AA肉鸡群中免疫抑制性病毒分子流行病学调查及对疫苗免疫效果影响分析

为了解AA肉种鸡群中免疫抑制性病毒的存在状况及其对NDV疫苗免疫效果和对商品鸡生长的影响,采用多重PCR、RT-PCR和血清学方法对山东某规模化大型AA父母代肉种鸡场的28日龄、180日龄左右种鸡及其所生产的1日龄、30日龄左右商品鸡进行IBDV、MDV、ALV、REV、CIAV及REOV感染状况的调查,并同时对鸡群NDV免疫后抗体水平进行跟踪监测.结果表明种鸡和商品鸡均存在CIAV的感染,并不同程度地存在CIAV与MDV、IBDV等的共感染;发病鸡群NDV抗体水平明显偏低的原因是由于鸡群感染免疫抑制性病毒所致;种鸡群感染CIAV并垂直传播给商品鸡,间接引起商品鸡发生免疫抑制性病毒的共感染,导致商品鸡群30日龄左右生长受阻、免疫能力降低、疾病爆发.     

用感染组织经鸡胚静脉接种检测大肝大脾病的病原体

用感染大肝大脾病鸡部分纯化的肝匀浆静脉接种肉用成年种母鸡和鸡胚，接种后肉种鸡出现ＢＬＳ感染的典型病理学和血清学反应，不同日龄鸡胚接种后所孵出的雏鸡，也产生持续性病毒血症，该法非常敏感并可用于组织样品中病毒的检测和滴定，对鸡胚接种的最佳条件进行了研究，结果证明对１１日龄鸡胚接种能获得病毒制的最佳结果，出壳鸡体内病毒的复制随日龄而增加，接种鸡胚所孵出的雏鸡８日龄时病毒血症的发生率增加。     

鸡胚和雏鸡接种ALV-J相关急性纤维肉瘤浸出液的致病性比较

为了比较鸡胚接种ALV-J相关急性纤维肉瘤浸出液对胚体及雏鸡的致病性,将含ALV-J相关病毒的肉瘤浸出液分别经5日龄胚卵黄囊、11日龄胚绒毛尿囊膜、1日龄雏鸡腹腔接种,比较不同接种方式对SPF鸡胚及雏鸡的致病性.结果表明,5日龄卵黄囊接种的鸡胚在18～22日龄死胚率为14/30,肿瘤发生率为8/14; 11日龄绒毛尿囊膜接种的鸡胚在18～22日龄引起鸡胚死亡率为17/30,肿瘤发生率为6/17.对雏鸡的致病性比较表明,绒毛尿囊膜接种的13只出壳雏鸡全部死亡,有11只出现肿瘤.结果提示,绒毛尿囊膜接种的致病性不仅高于卵黄囊接种,也高于1日龄雏鸡接种.绒毛尿囊膜接种不仅肿瘤发生率高,且发生得更早、更快,可作为这种急性纤维肉瘤进一步作人工造病的实验模型.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒与禽网状内皮增生症病毒共感染对肉鸡生长和免疫功能的抑制作用

1日龄网鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)以及共感染禽网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)后,肉鸡生长发育明显受阻,体重增重明显下降(P＜0.05),法氏囊、胸腺明显萎缩(P＜0.05),在用新城疫疫苗免疫后,感染组血清中新城疫抗体效价显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);在ALV-J和REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显(P＜0.01).ALV J单独感染后,鸡对传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒疫苗免疫后的抗体反应与对照组没有明显差别,但ALV-J与REV的共感染可明显延缓鸡对IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫的抗体反应.     

一例鸡传染性贫血与大肠杆菌病并发的诊治

鸡传染性贫血(chickeninfectiousanemia,CIA)是由圆环病毒属的鸡传染性贫血病毒(chickeninfectiousanemiavirus,CIAV)引起的一种以雏鸡骨髓脂肪变性引发的再生障碍性贫血和胸腺等淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的传染病,是鸡主要的免疫抑制病之一。CIAV在鸡群中广泛存在,可经水平传播和垂直传播,且病毒通过种鸡卵巢或精液传给子代是造成雏鸡暴发该病的主要原因。种鸡开产前不久或产蛋初期感染CIA,会有3~6周左右的垂直传播,种鸡本身生产性能没有明显影响,但其子代缺乏母源抗体,易感染该病毒并继发细菌感染。本文介绍了一例鸡传染性贫血病毒和大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治。     

肉种鸡场大肠杆菌、鸡白痢和霉形体混合感染的诊治

某AA肉种鸡场发生鸡白痢、大肠杆菌和霉形体的混合感染,以上三种病原以垂直传播为主,常常导致蛋鸡产蛋量下降、种蛋孵化率降低、肉鸡增重减慢、胴体降级和废弃增多.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

为了查明浦东某鸡场三黄肉鸡发生疑似鸡传染性贫血的病因,临床调查后采集相应病料,实验室研磨处理后备用。对病料进行鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)的PCR检测、细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果显示:3份病料接种鸡胚,收获的尿囊液PCR检测均为CIAV阳性,且细菌分离确定有大肠杆菌感染。药敏试验显示:分离的大肠杆菌对头孢噻呋、大观霉素敏感,对庆大霉素表现为中介,对阿米卡星、阿莫西林等13种药物均表现耐药。因此表明本次疫情为CIAV与大肠杆菌混合感染引起。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒与马立克氏病病毒共感染SPF鸡群免疫抑制协同作用的研究

将鸡传染性贫血病毒（Chicken infectious anemia virus,CIAV or CAV）和马立克氏病病毒（Marek s dis-ease virus,MDV）人工单一和共同感染1日龄的SPF鸡,感染后分别于14、21、28、35日龄检测鸡体红细胞压积的变化,并检测鸡群疫苗免疫3周后的抗体反应,以探讨CAV与MDV共感染对鸡体的免疫抑制是否有协同作用。结果表明,在血液分析方面,CAV与MDV共感染组较病毒单一感染组与对照组差异极显著,共感染不仅加重了鸡群贫血现象,而且延长了贫血的病理症状;而在禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）H5/H9疫苗、新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）疫苗和传染性法氏囊病毒（Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）疫苗免疫后3周的抗体检测中,CAV与MDV共感染组较其它各实验组差异极显著,抗体滴度大大低于其它实验组;此外,CAV与MDV共感染组,鸡体生长状况明显差于实验各组,有6只鸡只死亡（6/25）,比病毒单一感染时的死亡率大大增加。综上研究证明,CAV与MDV共感染在免疫抑制作用上有协同作用。     

鸡传染性贫血继发感染大肠杆菌病的诊治

鸡传染性贫血（chicken infectious anemia,CIA）是由圆环病毒属的鸡传染性贫血病毒（chickeninfectious anemia Virus,CIAV）引起的一种以雏鸡骨髓脂肪变性引发的再生障碍性贫血和胸腺等淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的传染病,是鸡主要的免疫抑制病之一.CIAV在鸡群中广泛存在,可经水平传播和垂直传播,且病毒通过种鸡卵巢或精液传给子代是造成雏鸡暴发该病的主要原因.种鸡开产前不久或产蛋初期感染CIA,会有3～6周左右的垂直传播,种鸡本身生产性能没有明显影响,但其子代缺乏母源抗体,易感染该病毒并继发细菌感染.笔者在临床中曾遇到一例鸡传染性贫血病毒继发细菌感染的病例,现将诊治情况报告如下：     

雏鸡禽传染性脑脊髓炎病毒的分离和鉴定

从两个具有典型症状的发病的肉雏鸡群采集病料，用５日龄鸡胚卵黄囊接种，分离到两株病毒（ＳＧＡＥ９４０１和ＳＧＡＥ９４０２），经中和试验，琼扩试验，雏鸡感染试验及鸡血清学保护试验，确诊所分离到的病毒为禽传当性脑脊髓炎病毒，从而首次从病原学角度证实了该病在四川省的存在。     

Clinical epidemiologic and experimental evidence for the transmission of Newcastle disease virus through eggs

Sporadic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan during 1998-2000. In some cases, the disease occurred in broilers less than 2 wk old that originated in a broiler breeder farm, so spread of the ND virus (NDV) from the infected breeder farm to broiler ranches was suspected. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of the transmission of NDV through eggs. Both clinical and experimental evidence were used to prove that this is possible. From epidemiological investigation, the possibility of transmission through eggs was suggested in two separate ND cases from a breeder farm and its progeny because two identical NDVs were isolated from both cases. In order to clarify the possibility of the transmission through eggs, one mean egg lethal dose (ELD50) of NDV was inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 155 9-to-11-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos. Seventy-one hatching chicks from the inoculated embryos were raised for 14 days. The cloacal swabs from those chicks at the ages of 1, 4, and 7 days and the tissues after necropsy at the ages of 14 days were taken for virus isolation. The same NDV was reisolated from three hatching chicks. This experiment confirms that a few chicken embryos infected in ovo with a low titer of NDV can hatch and contain NDV after hatching, which results in NDV spreading through eggs.     

Isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in Brazil.

Seven chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) isolates were obtained from seven broiler flocks with poor performance in two states of Brazil. All isolates induced thymus atrophy, bone-marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old susceptible chicks. The CIAV isolates were resistant to treatment with chloroform and were able to pass through 50-nm-pore-size filters. CIAV-specific antigens could be demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected chicks using a monoclonal antibody specific for CIAV. These characteristics of the virus and the virus-induced lesions demonstrate that CIAV is present in Brazil and that the virus is associated with production problems.     

Infectious tenosynovitis in broilers and broiler breeders in Egypt

Two infectious tenosynovitis-producing viruses were isolated from tendon sheaths and synovial fluids of 59 broilers and 15 broiler breeders obtained from different flocks in Egypt during June to October 1983. The viruses grew well on the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos, produced small localized white pock lesions with oedematous swellings at the inoculation sites and death of most of the embryos 72 to 96 hours post-inoculation. They also induced cytopathic effect in chicken embryo rough, Vero and MS cell lines. The viruses were neutralized by reovirus S1133 antiserum, both in tissue culture and. on the chorioallantoic membrane. Inoculation of the viruses into 2-day-old broiler chicks via the foot pad, intramuscular and oral routes reproduced the disease with the development of characteristic clinical, pathological and serological responses. The infection was transmitted to in-contact control chicks. This is the first report of the disease and of the isolation and identification of the causative virus in Egypt.     

Infectious tenosynovitis in broilers and broiler breeders in Egypt

Two infectious tenosynovitis-producing viruses were isolated from tendon sheaths and synovial fluids of 59 broilers and 15 broiler breeders obtained from different flocks in Egypt during June to October 1983. The viruses grew well on the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos, produced small localized white pock lesions with oedematous swellings at the inoculation sites and death of most of the embryos 72 to 96 hours post-inoculation. They also induced cytopathic effect in chicken embryo rough, Vero and MS cell lines. The viruses were neutralized by reovirus S1133 antiserum, both in tissue culture and on the chorioallantoic membrane. Inoculation of the viruses into 2-day-old broiler chicks via the foot pad, intramuscular and oral routes reproduced the disease with the development of characteristic clinical, pathological and serological responses. The infection was transmitted to in-contact control chicks. This is the first report of the disease and of the isolation and identification of the causative virus in Eqypt.     

鸡源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

为探究甘肃省民勤县某饲养场肉仔鸡腹泻的病原及复方中草药制剂和抗生素分别对分离病原的抑菌效果,对7日龄病死肉鸡进行解剖，通过采集死亡肉仔鸡肝脏、脾脏、心脏进行病原菌分离培养、形态观察、16S rDNA分子鉴定，最终鉴定该病死肉仔鸡为大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染。抑菌结果显示，复方中草药对分离得到的大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌均有良好的抑菌效果。10种抗生素药敏试验结果显示，此三株菌同时对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、四环素、恩诺沙星四种药物耐药；鸡大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星敏感，鸡白痢沙门氏菌对链霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟敏感，鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌对头孢曲松、链霉素、头孢噻肟敏感。上述研究结果为肉仔鸡大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染的分离鉴定以及科学指导用药提供参考。     

感染CIAV雏鸡免疫器官对ND疫苗的细胞免疫应答

对１日龄感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡接种ＮＤ疫苗后，其免疫器官组织Ｔ细胞数量的动态变化进行研究．结果，感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡ＮＤ疫苗免疫局，其胸腺和脾脏以及盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的Ｔ细胞数量，于接种ＮＤ疫苗后较未感染ＣＩＡＶ免疫对照雏鸡明显减少，表明感染雏鸡的中枢和外周免疫器官及局部免疫组织对ＮＤ疫苗的细胞免疫应答功能明显降低．ＮＤ强毒攻击后，感染免疫鸡的免疫保护率明显低于未感染免疫对照鸡．     

鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒与七种常见病毒混合感染的调查

应用PCR方法对2009年6月到2009年9月来自不同地区、不同品种、不同日龄的45个疑似感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的病鸡病料进行检测,同时对ALV-J与新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(H9N2 AIV)、包涵体肝炎病毒(IB-HV)、鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)和呼肠病毒(REOV)等病毒的混合感染情况进行了调查。结果表明,采用ALV-J的特异性引物H5/H7,在45份送检病料中,有3份检出ALV-J,阳性率为6.67%。绝大多数病例检测出内源性禽白血病病毒,部分病例检测有其他7种病毒中的一种或几种。混合感染病例中以IBHV和IBV混合感染的比率较高,其中ALV-J与H9N2亚型AIV混合感染多见。     

感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）雏鸡免疫器官抗体生成细胞的动态变化

对１日龄雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）后免疫器官法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现,感染雏鸡法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的３种抗体生成细胞数量均程度不同地低于未感染对照雏鸡,其中法氏囊的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞分别在感染后７～３５ｄ和１４～３５ｄ明显减少;脾脏红髓、白髓和淋巴小结的ＩｇＧ抗体生成细胞分别于７～３５ｄ、１４～３５ｄ和１４～２１ｄ明显减少,ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞分别在７～４２ｄ、２８～３５ｄ和１４ｄ时明显减少,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞仅在红髓中（７～２８ｄ）明显减少;胸腺髓质的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞分别在１４～２８ｄ、７～２１ｄ和２１ｄ时明显减少。结果表明,ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡免疫器官的体液免疫功能明显降低。     

鸭源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定

从病死肉鸭肝脏中分离到2株病毒(ZH1、ZH2),均能够凝集鸡、肉鸭、绵羊、山羊、猪、人、兔、牛等的红细胞,且这种血凝性可被NDV标准阳性血清所抑制.参照NDV毒力判定标准及其方法对分离毒株ZH1、ZH2进行了鸡胚最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)以及1日龄鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)测定,结果ZH1、ZH2株的MDT为52 h和44 h,EID50为106.4/0.1mL和108.64/0.1mL,ICPI为1.93和1.975.表明这2株分离病毒均为NDV强毒株.