免疫应激对不同品种仔猪免疫应答能力的影响

通过对莱芜猪、鲁莱猪及大约克夏断奶仔猪注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS),以探讨免疫应激对免疫功能的影响。试验分别选用12头体重为(13.6±0.5)kg的莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和大约克夏猪,2×3因子设计,即免疫应激处理(注射LPS或生理盐水)和品种类型(莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和大约克夏猪)。于试验第1天,每品种中的6头猪注射200μg/kg体重的LPS,6头注射生理盐水作对照,并进行猪瘟疫苗接种。注射LPS后第2、7和14天,采血测定淋巴细胞转化率;测定注射LPS前1 d和注射LPS后第7、14天的猪瘟抗体水平。结果LPS刺激第2天的猪,淋巴细胞转化率显著高于生理盐水组(P0.01),莱芜猪的淋巴细胞转化率(P0.05)显著高于大约克;免疫应激对不同品种仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平的变化无差显著性影响(P0.05)。表明LPS能够有效刺激不同品种猪的细胞免疫机能;在免疫应激作用下,不同品种仔猪免疫应答能力有差异。     

免疫应激对不同品种仔猪白介素-1β、皮质醇和生长激素的影响

试验选用体重(12.6±0.7)kg的健康莱芜猪、鲁莱和大约克夏仔猪各12头,每个品种随机分对照组和试验组,每组6头。试验组腹膜注射200μg/kg体重的脂多糖(LPS),对照组注射等量生理盐水。于注射前、后采血,测定血浆中白介素-1β(IL-1β)、皮质醇和生长激素(GH)含量。结果表明:用LPS刺激后2、4h和7h每个品种的试验组与对照组相比,血浆中IL-1β和皮质醇含量均显著提高(P0.05),GH含量均降低,且LPS刺激后2h的GH水平显著降低(P0.05)。3个品种猪相比,莱芜猪在LPS刺激后2h时IL-1β、皮质醇的升高幅度和GH降低幅度均最小,与大约克夏猪相比差异均显著(P0.05)。结果显示,用LPS进行免疫应激,不同品种猪抗应激能力不同,莱芜猪相对于引进品种、地方品种有较强的抗免疫应激能力。     

猪肌肉中胶原蛋白特性及其与肉质性状关系的研究

为探讨肉质特性的形成和调控机制,为地方猪种的选育和利用提供依据,以莱芜猪(24头)、鲁莱黑猪(24头)和大约克夏猪(12头)共60头去势公猪为试验对象,研究肌肉中胶原蛋白特性及其与肉质性状的关系。结果表明,莱芜猪肌肉总胶原蛋白、可溶性胶原蛋白、不溶性胶原蛋白和胶原蛋白溶解度均显著高于鲁莱黑猪和大约克夏猪,鲁莱黑猪肌肉胶原蛋白含量及其溶解度显著高于大约克夏猪(P<0.05)。在肉质特性方面,不同品种猪间的滴水损失、系水率、烹饪损失、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量具有极显著差异(P<0.01),与大约克夏猪相比,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌肉具有良好的系水力、较强的抗氧化性。猪肌肉胶原蛋白含量和溶解度与系水力、嫩度和抗氧化性能等重要肉质性状间存在不同程度的显著相关(P<0.05或0.01)。结果提示,肌肉胶原蛋白含量的增加及其溶解度的下降,能够改善肌肉的系水力,但同时也降低肌肉的嫩度;并且肌肉胶原蛋白含量的增加有利于提高肌肉的抗氧化性能。     

猪宰后肌肉SOD与MDA的变化及其对肉质特性的影响

以莱芜猪(24头)、鲁莱黑猪(24头)和大约克夏猪(12头)共60头去势公猪为试验对象,研究宰后肌肉SOD活性与MDA含量的变化及其对肉质特性的影响。结果表明:①猪宰后肌肉随贮存时间的延长,肌肉SOD活性逐渐下降,MDA含量则逐渐上升;不同品种猪间的SOD活性和MDA含量,除MDA5 d差异不显著外(P0.05),其余均具有极显著的差异(P0.01),并且SOD活性始终是莱芜猪鲁莱黑猪大约克夏猪,MDA含量则是莱芜猪鲁莱黑猪大约克夏猪。②在肉质特性方面,不同品种猪间的肉色、滴水损失、系水率、烹饪损失、肌内脂肪(IMF)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量具有极显著的差异(P0.01),与大约克夏猪相比,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌肉具有鲜红的肉色、良好的持水性能、较丰富的IMF含量和较低的PUFA含量。③猪宰后肌肉SOD、MDA与持水性能、肉色、嫩度等重要肉质性状间存在不同程度的显著相关,证明SOD活性越高和MDA含量越低的肌肉,其系水力越高、肉色越鲜艳,并且肉质越细嫩。研究结果提示:猪宰后肌肉SOD通过消除或降低氧自由基而抑制脂质氧化,参与调控了肉质特性的形成。     

鸡大肠杆菌活的非可培养状态发生相关基因克隆与分析

以莱芜猪（24头）、鲁莱黑猪（24头）和大约克夏猪（12头）共60头去势公猪为试验对象，研究宰后肌肉SOD活性与MDA含量的变化及其对肉质特性的影响。结果表明：①猪宰后肌肉随贮存时间的延长．肌肉SOD活性逐渐下降，MDA含量则逐渐上升；不同品种猪间的SOD活性和MDA含量，     

鲁莱黑猪培育及推广

鲁莱黑猪品种育成是莱芜市畜牧兽医局利用我国优良地方品种莱芜猪与国外生长性能高、繁殖性能也较好的大约克夏猪通过杂交建系、横交固定、定向培育而成。育种素材为莱芜猪和大约克夏。经过国家“七五”、“八五”期间等课题选育,莱芜猪核心群已达150头,     

鲁莱黑猪

获奖产品介绍鲁莱黑猪是利用我国优良地方品种莱芜猪与国外大约克夏猪通过杂交培育所得的生产优质肉猪的专门化母本新品种。     

鲁莱黑猪的种质特性和遗传多样性

莱芜猪是国内知名的地方猪品种,隶属于黄淮海黑猪类群。鲁莱黑猪是莱芜猪与大约克夏猪通过杂交培育而成的地方黑猪新品种。新品种具备高繁殖性、耐粗饲、瘦肉率高、肌内脂肪含量高、肉质好等种质特性。鲁莱黑猪作为杂交母本与长白猪、杜洛克猪等杂交后,其后代生长速度快、瘦肉率高、肉质好,是生产高端猪肉的优良品种。鲁莱黑猪在2005年通过国家畜禽品种审定,2006年获原农业部鲁莱黑猪新品种证书。     

鲁莱黑猪培育及推广

<正>鲁莱黑猪品种育成是莱芜市畜牧兽医局利用我国优良地方品种莱芜猪与国外生长性能高、繁殖性能也较好的大约克夏猪通过杂交建系、横交固定、定向培育而成。育种素材为莱芜猪和大约克夏。经过国家"七五"、"八五"期间等课题选育,莱芜猪核心群已达150头,生产群8 000头规模,母本莱芜猪就是从这150头核心群中选择具备繁殖性高、哺乳力强、耐粗抗病的优秀个体。     

低蛋白日粮添加合成氨基酸对鲁莱生长猪氮平衡和氨基酸消化率的影响

试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮添加不同种类合成氨基酸对培育品种鲁莱猪生长猪氮平衡及氨基酸消化率的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用平均体重为(35.00±1.05)kg的健康鲁莱阉公猪4头,回肠末端手术安装简单T型瘘管。对照组饲喂高蛋白质水平(粗蛋白为16.50%,可消化赖氨酸为0.78%)日粮,3个试验组分别饲喂添加赖氨酸+苏氨酸+蛋氨酸、赖氨酸+苏氨酸和赖氨酸+蛋氨酸的低蛋白质水平(粗蛋白为13.50%,可消化赖氨酸为0.78%)日粮。结果表明:低蛋白添加3种合成氨基酸组粪氮排出量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),尿氮排出量显著低于高蛋白组(P0.05),与其他低蛋白组相比差异不显著(P0.05),氮表观消化率、氮沉积各组间差异均不显著(P0.05);低蛋白日粮添加3种合成氨基酸组总氨基酸消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。采用低蛋白(粗蛋白为13.50%)并同时添加适量合成氨基酸日粮饲喂鲁莱猪,可以显著降低粪氮和尿氮的排出,对氮利用率和回肠末端总氨基酸消化率影响不显著。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.