陇东黑山羊体尺和肉用性能测定

为研究陇东黑山羊的生长性状和肉用性能，本文选取成年陇东黑山羊公羊29只、母羊31只进行体重和体尺测定试验，其中1岁公羊10只、母羊5只，2岁公羊7只、母羊10只，3岁公羊6只、母羊11只，4岁公羊6只、母羊5只；另对18只6月龄陇东黑山羊进行屠宰性能测定，其中公羊7只，母羊11只。结果表明，成年公羊平均体重、体高、体长、胸围分别为38.98kg、63.20cm、61.30cm、79.75cm；成年母羊则分别为20.73kg、53.80cm、60.00cm、67.10cm。6月龄公羊的净肉率为36.98%，屠宰率为45.55%，肉骨比为4.32∶1；母羊则分别为36.80%、45.51%和4.23∶1。以上结果说明，陇东黑山羊公、母羊均在3岁时出现生长拐点，之后基本趋于平衡，生产性能达到峰值，且6月龄公、母羊的屠宰率和净肉率差异不明显。     

营山黑山羊种质特性初步研究

营山黑山羊是长期的自然选择和人工选择形成的优良山羊类群。通过测定、收集并整理营山黑山羊生长发育、繁殖、产肉性能等资料,对营山黑山羊种质特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:营山黑山羊体型偏小,成年公羊体高、体长和胸围分别为66.30cm、65.35cm和77.58cm,成年母羊体高、体长和胸围分别为58.71cm、66.29cm和78.28cm;早期生长速度快,6月龄公、母羊体重达成年体重的51.42%和51.76%;繁殖率高,平均产羔率为220.48%;产肉性能好,6月龄母羊屠宰率45.04%、净肉率34.07%,公羊屠宰率44.26%、净肉率34.23%;食性广、耐粗饲、抗病力强,对环境有较强的适应性。在今后的利用中,建议重点挖掘早期生长潜能,推行6~8月龄育肥出栏,朝肥羔山羊生产方向发展,提高产业经济效益。     

安徽白山羊的体性状和肉用性能测定

对安徽白山羊的体性状和肉用性能进行了测定.公羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均体高分别为42.10,46.35,47.66和55.65 cm;母羊4,6,8月龄和成年的平均体高分别为40.08,43.76,45.90和63.30 cm;羯羊48.30cm.公羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均体长分别为44.24,49.22,50.75和65.00cm;母羊4,6,8月龄和成年的平均体长分别为41.91,46.28,50.06和67.2cm;羯羊45.70 cm.公羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均胸围分别为50.08,52.98,56.04和65.00 cm;母羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均胸围分别为45.74,49.5,53.33和74.00 cm;羯羊50.00cm.公羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均管围分别为6.48,6.78,6.85和7.20 cm;母羊4,6,8月龄和成年时的平均管围分别为6.10,6.36,6.61 cm和7.80 cm;羯羊6.78 cm;公羊4,6,8,12月龄的平均宰前体重分别为9.36,12.51,14.59和18.10 kg;母羊4,6,8月龄、成年的平均宰前体重分别为7.73,9.67,12.40和26.50 kg;羯羊11.45 kg;12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均空体重分别为16.66,23.78,10.09kg.平均屠宰率(依宰前活重)12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均屠宰率(依宰前活重)分别为51.11%、49.06%、48.13%.12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均屠宰率(依空活重)分别为54.50%、54.67%、54.49%.12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均净肉率分别为34.31%、35.64%、33.50%.12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均肉骨比分别为1:2.10、1:2.70、1:2.85.12月龄公羊、成年母羊、羯羊的平均眼肌面积分别为8.40,8.05,2.96 cm2.     

鲁西黑头羊生长发育规律研究

经测定鲁西黑头羊3月龄断奶体重公羔32.58±3.21 kg,母羔30.78±3.03 kg。6月龄公羊体重49.39±4.58 kg,母羊45.60±4.39 kg,分别达到成年体重的48.05%、59.39%。周岁公羊体重87.26±5.42 kg,母羊65.12±6.46kg,分别达到成年体重的84.90%和84.81%。成年公羊体重102.78±9.50 kg,母羊体重76.78±7.39 kg。周岁公羊体高、体长、胸围和管围分别达到成年羊体尺的88.24%、93.92%、92.92%和91.59%;周岁母羊分别达到成年体尺的95.47%、95.04%、91.99%和96.23%。成年公羊体高83.87±7.48 cm,体长98.68±4.57 cm;成年母羊体高70.41±4.41cm,体长88.49±5.38 cm。整体分析,出生至六月龄体重呈直线上升趋势,公羊生长趋势强于母羊,8月龄后体重生长速度减缓;各项体尺生长发育成熟顺序,公羊依次为胸围、体长、体高;母羊依次为体高、体长、胸围。     

贵州白山羊生长发育规律研究

为探讨贵州白山羊生长发育规律,选择同期出生、体重相近的羔羊,在自然放牧条件下进行全程跟踪测定分析。结果表明:贵州白山羊公羔初生重1.75 kg±0.15 kg、母羔1.72 kg±0.11 kg;成年公羊体重37.46 kg±2.97 kg、体高56.43 cm±3.06 cm、体长61.19 cm±4.01 cm、胸围70.85 cm±3.82 cm,成年母羊体重34.13 kg±2.45 kg、体高54.36 cm±3.15 cm、体长59.48 cm±4.80 cm、胸围72.12 cm±3.21 cm;9月龄公羊体重23.29 kg±1.21 kg、体高48.46 cm±2.79 cm、体长51.14 cm±3.14 cm、胸围59.04 cm±3.36 cm,分别达到成年公羊的62.17%、85.88%、83.58%和83.33%;9月龄母羊体重21.24 kg±1.71 kg、体高47.64 cm±2.81 cm、体长50.09 cm±2.96 cm、胸围61.69 cm±3.07 cm,分别达到成年母羊的62.23%、87.64%、84.21%和85.54%。说明贵州白山羊公、母羊均应选择9月龄为适宜配种繁殖年龄。     

鲁中肉羊生长发育规律研究

经测定鲁中肉羊初生重公羔3.56±0.68 kg,母羔3.17±0.67 kg;3月龄断奶体重公羔22.13±5.97 kg,母羔19.81±4.99 kg。6月龄公羊体重33.73±6.32 kg,母羊32.1±5.49 kg。周岁公羊体重83.55±6.69 kg,母羊62.35±5.85kg。成年公羊体重100.39±7.18 kg,母羊体重70.94±6.60 kg。成年公羊体高73.09±4.38 cm,体长87.13±6.81 cm;成年母羊体高61.43±3.05 cm,体长70.76±5.00 cm。整体分析,各项体尺指标增长趋势胸围体长体高;公羊初生至周岁体重增长趋势高于母羊。     

贵州白山羊生长发育规律研究

为了探讨贵州白山羊的生长发育规律,试验以同期出生、体重相近的166只羔羊为研究对象,在自然放牧条件下,进行全程跟踪测定。结果表明:贵州白山羊公、母羔羊初生重分别为(1.75±0.15)kg、(1.72±0.11)kg;成年公羊的体重、体高、体长和胸围分别为(37.46±2.97)kg、(56.43±3.06)cm、(61.19±4.01)cm和(70.85±3.82)cm,成年母羊的体重、体高、体长和胸围分别为(34.13±2.45)kg、(54.36±3.15)cm、(59.48±4.80)cm和(72.12±3.21)cm;9月龄时公羊的体重、体高、体长和胸围分别为(23.29±1.21)kg、(48.46±2.79)cm、(51.14±3.14)cm和(59.04±3.36)cm,分别达到成年公羊的62.17%、85.88%、83.58%和83.33%,母羊的体重、体高、体长和胸围分别为(21.24±1.71)kg、(47.64±2.81)cm、(50.09±2.96)cm和(61.69±3.07)cm,分别达到成年母羊的62.23%、87.64%、84.21%和85.54%。因此,贵州白山羊公、母羊的初配年龄应为9月龄。试验为贵州白山羊品种资源的合理利用、制定饲养管理方法和指导山区肉羊产业发展提供科学依据。     

影响中国地方绵羊品种生产性能的生态因子研究

为研究生态因子对中国地方绵羊品种生产性能的影响,采集了42个中国地方绵羊品种的生产性能指标及其所在地的生态因子数据,建立了中国地方绵羊品种生态因子对生产性能的回归方程。结果表明,年均日照时数是影响地方绵羊生产性能最主要的生态因子,年均降水量、无霜期和平均海拔对地方绵羊的生产性能有一定影响。年均日照时数极显著影响公母羊成年体重、成年体高、成年体长、成年胸围、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率和初生羔重(P<0.01);年均降水量极显著影响公母羊成年体长、屠宰率、净肉率,母羊成年体高和成年胸围(P<0.01),显著影响公羊成年胸围和宰前活重(P<0.05);无霜期极显著影响公羊成年体高(P<0.01),显著影响公母羊成年胸围、公羊屠宰率和母羊成年体高(P<0.05);平均海拔显著影响公羊宰前活重和胴体重(P<0.05)。研究结果对于中国地方绵羊的遗传育种与开发利用具有一定参考价值。     

简阳黑山羊资源调查及种质特性测定

为进一步挖掘简阳黑山羊遗传资源潜力,笔者开展了简阳黑山羊资源调查和种质特性测定工作。调查结果显示:简阳市现存栏简阳黑山羊15 394只,其中公羊2 434只、母羊9 018只;6月龄体重公羊为30.67kg,母羊为24.70 kg;周岁体重公羊为48.67 kg,母羊为35.57 kg;成年体重公羊为70.87kg,母羊为50.57kg;经产母羊产羔率达243.33%;周岁胴体重公羊为24.68 kg,母羊为16.70 kg;净肉重公羊为19.49 kg,母羊为13.18 kg;屠宰率公羊为54.26%,母羊为47.75%;净肉率公羊为42.84%,母羊为37.67%。     

湖羊选育羊与普通湖羊的生长性能的比较

试验旨在研究湖州市南浔区选育的选育湖羊与普通湖羊在体重,体长,体高,胸围,管围以及睾丸周长等生长性状是否有提升。选取二月龄、四月龄、六月龄的的选育湖羊与普通湖羊按照公母进行分组,每组各10只,用excel记录体高、体长、管围、胸围、睾丸周长(公羊)指标,再用SPSS 17软件进行方差分析,结果表明,不同月龄的选育湖羊公羊与普通湖羊公羊相比,体重、胸围、管围差异显著(P0.05)。体长、体高、睾丸周长差异不显著(P0.05),二至六月龄的选育湖羊母羊与普通湖羊母羊相比,体重、胸围、管围、体高、体长差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明选育湖羊生长性状有显著提升效果,母羊较公羊提升较大。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.