45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦纹枯病和蚜虫的防治效果

为了解45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的防治效果及推广用量,室内试验以辽春10号为材料,研究了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦生长发育的影响及对纹枯病的防效;田间试验以济麦22和中麦895为试验材料,探索了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC防治小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的推广剂量。结果发现,133~800g·100kg-1种子的45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号发芽率、株高、根长及鲜重无明显影响;400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号小麦纹枯病有较好防效。400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对中麦869纹枯病防效为66.4%~86.7%,明显高于对照药剂;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为95.8~97.3%,防效与对照药剂无明显差异;对济麦22纹枯病防效为55.8~62.7%,与对照药剂无明显差异;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为80.2~90.1%,与对照药剂无明显差异。45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病具有良好防治效果,推荐剂量为400~800g·100kg-1种子。     

4种药剂对水稻褐飞虱的田间防治效果比较

选用50%烯啶虫胺可溶性粒剂、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂、9.7%乙虫腈悬浮剂和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治水稻褐飞虱的田间药效试验。结果表明,每667m2使用50%烯啶虫胺可溶粒剂4 g,药后1 d和3 d对水稻褐飞虱的防效分别为25.70%、81.22%,速效性稍差,但7 d和14 d对水稻褐飞虱的防效达97.06%、88.32%,明显优于其他药剂,持效作用突出;每667m2使用25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂20 g和9.7%乙虫腈悬浮剂31 ml,药后14 d的防效均达86%以上;3种药剂防治水稻褐飞虱均具有较好的防效性和持效性,且对水稻安全,在生产上可作为防治水稻褐飞虱的药剂交替使用。     

几种防治早稻稻飞虱农药的田间效果对比试验

为了验证呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、哌虫啶、吡蚜·哌虫啶、吡蚜酮·醚菊酯等杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱的防治效果,设置了对比试验。结果表明:25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂、25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂、10%哌虫啶悬浮剂、30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂对水稻稻飞虱均有较好的防效。30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂、25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂等4种药剂的持续防效最好,药后21 d防效都在95. 84%以上。     

甲维·毒死蜱防治稻纵卷叶螟田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,25%甲维.毒死蜱EW对稻纵卷叶螟有较好的防治效果,使用25%甲维·毒死蜱EW 60～80 ml/667m2药后16 d防效为73.85%～82.01%,与对照药剂1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 60 ml/667m2防效79.99%和40%毒死蜱EC 100 ml/667m2防效76.01%相当或略高,能有效控制稻纵卷叶螟的发生为害,可以推荐使用。     

11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂对棉花立枯病的防治效果

为了明确11%（质量分数，下同）精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂对棉花立枯病的田间防治效果，以3种单剂即350 g·L^－1精甲霜灵种子处理乳剂、10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂和25 g·L^－1咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂的高、中、低常用剂量作为药剂对照，以清水处理为空白对照，开展11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂制剂高（4.4 g·kg^－1）、中（3.3 g·kg^－1）、低（2.2 g·kg^－1）用量的种子包衣处理防治棉花立枯病试验。结果表明：4种杀菌剂3个剂量的防治效果表现为11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂＞25 g·L^－1咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂＞10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂＞350 g·L^－1精甲霜灵种子处理乳剂，其中11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂在高剂量时防治效果达到84.03%；各处理对棉苗生长安全。以上结果可为应用该类药剂防治棉花立枯病提供科学依据。     

寒地水稻褐变穗防治药剂效果研究

通过不同药剂对水稻褐变穗相对防效试验的研究,结果表明,参试的5种药剂中对水稻褐变穗相对防效最好的是2%加收米,相对防效61.5%,水稻产量最高,达到664.3kg/667 m2,较对照增产57.4 kg/667 m2,增产率9.5%。     

几种药剂对铜绿丽金龟的杀卵作用研究

为筛选对金龟甲卵毒力高、持续控制效果好的药剂,采用毒土法测定了几种代表性药剂对铜绿丽金龟卵的毒力及对不同发育时期卵的毒力差异,并评价了药剂对卵的持续杀卵作用及综合控制效果。结果表明,虫酰肼的杀卵活性最高,LC_(50)为8.620 mg/kg,噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪次之,LC_(50)分别为15.776、19.249和22.669 mg/kg,毒力均高于常用药剂辛硫磷;而氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈的毒力较低。药剂对不同时期卵毒力以对1日龄卵的毒力最高,对5日龄卵次之,对9日龄卵的毒力最低。3种药剂卵期处理的综合防效及持效性以噻虫胺最好,以有效成分33.33mg/kg处理30d时,综合防效仍达95.88%;虫酰肼次之,以有效成分33.33mg/kg处理20 d时综合防效为75.00%;辛硫磷最差。因此,噻虫胺用于防治花生田铜绿丽金龟甲具有好的推广应用价值。     

复方适乐时拌种防治小麦纹枯病和全蚀病的试验研究

1999～ 2 0 0 0年分别在自然病地和土壤混合接菌条件下 ,应用 10 %复方适乐时悬浮种衣剂拌种进行防治小麦纹枯病和全蚀病试验。结果表明 ,复方适乐时以 10 0kg麦种拌 16 7、2 0 0、2 5 0ml和对照药剂 10 %三唑醇可湿性粉剂按种子重量 0 .4 %拌种 4个处理防效显著 ;以复方适乐时悬浮种衣剂 2 5 0ml/ 10 0kg种子拌种防效最高 ,对纹枯病平均防效 5 4 .36 %～ 6 4 .0 3% ,对全蚀病平均防效 6 4 .33% ,增产幅度为 16 .99%～ 2 2 .32 %。复方适乐时拌种比三唑醇拌种安全性高 ,对小麦生长和发育无不良影响     

新技术处理水稻种子试验总结

用强的纳米863生物助长器处理水稻浸种用水与普通水浸种做比较试验,通过恶苗病发病率调查可以看出,处理比对照节约用药20%左右,并且对恶苗病防效可达100%,解决了常用浸种药剂抗药性下降的问题,并同时起到节本增效的作用。     

几种药剂防治水稻纹枯病药效试验

以3种药剂:240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂300 g/hm2、300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油300 g/hm2和27.8%噻呋酰胺·己唑醇悬浮剂375 ml/hm2为供试药剂,对水稻灌浆期纹枯病进行药效试验,药后20 d株防效均达到81.71%~89.83%,药后35 d的株防效和病指防效分别达到90.61%~92.79%和93.11%~94.17%,均明显好于对照药剂10%井冈霉素水剂,供试药剂对水稻生长发育无不良影响,3者均有减轻纹枯病危害、提高水稻产量的作用,其中以240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂300 g/hm2和300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑可湿性粉剂300 g/hm2增产效果较好,尤以240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂的防效最佳,增产效果最为明显,建议大面积示范应用。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

龙眼种质资源果实经济性状的稳定性评价

为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。