饲养管理对哺乳仔猪成活率与断奶重的影响

将60头八眉猪二元待产母猪随机分成实验组和对照组,每组30头,实验组在预产期前30d在母猪的饲料中添加适量的营养物质,基础喂量为每天每头2kg,每产一头仔猪增加0.25kg,仔猪生出后1～3日龄保温箱的温度控制在30～32℃,4～7日龄为28～30℃,8～28日龄圈舍温度控制在22 ～25℃.对照组产前30d在饲料中不添加含蛋白质饲料,每天每头饲喂3.5kg.仔猪出生1～7日龄保温箱的温度控制在28～30℃,8～28日龄分娩舍温度控制在20 ～25℃.结果表明,实验组28日龄成活率和断奶重明显高于对照组,差异均显著(P＜0.05).     

不同饲养管理方法对哺乳仔猪成活率与断奶重的影响

将60头长大二元待产母猪随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30头。试验组在预产期前15天在母猪饲料中添加适量油脂和3％色粉,基础喂量为每天每头2kg,每产1头仔猪增加0.25kg,仔猪生后1~3日龄温度控制为30℃-32℃,4-7日龄为28℃~30℃,8~21日龄为22℃~25℃。对照组产前15天不添加油脂和色粉,每天每头饲料投量3.5kg。仔猪生后1~7日龄温度控制为28℃-30℃,8~21日龄20℃~25℃。结果表明,试验组猪21日龄成活率和断奶重明显高于对照组,差异均显著(P<0.05)。     

提高仔猪成活率的有效措施

1初生至断奶仔猪1.1保温防压初生仔猪护理的重点是保温,1～3日龄的适宜温度为30℃～32℃,4～7日龄为28℃～30℃,8～30日龄为25℃～28℃,31～60日龄为23℃～25℃,母猪最适宜的温度为15℃～18℃,为正确处理好母猪、仔猪对温度的不同要求,产栏内应设仔猪保温箱(或栏),内吊红外线取暖灯泡     

欧洲仔猪氨基酸营养——仔猪低蛋白质高生长性能的氨基酸平衡日粮

与中国仔猪的断奶日龄相似，欧洲仔猪的平均断奶日龄为21d～28d。仔猪阶段的饲料通常分为3个阶段：（1）教槽料：通常是哺乳仔猪在母猪的引导下采食；（2）开食前的饲料：一般在20日龄时，体重达7kg的小猪，一直采食开食前料直到体重达15kg；（3）开食料：一般小猪断奶后20～50日龄期间采食，体重从15kg到30kg。在法国，平均每头母猪年产仔猪数达20头，采用这种饲养方案的仔猪，     

疫苗加药物控制仔猪"三痢"及水肿病试验

选择预产期接近、饲养条件相似的母猪50头,随机分为试验组(30头)和对照组(20头)。试验组母猪临产前14d注射利特佳(仔猪C型产气荚膜梭菌大肠埃希氏菌二价灭活苗,美国辉瑞产品)2mL/头;产前产后各7d按每吨饲料添加80%支原净(上海诺华产品)125g和30%金霉素3kg;从临产前5d开始,每天用拜洁带猪消毒;产前1h用安多福消毒液清洗母猪乳房及外阴,产后保证每头仔猪吃足初乳;从仔猪补料到断奶后7d的饲料中添加1%快育灵(喹乙醇)10kg/t;发现腹泻仔猪立即口服氟哌酸粉剂。对照组常规管理。结果表明,试验组仔猪30窝315头,红、黄、白痢和水肿病发病头数和死亡…     

护仔康2号对僵猪生长的影响

选取50日龄以上，体重在8kg以内的仔猪24头，随机分为2组。对照组喂小猪料，实验组另外添加2％护仔康2号。饲喂17d后，对照组死亡7头，每头日增重仅0．047kg，发病率和死亡率分别为83％和58％；实验组仅有个别发病，无死亡，且每头日增重达0．193kg，料肉比为2.07：1。每头日增重实验组是对照组的322％。     

麦饭石饲喂哺乳母猪和吮乳仔猪试验

在配合料中添加麦饭石饲喂畜禽,有促进生长发育,提高饲料利用率的作用。迄今尚未见到用麦饭石饲喂哺乳母猪和吮乳仔猪的试验报道。为了探讨饲喂洛南麦饭石对哺乳母猪繁殖和吮乳仔猪生长发育的作用,1991年8月至1991年11月,在陕西省畜牧兽医研究所试验种猪场进行了本试验。选择怀孕、胎次相同的长白母猪30头,分为试验组(20头)和对照组(10头)。正式试验60天。试验组从母猪产仔第一天始,在基础饲料中添加洛南麦饭石粉(100:2)。单圈饲养。每头母猪日定量2.5kg 混合料,每天定时饲喂3次湿拌料,自由饮水。仔猪开食后,自由采食,仔猪料内添加麦饭石比例与母猪料相同。结果,吮乳仔猪20—60日龄平均窝增重,试验组为86.93±21.00kg,对照组为71.36±22.17kg,试验组比对照组窝均增重     

哺乳仔猪三阶段饲养管理要点

饲养管理好仔猪是搞好养猪生产的基础,仔猪培育工作的成败和仔猪育成率的高低,既是养猪生产技术水平高低的直接体现,又是养猪经济效益的根本点.下面就如何做好哺乳仔猪阶段性的饲养管理工作进行分析浅谈,供广大从业者交流参考. 1 初生至3日龄仔猪的饲养管理 1.1 母猪产仔时必须有专人守在旁边照看接生 1.1.1 产房温度 了解产房舍内温度,防止初生仔猪受冻下痢无人照看,做到产房内设有保温箱,箱内有保温板(挂保温灯),在母猪产仔前使保温箱内温度保持在30～32℃.仔猪的最适温度为:生后1～7日龄为30～32℃,8～14日龄为28～30℃,15～21日龄为26～28℃,22～28日龄为24～26℃,28～35日龄为22～24℃.     

猪场疾病综合防治中存在的问题及解决方案

关系到猪场经营成败的主要生产指标有哪些呢?经营良好的猪场应做到:①后备母猪达6月龄、110 kg能出现初情期,经产母猪断奶后7 d内90%能正常发情配种;②仔猪初生重达1.5 kg,28日龄断奶重达8.0 kg以上;③平均每头母猪年提供合格断奶仔猪数达22头以上;④平均每头母猪年提供合格上市育肥猪达20头以上;⑤160日龄体重达100 kg以上,全群料重比在3.2以下.     

养猪增重的小窍门

<正>1)在猪的日粮中添加4%的薄荷叶粉,日增重可提高16%左右。2)在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加2%的海带粉,饲养90 d,日增重可提高23.62%,饲料转化率可提高13.32%。3)体重6~8 kg的断奶仔猪,每头每天添加30 g泡桐树叶粉,连喂2个月,比对照组增重24%;25~30 kg的架子猪,隔天每头1次喂给60 g泡桐树叶粉,连喂1个月,比对照组平均每头多增重14%。4)在仔猪饲料中添加3%~4%艾叶粉、育成猪添加1.5%~2.0%,可使日增重提高5%~8%,饲料消     

有效微生物群对仔猪生产性能的影响初探

对产后母猪和断奶仔猪饲喂有效微生物菌群(EM),研究其对仔猪生产性能的影响。从产前7d开始给母猪基础饲料中添加5mL/kg的EM菌液,选产仔数不少于8头的3头母猪及其仔猪连续饲喂EM菌28d,仔猪进行断奶,统计母猪的增重、仔猪初生重、断奶重,仔猪成活率等,分析添加EM菌后对母猪生产性能的影响。在这24头断奶仔猪饲料中添加EM菌的饲料,饲喂至60日龄,统计仔猪的增重、采食量、料重比、发病数等,分析EM菌断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。另外选取3头同品种、同批次生产、产仔数相同的母猪及其仔猪饲料中不添加EM菌作为对照。结果表明,母猪产后日均采食量较对照组提高12.07%,仔猪的初生重较对照组提高15.90%,产活仔数提高了12.09%,断奶重增加9.09%,断奶头数增多20.99%,断奶成活率提高8.81%。断奶后仔猪试验组的平均采食量较对照组提高10.26%,料重比降低了7.14%,发病率下降了50.03%。说明EM菌对母猪和仔猪的生产性能均有提高作用,研究结果为EM菌在生猪养殖中的应用提供了基础资料。     

加温饲养和定时饲喂对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响

试验旨在探索对仔猪床进行加温处理以及采用定时饲喂的方式的对早期断奶仔猪不同肠段黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响,从而为确定断奶仔猪适宜的饲养温度和科学的饲喂方式提供理论依据。试验采用2×2因子设计。选用21日龄杜长大断奶仔猪240头,随机分到4个处理组:1):28~30℃的仔猪床加温处理组;2)23~25℃的低温对照组(炉火暖气管道舍内加热);加温处理组和低温对照组中又根据不同的饲喂模式分为每天6次定时饲喂组和自由采食组。每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。经过14 d的试验之后,在每圈仔猪中随机抽取1头,屠宰后取样检测小肠黏膜的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。结果表明:加温饲养组(28~30℃)的仔猪空肠中段的绒毛高度显著高于低温对照组(23~25℃)(P<0.05)。加温饲养组十二指肠的隐窝深度和空肠中段的肠壁厚度显著低于低温对照组(P<0.05)。定时饲喂饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于自由采食饲养的仔猪(P<0.05)。定时饲喂组仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度和十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于自由采食组(P<0.05)。2因子的互作效应表明:加温定时饲喂组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于其他处理组。低温自由采食组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。加温定时饲喂组的仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。由结果可知,28~30℃的加温饲养组以及定时饲喂的饲喂模式有利于仔猪的肠道黏膜形态的改善,有益于肠道的发育和健康。     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

Analysis of Possible Influence of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Growth Performance and Losses of Piglets

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the feed ration for lactating sows with the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance and losses of piglets from birth to weaning. The monitoring comprised 20 litters in control and 20 litters in experimental group of Czech Large White × Czech Landrace hybrid combination sows. The control group was given a standard feed mixture for lactating sows, and experimental group was fed with the feed mixture supplemented with 2% of CLA, from the day of farrowing to the weaning of piglets, that is for the time of 28 days. The results of the experiment indicate the significantly better parameters of the numbers of reared piglets in the experimental group and the related lower level of losses of piglets from birth to weaning (p < 0.01). However, the feed mixture for lactating sows enriched in conjugated linoleic acid had no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets from birth to weaning (p > 0.05). Sows in the experimental group showed earlier onset of post‐partal oestrus after weaning of piglets (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the supplementation of diet for lactating sows with CLA can improve survival of piglets from birth to weaning and shortening of weaning‐to‐oestrous interval in sows.     

Effect of Supplementary Feeding Milk Replacer on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility,Serum Biochemistry Indexes in Piglets during Lactation

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementary feeding milk replacer on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemistry indexes in piglets during lactation,and explore the feasibility of shorten the weaning age of piglets by feeding milk replacer. One hundred and twenty (twelve litters) 5 days old piglets with average body weight of (3.12±0.63)kg were assigned into two groups with sixty piglets per group (six litters)and one litter of piglets per replicate. The piglets in control group received supplementary creep feed and were weaned on 28 days old,whereas the piglets in experimental group received supplementary creep feed and milk replacer (creep feed:milk replacer=1:1) and were weaned on 21 days old. The piglets in experimental group were continued feeding with creep feed and milk replacer until 28 days old. All piglets were fed with same diets from 28 to 70 days old. The results showed as follows:① Comparing with control group,the body weight of piglets in experimental group were not significantly changed at 5,21,28 and 70 days old (P>0.05),ADFI and F/G were extremely significantly or significantly increased during 5 to 21 days old,22 to 28 days old and 5 to 28 days old (P < 0.01;P < 0.05),while ADG was extremely significantly decreased during 22 to 28 days old compared with control group (P<0.01).② The digestibility of GE,DM,OM and EE of experimental group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05).③ All serum biochemistry indexes between the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion,supplementary milk replacer feeding could increase the feed intake and dietary digestibility of weaned piglets. The age of wean could be forward to 21 days old according to the final body weight of weaned piglets when fed milk replacer supplementation.     

哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响,并探讨代乳品对缩短仔猪断奶日龄的可行性。选用120头（12窝）5日龄、平均体重（3.12±0.63）kg的仔猪,随机分为两组,每组60头（6窝,每窝为1个重复）。对照组补饲教槽料至28日龄断奶;试验组补饲代乳品和教槽料（代乳品：教槽料=1：1）至21日龄断奶,断奶后继续饲喂代乳品和教槽料至28日龄;28日龄后试验组和对照组饲喂相同日粮至70日龄。结果显示：①整个试验期,两组仔猪在5、21、28和70日龄时体重差异均不显著（P>0.05）;在5~21、22~28和5~28日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均极显著或显著高于对照组（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而在22~28日龄阶段,试验组平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。②试验组仔猪保育期的日粮总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）和粗脂肪（EE）的消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。③在70日龄时,两组仔猪各项血清生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,补饲代乳品可显著增加哺乳期仔猪的采食量,同时促进保育期仔猪对日粮中营养物质的消化吸收。从保育期末体重来看,哺乳期补饲代乳品的仔猪提前至21日龄断奶是可行的。     

中草药制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响。试验选择21d断奶、平均体重为(5.90±0.03)kg的仔猪450头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+45mg/kg抗菌肽,中草药组饲喂基础日粮+200mg/kg中草药添加剂,试验共进行42d。结果:对照组断奶仔猪在1~21d日增重较其他两组分别显著降低3.57%和5.86%(P<0.05),而中草药组仔猪在22~42d的日增重较对照组和抗菌肽组分别显著提高3.64%和3.37%(P<0.05),同时该组1~42d日增重较对照组显著提高4.54%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,中草药组仔猪在1~21d和1~42d的料重比分别显著降低5.52%和3.47%(P<0.05)。对照组仔猪死亡率较其他两组分别显著提高137.75%和126.21%(P<0.05)。中草药组仔猪血清胆固醇含量较对照组和抗菌肽组分别显著降低35.78%和33.43%(P<0.05),但该组血清甘油三酯浓度分别显著提高19.09%和11.96%(P<0.05)。中草药组仔猪血清IgG浓度较对照组显著提高12.74%(P<0.05),而对照组和中草药组血清IL-6浓度较抗菌肽组分别显著提高34.04%和23.89%(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,日粮添加200mg/kg中草药添加剂可以改善断奶仔猪生长性能、血清性状及免疫反应。     

黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了分析黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选择28日龄的杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,公母各半,体重接近。随机分为4组,每组27头,每组3圈,每圈9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中加入黄芪多糖200、500 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg,试验期28 d。结果表明:含黄芪多糖日粮对仔猪的日增重、营养物质消化率、料肉比及腹泻率均有所改善,添加组与对照组在腹泻率方面差异显著(P<0.05),其中以添加500mg/kg为宜。     

日粮中添加蜂胶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和皮肤颜色的影响

试验旨在研究蜂胶在仔猪上的应用效果。试验采用90头杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.03%蜂胶制剂,试验2组饲喂基础+0.05%蜂胶制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明,在日粮中添加蜂胶制剂能够明显提高仔猪的生产性能和皮肤颜色,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长性能的影响研究

[目的]试验旨在探讨苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长性能的影响,为其在动物生产中更好地应用提供参考依据。[方法]选取体重相近的28~35日龄杜×长×大三元杂交的健康断奶仔猪250头,随机分为5组(A、B、C、D、E组),每组设5个重复,每个重复10头。其中,A、B、C组依次为苦玄参提取物高、中、低3个剂量试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加3.500、1.750和0.875g/kg苦玄参提取物;D组在基础日粮中添加对照药物七补散4.0g/kg;E组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,预饲期7d,正试期30d。于试验正式开始的第0天、第15天和第30天7:00分别对各组的每一头试验猪进行空腹称重,并每天记录每个组试验猪的采食量,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。[结果]添加苦玄参提取物后,A、B、C组仔猪的体重、ADG及ADFI,与E组相比显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)增加,而料重比降低;其中苦玄参提取物中剂量组仔猪的体重、平均日增重及平均日采食量提升最明显,料重比也极显著低于D组与E组(P<0.01)。[结论]苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长具有一定的促进作用,以1.750g/kg的添加剂量添加在饲料中效果最佳。