猪脂肪特异性蛋白27基因的克隆与序列分析

基于电子延伸序列,本试验克隆并分析了猪脂肪特异性蛋白27(fat specific protein 27)基因.各种组织提取总RNA,利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR,PCR产物与pMD19-T连接后转化E. coli JM109 ,检测阳性克隆并测序。猪FSP27基因的cDNA 序列,其全长为745bp,开放阅读框为11-727bp,编码有238个氨基酸。同源分析结果表明,猪FSP27的核酸序列与人、小鼠和牛的同源性分别为86%、77.6%、82.3%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为83.2%、74.4%、79.3% 。组织分布结果显示：猪FSP27基因在多种组织均有分布。克隆的猪FSP27基因并注册GenBank (Accession.EU395789)。     

猪干扰素IFNE1基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

依据电子延伸序列设计一对克隆引物,用RT-PCR法从猪胃组织扩增出猪干扰素epsilon 1(IFNE1)基因的完整编码区并进行序列分析;再根据克隆的序列设计一对表达引物,用PCR法从重组克隆载体中扩增出含EcoRI/XhoI酶切位点的猪IFNE1片段,插入原核表达载体,转化至宿主菌,诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定融合蛋白。结果表明,克隆的猪IFNE1基因包含完整的开放阅读框架,长为586 bp,ORF为582 bp,编码193个氨基酸,与人、小鼠的同源性分别为83.6%和69.2%,推测的氨基酸序列与人、小鼠的同源性分别为76.2%和55.2%,表达的融合蛋白分子量约为47 kDa。     

猪Musclin基因片段克隆与序列分析

【研究目的】克隆并分析猪musclin基因；【方法】肌肉组织提取总RNA，利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR，PCR产物与pMD19-T连接后转化E. coli DH5α，检测阳性克隆并测序；【结果】克隆的猪musclin基因片段与人、大鼠、小鼠同源性分别为86%、78%、75%，预测的氨基酸序列含有“KKKR”结构和与小鼠ANP、BNP、CNP蛋白的同源性区域；【结论】克隆了猪musclin基因片段并注册GenBank (Accession.EF369511)。     

绵羊Gastorkine-1基因的克隆与序列分析

基于电子延伸序列,克隆并分析了绵羊Gastorkine-1基因。提取皱胃黏膜组织总RNA,利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR,PCR产物与pMD19-T载体连接后转化E.coliJM109感受态细胞,检测阳性克隆并测序。克隆的绵羊Gas-torkine-1基因长619 bp,编码185个氨基酸,与人、小鼠、猪、牛的同源性分别为82.0%,48.8%,85.4%,96.9%,推测的氨基酸序列信号肽为1~20 aa,BRICHOS结构域为54~150 aa,结构特征与人、小鼠、猪、牛的Gastorkine-1相一致。     

鸡集落刺激因子(CSF)基因的克隆、序列分析及蛋白结构预测

根据GenBank中报道的红原锦鸡集落刺激因子(Colony-stimulating factor,CSF)cDNA序列,利用Primer Premier5.0软件设计一对特异性引物,对本地肉鸡注射100 μg/mL ConA试剂,饲养24 h后,取脾脏提取淋巴细胞总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆集落刺激因子(CSF)的cDNA片段.对克隆片段进行测序,并利用DNAstar软件进行不同物种间同源性比较.序列分析表明,CSF的cDNA开放阅读框为435 bp,编码144个氨基酸,与红原锦鸡的序列比较,其核苷酸的同源性为98.4%,氨基酸的同源性为95.2%,同人、犬、印度野牛、野猪、绵羊和老鼠的CSF序列作比较,其核苷酸的同源性分别为28.7%,29.2%,33.6%,30.8%,29.4%和34.7%,氨基酸的同源性分别为8.3%,9.0%,15.3%,12.4%,11.0%和12.0%.然后利用DNAstar和DNAman软件,对鸡CSF的结构进行预测,结果表明,鸡CSF基因为一结构松散的蛋白分子.鸡的CSF基因被成功克隆,它存在着种属特异性.这为进一步研究该基因的生物学作用特别是利用CSF增强DNA疫苗的免疫效果奠定了基础.     

鸡IL-2基因的克隆、序列分析及蛋白结构预测

根据GenBank中已发表的鸡白细胞介素2 (IL-2)mRNA基因序列,利用Premier 5.0软件设计一对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术,以ConA刺激的鸡外周血淋巴细胞为材料,从总RNA中扩增出鸡IL-2基因。经琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示扩增片段约为432 bp,分离纯化片段,克隆入pMD-18T载体,转化DH5α感受态细胞,获得阳性重组质粒,经酶切鉴定,测序结果显示,我们得到了长432bp的基因,含有一个 432bp的开放阅读框,编码143个氨基酸。生物软件分析结果表明该序列与GenBank中发表的鸡的IL-2的核苷酸序列同源性为98.8%,与黄牛、马、鸡、绵羊、牛、犬、人、山羊、鼠、水牛的核苷酸同源性分别为31.2%、28.2%、27.3%、30.6%、26.2%、31.7%、30.1%、30.8%、26.6%、30.6%。与GenBank中发表的鸡IL-2编码的氨基酸序列同源性为95.8%,与上述动物的氨基酸序列同源性分别为7.6%、7.6%、9.7%、7.6%、6.9%、10.4%、11.8%、7.6%、9.0%、7.6%、10.4% 。这表明鸡的IL-2基因被成功克隆,它存在着种属特异性。这为进一步研究该基因的生物学作用特别是利用IL-2增强DNA疫苗的免疫效果奠定了基础。     

猪骨形态发生蛋白4成熟肽cDNA的克隆及序列分析

目的：克隆猪骨形态发生蛋白4（BMP-4）成熟肽基因。方法：提取猪肾的总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术扩增出目的基因,并将其回收后与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,进行阳性克隆的筛选与鉴定。结果：琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RT-PCR产物,显示结果与预期片段大小一致,质粒PCR检测、酶切鉴定证实重组克隆中插入了PCR产物,测序结果揭示BMP-4成熟肽cDNA长为351bp,编码116个氨基酸。序列对比表明,猪与人、小鼠、牛、绵羊BMP-4成熟肽cDNA序列的同源性分别为94.87%、90.60%、94.87%、94.59%,而相应的氨基酸同源性分别为99.12 %,99.12 %,100 %、100%。 结论：首次成功地克隆了猪BMP-4成熟肽编码基因,对于进一步研究猪BMP-4全基因结构、功能及其与繁殖性能的关系有重要的意义。     

兔CCR10基因的克隆与序列分析

摘 要：【研究目的】克隆并分析兔CCR10基因;【方法】基于电子延伸序列,设计1对克隆引物,兔盲肠黏膜组织提取总RNA,进行RT-PCR,将PCR产物与pMD19-T载体连接后转化E.coli JM109感受态细胞、检测阳性克隆、测序并进行序列分析。【结果】克隆的兔CCR10 基因长为723bp,编码由241个氨基酸残基组成的CCR10前体蛋白,三级结构预测表明CCR10具有一个多克隆免疫球蛋白区（PIG-X）。克隆的兔CCR10基因与绵羊、人的同源性分别为89.6%、89.9%,推导的氨基酸序列与绵羊、人的同源性分别为94.2%、93.8%,结构特征与绵羊、人的相一致。【结论】克隆了兔CCR10基因并注册GenBank (Accession. EU348829)。     

CD147基因在家兔肠道的克隆与结构预测

基于电子延伸序列,克隆并分析兔CD147基因.采用兔十二指肠黏膜组织提取总RNA,进行RT-PCR反应,测序并进行结构预测.克隆的兔CD147基因包含一个完整的开放阅读框架,全长为810 bp,编码由270个氨基酸残基组成的CD147前体蛋白,推导的氨基酸序列信号肽为1～16个氨基酸.氨基酸序列与牛、人、褐鼠、野猪的同源性分别为62.5%,65.9%,59.5%和66.3%,三级结构预测表明CD147具有2个免疫球蛋白类似区.试验成功克隆了兔CD147基因,注册到GenBank(Accession.EU650668),并预测其三级结构,为进一步研究其生物学功能奠定基础.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.