤鱼脑内8种单胺类递质的测定。     

卫生部批准四种新型食品添加剂

卫生部发布今年第六号公告,批准了竹叶抗氧化物、喹啉黄、海萝胶、乳铁蛋白4个食品添加剂新品种, 30个扩大使用范围、使用量的品种,并公布了119种食品用香精的名单,新规定从即日起开始实施。在4个新品种中,竹叶抗氧化物可用于食用油脂、肉制品、水产品、膨化食品,最大使用量不超过0.5g/kg;喹啉黄作为着色剂,可用于预调酒,最大使用量为100mg/L;海萝胶为增稠剂,可用于胶基糖果,最大使用量为10g/kg;乳铁蛋白可用于婴儿配方奶粉、较大婴儿和幼儿配方奶粉,最大使用量为30-100mg/100g。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳品中乳铁蛋白的含量

建立乳品中乳铁蛋白高效液相色谱的测定方法。采用pH值为7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液做为提取剂,C_(18)色谱柱分离,不同浓度的乙腈-0.5 mol/L的氯化钠溶液-三氟乙酸的二元系统进行梯度洗脱。每100g奶粉(或每100mL液态奶)中乳铁蛋白添加量为5~10 mg时,回收率大于90%。定量限为0.5 mg/100g。该方法具有结果准确,操作简便,重复性好等优点,可用于乳品中乳铁蛋白的检测。     

离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中多种阴离子

本文建立了用单柱阴离子色谱测定井水中的F-、CI-、NO-2、PO43-、NO3-五种阴离子的方法。采用自制色谱前处理柱过滤水样,除去绝大部分的有机物及重金属离子,然后通过NJ-SA-4A阴离子交换柱,以0.35 mmol/L Na CO3和0.05mmol/L Na HCO3混合溶液为流动相,电导检测器在11min内完成五种阴离子的测定,该法具有良好的线性相关性和重复性(相对标准偏差1.98-4.18%),回收率为96-110.9%,方法简便实用,用于实际样品分析,所得结果令人满意。     

婴儿奶粉中乳铁蛋白的检测方法的研究

应用酶联免疫法测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白的含量。检测的线性范围为7．8—500ng／mL。     

HPLC法测定头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物含量

固定相为:TSK·GELG2000SWXL色谱柱(7.8mm×300mm,5μm),0.06mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(0.06mol/L磷酸氢二铵溶液,用磷酸调节p H值7.0)-乙腈(95:5)流动相,检测波长为280nm;头孢呋辛酯浓度在0.3~1.5mg/m L范围内内呈良好的线性关系。本法简便、重现性好,可用于头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物的含量测定。     

饲料中洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星的测定——高效液相色谱法

试验建立了饲料中洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星的高效液相色谱测定方法。饲料中的洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星用乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液(p H7.0)提取,混合型阳离子固相萃取柱净化,氨化甲醇溶液洗脱,0.025mol/L磷酸溶液(三乙胺调p H至3.0)﹕甲醇﹕乙腈(82﹕7﹕11)作为流动相,C18色谱柱进行分离,检测波长为287nm。结果表明,在0.5~50.0μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999。该方法的检测限为1.0mg/kg,定量限为5.0mg/kg。本法操作简单,结果准确,可用于饲料中洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星的测定。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.