太湖鹅屠宰性能研究

对70日龄太湖鹅屠宰性能进行测定,并对相关参数进行相关性分析.结果表明.太湖鹅平均屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率分别为87.84%、69.66%、78.31%、11.35%、18.74%,半净膛率、胸肌率公母间差异极显著(P<0.01),全净膛率公母间差异显著(P<0.05):屠宰性能各指标间存在高等或中等强度相关.     

五个品种鹅体尺测量及屠宰生能测定比较分析

以90日龄太湖鹅、四川白鹅、三花鹅、五龙鹅、皖西白鹅为试验素材,比较各品种间体尺及屠宰性能差异,5个鹅种平均体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胫长、胫围、半潜水长存在着不同程度的差异;皖西白鹅胸深达到9.25 cm,与其他4个鹅品种存在差异;髋骨宽、颈长各品种间差异不显著.各项屠宰指标中活重、屠体重、全净膛率各品种间存在着不同差异;皖西白鹅平均腹脂重达到130.37 g,远远高于其它4个鹅种的水平,差异显著;五龙鹅腿肌率、胸肌率分别为14.84%、18.69%,高于其它4个鹅种,胸肌率差异显著;而半净膛率、腿肌率和屠宰率5个鹅种差异都不显著.不同品种鹅体尺、屠宰性能各指标间有不同程度的相关性.     

浙东白鹅屠宰试验和若干肉质的物理化学性状比较分析

本文对70日龄浙东白鹅进行屠宰试验,并测定了各组的若干肉质物理和化学指标。结果表明：母鹅活重小于青年公鹅（p〈0.05）;半净膛重母鹅大于公鹅（p〈0.05）;半净膛率母鹅小于青年公鹅（p〉0.05）;胸肉率、腿肉率、胸腿肌率公鹅大于母鹅（p〉0.05）。剪切力值公大于母,公鹅屠宰性状优于母鹅。粗蛋白质含量胸肌大于腿肌,差异显著（p〈0.05）,粗脂肪含量腿肌大于胸肌（p〈0.05）,粗灰分腿肌小于胸肌（p〈0.05）。     

n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸不同比例对扬州鹅生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同比例n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对扬州鹅生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。选取160只3周龄扬州鹅,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。分别饲喂n-6/n-3PUFA的比例为3:1、6:1、9:1、12:1玉米-豆粕型日粮,在42、56、70日龄进行样品采集。结果显示:不同比例n-6/n-3PUFA对生长期扬州鹅日增重和饲料转化率无显著影响,对生长期扬州鹅全净膛率、半净膛率和屠宰率无显著影响;对产肉性能胸肌率和腿肌率有显著影响n-6/n-3PUFA比例为9:1的屠宰率比较稳定,产肉性能最好。试验结果表明,不同比例多不饱和脂肪酸对扬州鹅生产性能、全净膛率,半净膛率和屠宰率没有影响,n-6/n-3PUFA比例为9:1时可获得较佳的胸肌率和腿肌率。     

白羽朗德鹅屠宰性能及其与体重的相关性分析

选择健康1日龄白羽朗德鹅共60只饲养至10周龄时测定其体重和屠宰性状,并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果:10周龄白羽朗德鹅平均体重为3 855.75 g,屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率分别为81.44%、72.30%、63.81%、10.50%、13.20%和2.88%,体重、半净膛重、全净膛重和腹脂重在公、母鹅间差异显著(P0.05);10周龄体重和屠宰性能显著(P0.05)或极显著正相关(P0.01)。结果表明,在生产实践中可以通过体重指标对白羽朗德鹅的屠宰性状进行预测和间接选择。     

浙东白鹅与句容四季鹅生产性能的比较

对浙东白鹅和句容四季鹅1～10周龄体重和10周龄体尺、屠宰性能及胸肌肉品质等性状进行研究.结果表明:浙东白鹅1～10周龄体重均极显著地高于句容四季鹅(P＜0.01);浙东白鹅除10周龄胸深与句容四季鹅没有显著的差异(P＞0.05)外,10周龄体斜长、龙骨长、颈长、胸宽、胫长、胫围和半潜水长均与句容四季鹅存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),反映浙东白鹅早期生长发育强度明显高于句容四季鹅.浙东白鹅10周龄半净膛屠宰率、全净膛屠宰率、胸肌率、腹脂率、心重、肌胃重和肝重与句容四季鹅之间均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),两者10周龄腺胃重之间存在显著的差异(P＜0.05).浙东白鹅10周龄胸肌的OD值、剪切力及胸肌的失水率与句容四季鹅之间均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01).     

日粮能量和蛋白质水平对5～10周龄仔鹅生产性能的影响

选用4周龄扬州鹅180只,以能量和蛋白质为试验因子,采用2因素3水平设计,研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对生长期扬州鹅生产性能的影响。研究结果表明:①10周龄体重和日增重各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),屠宰指标间无明显规律。②对体重、日增重、屠宰率和腿肌率的影响,均是互作>能量>蛋白质,其中互作和能量对腿肌率的影响极显著(P<0.01);对半净膛率和全净膛率的影响,均是能量>互作>蛋白质,且影响均不显著(P>0.05);对胸肌率的影响,是能量>蛋白质>互作,且影响不显著(P>0.05)。③第7组(低能高蛋白组)在生长性能和经济效益方面均较佳。因此,推荐5￣10周龄仔鹅日粮能量、蛋白质水平分别为10.50MJ/kg、17%。     

日粮纤维水平对不同生长阶段籽鹅屠宰性能和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究日粮纤维水平对不同生长阶段籽鹅屠宰性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验将288只籽鹅随机分为4组,即4.00%、7.00%、10.00%、13.00%纤维组,分别在5,9,13周龄进行屠宰试验,测定籽鹅屠宰性能和血液生化指标。结果表明:13.00%纤维组籽鹅半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率最高(P0.05);籽鹅腿肌率随着生长时期的增长而降低(P0.05),籽鹅半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率随着生长时期的增长而升高(P0.05);4.00%纤维组籽鹅血液中尿素氮、总胆固醇和三酰甘油浓度最高,13.00%纤维组最低(P0.05),但它们均随着生长时期的增长而降低(P0.05);籽鹅血液中葡萄糖、总蛋白和白蛋白浓度不受日粮纤维水平和生长时期的影响(P0.05)。说明在13.00%日粮纤维水平下籽鹅的半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率最高;随着日粮纤维水平的升高,籽鹅血脂降低,氮沉积增加。     

性别对磐石灰鹅体尺、屠宰性能及二者之间相关性的影响

为了研究性别对磐石灰鹅体尺、屠宰性能及二者间相关性的影响,试验选择健康的10周龄磐石灰鹅40只(公母各半)为研究对象,测定公母鹅的体尺指标(包括体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、颈长、半潜水长、胸深、胸宽、髋骨宽、胫长)和屠宰性能指标(包括活体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率),分析公母鹅在体尺和屠宰性能及二者之间相关性方面的差异。结果表明：磐石灰鹅公鹅半潜水长极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),龙骨长显著高于母鹅(P<0.05),其他体尺指标公母鹅之间均差异不显著(P>0.05),但公鹅体斜长、胸宽、髋骨宽、胫长、颈长均高于母鹅。公母鹅屠宰率分别为92.22%和92.84%,全净膛率分别为74.95%和70.72%,公鹅的全净膛重和全净膛率均显著高于母鹅(P<0.05),公鹅胸肌率极显著低于母鹅(P<0.01),公鹅腿肌重极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),其他屠宰性能指标公母鹅之间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。公鹅半潜水长与体斜长之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),体斜长与胫长、半潜水长与龙骨长和...     

道州灰鹅生长性能及产肉性能的研究

为研究道州灰鹅生长性能及不同性别道州灰鹅的产肉规律,选用260只道州灰鹅分别在0~11周龄称重;11周龄末随机挑选公、母鹅各30只,测定屠宰性能并进行相关性分析。结果表明:道州灰鹅0~4周龄体重增长迅速,5~8周龄平稳上升并在第9周龄出现增长高峰,10~11周龄增长逐步放缓;道州灰鹅的料肉比在第2周龄出现增长高峰后,呈平稳下降趋势,直到9周龄后缓慢上升。11周龄道州灰鹅公鹅活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重、胸肌重、瘦肉重均极显著高于母鹅(P0.01),屠宰率、全净膛率、瘦肉率显著高于母鹅(P0.05);11周龄公鹅活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、瘦肉重之间均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);母鹅活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重、胸肌重、瘦肉重之间均呈显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)正相关;公、母鹅腹脂重与其他屠宰性能指标均无显著相关。由此可见,道州灰鹅生长较快,屠宰性能良好,但公、母鹅产肉性能存在差异,公鹅优于母鹅。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.