A common PDGF receptor is activated by homodimeric A and B forms of PDGF

The human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor complementary DNA was cloned and expressed by transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts. The ability of CHO cells expressing the human receptor complementary DNA (CHO-HR5) to interact with different recombinant forms of PDGF (AA and BB homodimers) was tested. Both forms of PDGF bind to the transfected receptor, stimulate the receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and elicit a mitogenic response in a manner that was indistinguishable from the responses of Balb/c 3T3 cells to AA and BB forms of PDGF can be attributed to a single type of receptor and show that the AA form, like the BB form, is a true mitogen.     

Commitment of mouse fibroblasts to adipocyte differentiation by DNA transfection

Cells of the mouse cell line 3T3-F442A can be induced by various hormones to differentiate into adipocytes, whereas cells of 3T3-C2, a subclone of 3T3, cannot. However, transfection of DNA from uninduced 3T3-F422A cells into 3T3-C2 cells permits recovery of 3T3-C2 transfectants that differentiate into adipocytes in the presence of insulin. DNA isolated from human fat tissue, when transfected into 3T3-C2 mouse cells, also gives rise to mouse transfectants that are induced to differentiate into adipocytes by the addition of insulin. Apparently, transfection of a trans-regulatory gene (or genes) from 3T3-F442A or human fat cells into 3T3-C2 cells is sufficient to commit 3T3-C2 cells to adipocyte differentiation.     

Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53

Mutations of the p53 gene occur commonly in colorectal carcinomas and the wild-type p53 allele is often concomitantly deleted. These findings suggest that the wild-type gene may act as a suppressor of colorectal carcinoma cell growth. To test this hypothesis, wild-type or mutant human p53 genes were transfected into human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Cells transfected with the wild-type gene formed colonies five- to tenfold less efficiently than those transfected with a mutant p53 gene. In those colonies that did form after wild-type gene transfection, the p53 sequences were found to be deleted or rearranged, or both, and no exogenous p53 messenger RNA expression was observed. In contrast, transfection with the wild-type gene had no apparent effect on the growth of epithelial cells derived from a benign colorectal tumor that had only wild-type p53 alleles. Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that carcinoma cells expressing the wild-type gene did not progress through the cell cycle, as evidenced by their failure to incorporate thymidine into DNA. These studies show that the wild-type gene can specifically suppress the growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and that an in vivo-derived mutation resulting in a single conservative amino acid substitution in the p53 gene product abrogates this suppressive ability.     

New method for detecting cellular transforming genes

Tumor induction in athymic nude mice can be used to detect dominant transforming genes in cellular DNA. Mouse NIH 3T3 cells freshly transfected with either cloned Moloney sarcoma proviral DNA or cellular DNA's derived from virally transformed cells induced tumors when injected into athymic nu/nu mice. Tumors were also induced by cells transfected with DNA from two tumor-derived and one chemically transformed human cell lines. The mouse tumors induced by human cell line DNA's contained human DNA sequences, and DNA derived from these tumors was capable of inducing both tumors and foci on subsequent transfection. Tumor induction in nude mice represents a useful new method for the detection and selection of cells transformed by cellular oncogenes.     

阳离子脂质体基因载体的细胞转染研究

研究阳离子脂质体在不同细胞中的转染效率及毒性。首先采用DNA延滞实验研究Lipofectamine2000、DOTAP转染试剂与DNA的结合能力。然后选用绿色荧光蛋白的质粒pGFP-N2作为报告基因模型和转染试剂制成复合物后转染Hela、7721、HT29细胞,比较多种因素对转染的影响。最后使用MTT比色法分析Lipofectamine2000、DOTAP转染试剂对细胞的毒性。随着复合物中转染试剂比例的增加,Lipofectamine2000、DOTAP与DNA结合能力逐渐增强。Lipofectamine2000在Hela细胞转染最高效率约72％;在7721、HT29细胞转染效率较低。DOTAP在3种细胞的转染效率都很低;在转染效率最高时2种转染试剂的细胞存活率均在90％以上。对商品化的转染试剂研究和讨论以期为阳离子类脂非病毒载体的研究提供参考。     

雌二醇依赖性的细胞表达载体的研究

 根据雌激素类化合物在机体内的作用机理，以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因为报告基因构建了4个启动子不同的表达载体(pERE-SV-EGFP, pERE-TA-EGFP, pERE-CMV-EGFP, pERE-TK-EGFP)。以这些表达载体瞬时转染MCF-7细胞，报告基因的基础表达与启动子的强度相关。以17β-雌二醇(E2 ,10-9 mol·L-1)诱导表达载体瞬时转染的MCF-7细胞，发现在表达载体pERE-TA-EGFP、pERE-TK-EGFP、pERE-SV-EGFP转染的MCF-7细胞中，E2能诱导2倍以上的报告基因的表达。这表明在这些瞬时表达系统中报告基因的表达是雌激素依赖性的，因此这些表达载体可用于稳定转染以建立稳定表达分析系统。     

猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体的构建及其功能鉴定

【目的】利用正负筛选策略,构建猪肌肉生长抑素（Myostatin,MSTN）基因的双筛选标记打靶载体。【方法】以猪胎儿成纤维细胞DNA为模板,PCR扩增MSTN基因同源长、短臂;采用PCR和Overlap PCR扩增打靶载体正筛选标记嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因。以pUC57载体为骨架载体,在其多克隆位点连接一段包括Frt序列在内的酶切位点的多克隆位点序列,在2个Frt序列之间连接正筛选标记嘌呤霉素基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因,在Frt序列两侧分别连接5.7和1.9 kb的MSTN基因同源长、短臂;在同源短臂后连接负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,将目的片段与载体定向连接克隆。用脂质体法将打靶载体转染猪肾细胞（PK15细胞）,用嘌呤霉素和丙氧鸟苷进行正负筛选,验证正负筛选标记基因的功能。【结果】成功克隆了猪MSTN基因同源长、短臂及正筛选嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体,打靶载体长14 kb。在打靶载体转染的PK15细胞中,正负筛选标记基因均有生物学活性。【结论】成功构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术构建STING基因敲除猪肺泡巨噬细胞系及其对Ⅰ型干扰素转录的影响

【目的】阐明干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)在猪抗病原微生物感染中的作用机制,为猪传染性胃肠炎、流行性腹泻和猪伪狂犬病等病毒性疾病的科学防控提供参考依据。【方法】基于CRISPR/Cas9技术,在STING基因第4、第8外显子中寻找高分靶点并设计sgRNA序列,将退火的sgRNA与酶切的LentiCRISPRv2载体用T4 DNA连接酶连接以获得LentiCRISPRv2-STING-sgRNA慢病毒载体(STING-sgRNA);以不同的STING-sgRNA慢病毒载体组合及包装质粒psPAX2和包膜质粒pMD2.G共同转染293T细胞,得到含sgRNA的慢病毒再转染3D4/21细胞;经嘌呤霉素筛选和有限稀释法获得单克隆细胞株,通过PCR、测序及Western blotting鉴定STING基因的敲除效果;并采用实时荧光定量PCR验证STING基因敲除对I型干扰素表达的影响。【结果】以不同的STING-sgRNA慢病毒载体组合与HA-STING过表达载体共同转染293T细胞,均能在细胞内对STING真核表达载体产生编辑效果,且以STING-sgRNA(1+5)慢病毒载体组合的编辑效率最高。以编辑效率最高的STING-sgRNA(1+5)慢病毒载体组合及包装质粒psPAX2和包膜质粒pMD2.G共同转染293T细胞包装出慢病毒,再用慢病毒感染3D4/21细胞,结果获得1株STING基因大片段(4989 bp)缺失的3D4/21细胞株,Western blotting检测未发现STING蛋白,说明STING基因敲除3D4/21细胞(3D4/21-STING-/-)构建成功。与野生型3D4/21细胞相比,在转染副猪嗜血杆菌DNA刺激下,3D4/21-STING-/-细胞中的IFN-β基因转录水平显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】采用CRISPR/Cas9技术能成功大片段敲除3D4/21细胞中的STING基因,而导致STING基因功能丧失;STING基因敲除会导致细胞在病原微生物DNA刺激时Ⅰ型干扰素转录障碍,也提示STING基因可能是猪抗病原微生物感染的关键因子。     

小鼠TLR3基因双敲除打靶载体构建及巨噬细胞RAW264.7TLR3-/-细胞系的建立

[目的]建立Toll样受体3(TLR3)基因缺失的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞系,为探索狂犬病毒感染机体过程中TLR3在固有免疫反应中的作用机制提供理论依据.[方法]采用Golden Gate Kit试剂盒组装转录激活样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)打靶载体pTALEN-TLR3,经酶切和测序验证其连接正确后,通过脂质体瞬时转染RAW264.7细胞,转染后提取细胞DNA,用T7核酸内切酶酶切验证TALEN质粒剪切活性.[结果]TALENs左右臂分两部分连接,首先完成A、B部分的各自连接,然后分别将T1LA与T1LB、T1RA与T1RB、T2LA与T2LB、T2RA与T2RB连接,TALEN模块经过两次连接后的PCR鉴定结果显示,T1L、T1R和T2L的4个克隆均呈阳性,T2R有3个克隆呈阳性.T2L和T2R质粒共转染RAW264.7细胞后提取DNA为模板,经PCR扩增后用T7核酸内切酶进行酶切,酶切后的DNA电泳结果显示TALEN2剪切活性较强,共获得3条条带(931、555和376 bp).TALEN打靶载体pTALEN-TLR3转染RAW264.7细胞24 h后用胰酶进行消化,并加入800μg/mL G418进行筛选,7 d后获得细胞单克隆;挑选阳性细胞克隆进行T7核酸内切酶酶切鉴定及测序,结果发现4-1和4-40号细胞克隆为双敲细胞系,均缺失7 bp的核苷酸碱基,为非3整数倍碱基缺失,可造成后续基因移码突变,使细胞基因功能失活.[结论]通过TALEN技术可成功构建TLR3基因双敲除的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7TLR3-/-细胞系,且可用于狂犬病毒感染细胞后细胞因子和TLR3间的关系研究.     

慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因敲除

【目的】探索在慢羽鸡成纤维细胞中敲除ev21基因的可行性,净化鸡群内源性逆转录病毒,同时为快速培育缺失ev21基因的慢羽鸡配套系打下基础。【方法】根据ev21基因序列（KY235336）特点,分别在其5'和3'端各设计2个sgRNA,用于构建4种不同sgRNA的打靶质粒,筛选出在5'和3'端打靶效率较高的sgRNA。然后基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对ev21基因进行剪切,并通过同源重组方式以红色荧光蛋白（mCherry）的DNA片段（CAG-mCherry）替换ev21基因,实现对慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因定点敲除。【结果】在慢羽鸡成纤维细胞中能检测到ev21基因,构建的4种sgRNA（sgRNA1~sgRNA4）均能成功插入对应的打靶质粒中,经嘌呤霉素筛选及T7E1酶切检测,发现转染4种不同sgRNA打靶质粒后慢羽鸡成纤维细胞均有不同程度的死亡,其中又以sgRNA1和sgRNA3的基因敲除效率较高。同时针对同源位点左右同源臂构建表达mCherry的供体质粒,以其转染293T细胞12 h后均能表达出mCherry。以sgRNA1和sgRNA3打靶质粒及供体质粒共同转染慢羽鸡成纤维细胞,观察发现成纤维细胞内的mCherry持续表达,至转染后第30 d通过流式细胞仪分选收集红色荧光阳性成纤维细胞,并提取其总DNA进行PCR鉴定与基因测序,结果显示红色荧光阳性成纤维细胞中有目的片段（CAG-mCherry）插入,即以插入替换方式能实现对ev21基因的敲除。【结论】基于crispr/cas9基因编辑技术的基因敲除方法能成功敲除慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因,为培育缺失ev21基因的慢羽鸡品系提供技术支持。     

Detection of a cellular oncogene in spontaneous liver tumors of B6C3F1 mice

An active cellular oncogene was demonstrated in hepatocellular neoplasms arising spontaneously in 24-month-old B6C3F1 mice. DNA isolated from the tumorous tissue and transfected into NIH 3T3 cells showed an 82 percent (9 of 11 animals) frequency of foci induction. In contrast, DNA isolated from the surrounding nontumorous hepatic tissue from the same animals and DNA from other 24-month-old B6C3F1 mice without tumors did not cause transformation in the NIH 3T3 cell assay. This strain of mouse is used extensively in carcinogen bioassays, and the observed high frequency of transformation (82 percent, compared to 10 to 20 percent in humans) supports the concept that the B6C3F1 mouse is hypersusceptible to liver tumor development. It also emphasizes the need to further understand the mechanisms of oncogene activation in animals used for long-term studies of toxicity and oncogenicity before evaluating potential human risk.     

脂质体介导质粒DNA法转染藏鸡成纤维细胞的研究

采用Lipofectin阳离子脂质体介导质粒DNA转染藏鸡成纤维细胞,通过优化重组质粒转染细胞的各种参数以寻求最佳的转染条件。结果表明:6孔培养板中细胞汇合度达70%~80%时,用2μL脂质体介导1.5μg重组质粒转染10 h即可获得较满意的转染效率。说明Lipofectin能有效介导质粒pEGFP-N3转染藏鸡成纤维细胞,转染率与细胞生长汇合程度、脂质体包被质粒的浓度比例及转染时间直接相关。     

The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces filopodia in non-neuronal cells

The neuron-specific protein GAP-43 is associated with the membrane of the nerve growth cone and thus may be important to the activity of this distinctive neuronal structure. Transient transfection of COS and NIH 3T3 cells with appropriate vectors resulted in expression of GAP-43 in these non-neuronal cells; as in neurons, transfected GAP-43 associated with the membrane. In addition, many long fine filopodial processes extended from the periphery of such transfected cells. Stable CHO cell lines expressing GAP-43 also exhibited processes that were more numerous, far longer, and more complex than those of CHO cell lines not transfected or transfected with control plasmids. Thus GAP-43 may directly contribute to growth cone activity by regulating cell membrane structure and enhancing extension of filopodial processes.     

猪瘟病毒DNA疫苗的构建及动物免疫试验

利用DNA重组技术将猪瘟病毒(CSFV)C株E2囊膜蛋白全长基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA4.0的CMV启动子下游,采用磷酸钙转染法将重组质粒转入293T细胞,流式细胞仪(FACS)检测293T细胞瞬时表达了E2囊膜蛋白。将构建的重组质粒肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,用流式细胞仪和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测证明成功诱导小鼠产生了抗E2蛋白的抗体,为下一步利用DNA疫苗免疫小鼠研制抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体打下基础。     

LipofectamineTM和Fugene-6介导GFP基因转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞的比较研究

分别用Lipofectamine^TM和Fegene-6介导质粒pEGFP-C1转染体外培养的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞（sheepfetal fibroblast cells,sFFCs）,比较了DNA浓度、转染试剂用量以及细胞暴露于DNA、转染试剂中作用时间对转染效率的影响,通过含G418的DMEM/F12培养液筛选得到转基因单克隆细胞。结果表明脂质体转染试剂Lipofectamine^TM转染效率优于Fegene-6。另外,对转基因细胞进行了染色体核型分析。结果表明,转基因细胞中二倍体核型占74.5%,与对照组比较没有显著性差异。以上研究为其他基因转染sFFCs以及利用体细胞克隆法生产转基因绵羊提供了参考依据。     

Pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and DNA synthesis by bombesin

The bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. The mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of Bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. At nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger RNA and stimulated DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (5 nanograms per milliliter) completely blocked bombesin-enhanced c-myc expression and eliminated bombesin-stimulated DNA synthesis. This treatment had essentially no effect on the mitogenic responses to either platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. These results suggest that the mitogenic actions of bombesin-like growth factors are mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Furthermore they indicate that bombesin-like growth factors act through pathways that are different from those activated by platelet-derived growth factor.     

GDF-8干扰质粒转染绵羊耳成纤维细胞最佳条件研究

为了确定GDF-8基因干扰质粒转染绵羊耳成纤维细胞的最佳转染条件,试验采用脂质体转染法,探索了DNA用量、脂质体用量和转染时间等因素对转染绵羊耳成纤维细胞的影响。结果表明,DNA用量0.4μg、脂质体用量1.0μL、转染时间为6 h时,转染效果最好。     

PiggyBac转座子介导的诱导细胞永生化转基因载体的构建及其整合效率的检测

【目的】构建在小鼠水平上实现多个目的基因的表达以及标记基因安全删除的转基因载体。【方法】以载体为模板,分别扩增SV40P neo、IRES、tk-PloyA,通过overlap PCR连接,并在两端添加方向相同的LoxP序列,构建转基因基本载体PB-NIT;然后通过overlap PCR扩增获得Tet-CMV-SV40 T-T2A-p 53-PolyA基因表达盒,将其插入PB-NIT中,构建载体PB-NIT-STP;最后将转录因子激活域 rtTA 通过同尾酶连接插入PB-NIT-STP,构建载体PB-rtTA-NIT-STP。【结果】经酶切和测序等鉴定,以上载体均正确;经转座活性鉴定,共转染转座子载体PB-rtTA-NIT-STP和转座酶载体比只转染转座子载体获得的阳性克隆数提高了20倍。【结论】得到了基于PiggyBac转座子的可用于正负向筛选和诱导目的基因表达的转基因载体。