发酵饲料对母猪繁殖性能的影响

本试验通过对20头经产母猪分组饲喂发酵饲料与抗生素饲料,研究发酵饲料对母猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:饲喂发酵饲料的母猪(试验组)的产仔数比饲喂抗生素组的母猪(对照组)产仔数多6.48%,饲喂发酵饲料组仔猪的初生重比饲喂抗生素组的仔猪高重7.64%,试验组的哺乳成活率(97.39%)高于对照组(89.91%)。饲喂发酵饲料的28日龄断奶仔猪平均重显著高于饲喂抗生素组的断奶仔猪,平均每头小猪断奶重比对照组重330 g(P0.05)。50日龄育成平均重试验组极显著高于对照组(P0.01),平均每头仔猪增重1860 g。试验组哺乳期仔猪死亡率2.61%显著低于对照组的仔猪死亡率10.19%,仔猪发病率(2.61%)极显著低于对照组(10.19%),差异极显著(P0.01)。本试验说明发酵饲料饲喂怀孕母猪可以提高母猪的仔猪的初生重、断奶重。     

枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对长大母猪生产性能效应试验

选择2~8胎、健康的妊娠30 d长大母猪60头,按随机区组分为2组,每组30头。试验从母猪妊娠30 d开始至哺乳仔猪28 d断奶结束。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。结果表明,妊娠母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体重分别较对照组提高13.47%、8.83%、9.66%、0.61%(P>0.05);28日龄断奶窝重、断奶个体重、断奶仔猪日增重、断奶成活率分别较对照组提高13.93%、6.54%、10.62%、1.74%(P>0.05),仔猪腹泻率降低45.94%(P<0.05)。妊娠期母猪日均采食量增加6.40%(P>0.05),日均粪便重量减少8.43%(P<0.05),粪便pH降低5.56%(P>0.05);哺乳期母猪日均采食量提高5.23%(P>0.05),日均粪便重量减少11.84%(P<0.05),粪便pH降低6.77%(P>0.05)。该试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌制剂可提高母猪生产力水平、饲料转化率及哺乳仔猪健康。     

不同甜菜粕添加水平对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

试验研究不同甜菜粕添加水平对哺乳母猪生产和仔猪生长性能的影响,旨在为哺乳母猪饲料中甜菜粕的开发利用提供数据支持。选取3到5胎健康PIC母猪48头,随机分为3组,每组16个重复,每个重复1头,分别饲喂甜菜粕添加水平为0%,5%,10%的3种试验日粮。结果表明哺乳母猪日粮中添加甜菜粕可以显著提高哺乳母猪平均日采食量(P0.05),10%水平组哺乳母猪平均日采食量显著优于对照组。仔猪生长性能及母猪日均泌乳量、平均日采食量、发情间隔各处理组间差异均不显著(P0.05),但10%水平组可获得较好的仔猪平均断奶重、仔猪断奶窝重、窝增重、仔猪平均日增重、母猪日均泌乳量、母猪平均日采食量、母猪断奶发情间隔。研究表明,在哺乳母猪日粮中添加10%甜菜粕可提高哺乳母猪平均日采食量,有利于缩短哺乳母猪断奶发情间隔和提高断奶后母猪发情率。     

母猪乐对母猪繁殖和仔猪生长性能的影响试验

试验选用妊娠85 d的健康长×大经产母猪40头,随机分为两组,每组20头。对照组饲喂常规基础日粮,试验组饲喂常规基础日粮+母猪乐2 kg/t饲料。试验期51 d。结果表明,母猪乐能显著提高母猪产后初期采食量(P<0.05)和日均泌乳量(6.96 L/dvs8.37 L/d),改善母猪体况;降低初生仔猪弱仔率(4.70%vs2.31%),提高仔猪初生重和断奶重(P<0.01)及断奶仔猪成活率(93.12%vs96.26%);试验组每头仔猪比对照组增加收益9.82元。     

多菌种培养物对哺乳母猪的应用效果研究

试验主要研究了多菌种培养物(五谷精华)对哺乳母猪和哺乳仔猪生产性能、经济效益的影响。选取哺乳母猪108头,分为试验组和对照组,每组54头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加2%五谷精华并替代2%玉米,试验期为产房哺乳阶段。试验结果表明:试验组较对照组母猪产完一周日均采食量提高8.50%,仔猪断奶重提高8.75%;经济效益方面,试验组较对照组边际效益:母猪多199.87元/头、仔猪多16.58元/头;仔猪断奶存活率相差不明显。因此,哺乳母猪饲料中添加五谷精华可有效促进母猪产后食欲恢复和提高哺乳仔猪生产性能,并能显著提高生产效益。     

山花黄芩提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究山花黄芩提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,试验将320头长白×大白二元杂交母猪随机分为两组,每组80个重复,每个重复2头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加山花黄芩提取物,其中妊娠期添加150 g/t,哺乳期添加500 g/t,试验期为136 d(其中妊娠期115 d,哺乳期21 d),测定母猪繁殖性能指标(窝均产仔数、窝均健仔数、初生窝重、初生均重、窝均死胎数、窝均木乃伊数、窝均产无效仔数)、哺乳仔猪生长性能指标(窝均断奶仔猪数、窝均断奶成活率、21日龄断奶窝重、21日龄断奶仔猪均重、哺乳期窝均增重)、母猪采食量指标(母猪平均采食量、21日均采食量)、体况指标(母猪分娩背膘厚、母猪断奶背膘厚、背膘损失)、发情指标(断配间隔、断奶7 d发情率)。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组窝均健仔数显著增加(P<0.05),初生窝重极显著增加(P<0.01),窝均死胎数显著减少(P<0.05);窝均断奶仔猪数极显著增加(P<0.01);母猪平均采食量、21日均采食量、母猪断奶背膘厚均极显著增加(P<0.01),母猪背膘损失显著降低(P&l...     

有机微量元素对经产母猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究有机微量元素对经产哺乳母猪生产性能的影响。选择3~6胎品种相同、膘情相近的健康母猪48头,随机分为2组,每组24个重复,每个重复1头母猪。试验期从母猪妊娠85天到断奶21天,对照组饲喂添加无机微量元素的全价哺乳日粮,处理组饲喂添加全有机微量元素的全价哺乳日粮。结果表明：与对照组相比,处理组的仔猪出生数和初生重均相对较高;处理组仔猪初生活力优于对照组,仔猪初生重的变异系数低于对照组。与对照组相比,哺乳期间处理组母猪采食量较高,断奶窝重差异显著,且断奶头数和断奶窝增重更高,仔猪的死亡率较低。     

混合中草药在养猪生产中的应用

为研究混合中草药对母猪繁殖性能、采食量及仔猪抗病力的影响,在北票市某标准化养猪基地随机选取60头"杜×长×大"三元杂交母猪进行了6个月的饲养试验。将60头母猪随机分成3组,每组20头。A为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C组为平行试验组,均在基础日粮中添加0.08%中草药粉剂,试验组从妊娠85 d后开始饲喂直至仔猪断奶。分别对母猪的繁殖性能、母猪采食量、仔猪发生黄白痢情况等方面进行统计分析。结果表明,在母猪饲料中添加混合中草药,改善了饲料品质和适口性,母猪的采食量和窝产活仔数明显增加,提高了母猪的繁殖性能;改善了母猪奶水质量,降低仔猪出生后发病率,提高了仔猪的断奶重和断奶成活率。     

酵母水解物对母猪生产性能及哺乳仔猪增重的影响

试验旨在研究酵母水解物对母猪产仔性能及哺乳仔猪增重的影响。试验选用怀孕90d左右的妊娠母猪共45头(对照组5头长白母猪,18头大白母猪;试验组6头长白母猪,16头大白母猪)。试验结果表明:(1)添加酵母水解物可促进母猪采食量。(2)添加酵母水解物可明显减少哺乳母猪奶水不足及产后感染比例,减少母猪产后不发情比例。(3)添加酵母水解物具有显著增加健仔比例,减少弱胎、死胎,提高仔猪初生重的作用。(4)添加酵母水解物能够提高哺乳仔猪断奶成活率,减少发病率及死亡率。结果表明,酵母水解物添加至母猪料中能提高母猪的生产性能,改善母猪及哺乳仔猪的健康状况。     

日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸对高温季节哺乳母猪生产性能影响的研究

为了研究日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对高温季节哺乳母猪生产性能的影响,试验选取预产期接近的2~3胎长×大二元母猪20头,随机分为2组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg GABA。结果表明:试验组母猪平均采食量、仔猪断奶窝重、仔猪平均断奶个体重均极显著高于对照组(P0.01);试验组母猪哺乳期体重损失、仔猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组母猪比对照组断奶至发情间隔缩短1.5 d,仔猪成活率提高4.33%,但组间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明GABA可以作为一种良好的抗热应激饲料添加剂应用于养猪生产。     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

Effects of dietary star anise (Illicium verum Hook f) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating multiparous sows and nursing piglets

Thirty‐two sows were allocated to four treatments to evaluate the effect of dietary star anise (SA) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the lactational performance of sows. At 85 days of gestation, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. After farrowing, sows were further allotted to one of two lactation diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. On a weekly basis, body weight (BW) of sows and piglets was measured. Blood and milk samples were obtained from the sows and piglets. Number of days from weaning to estrus, milk yield and feed intake were also recorded. Weight gain of piglets from sows fed the SA‐supplemented diet during lactation was greater between days 7 and 14, days 14 and 21 and the overall experimental period compared with control groups. Supplementation of SA during lactation improved weaning weight of piglets, milk yield and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows. The SA diet increased concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in ordinary milk and prolactin (PRL) in serum of sows. In conclusion, this study has indicated the beneficial effects of dietary SA addition in improving the lactation performance of sows.     

Effects of a novel carbohydrate and protein source on sow performance during lactation

Ninety-one primiparous and multiparous sows and their pigs were used to evaluate the effects of a novel carbohydrate- and protein-based feed ingredient (Nutri-Pal, NP) on sow and litter performance during lactation. Nutri-Pal is a feed supplement for sows that consists of a blend of milk chocolate, brewer's yeast, whey products, and glucooligosaccharides. The dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control and a corn-soybean meal plus 5% NP fed from d 110 of gestation to weaning. The diets were formulated to be equal in total Lys and ME. Sows were allotted to treatment based on parity, body weight, and the date of d 110 of gestation. There were 46 and 45 sows per treatment over four farrowing groups. Litters were standardized to 10 pigs and weighed within 1 d of farrowing, and all sows weaned at least 8 pigs at an average age of 21 d. Sows were weighed on d 110 of gestation, d 1 postfarrowing, and at weaning. Sows were fed three times daily during lactation. Sows were checked twice daily after weaning for signs of estrus. The weaning weight of sows fed NP was increased (P < 0.10) compared with those fed the control diet. Sows fed the control diet tended (P = 0.11) to lose more weight per day from d 110 of gestation to weaning than the sows fed NP. Otherwise, sow response variables (sow weight on d 110 of gestation and d 1 postfarrowing, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing and lactation weight change per day, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing, lactation, and total feed intake, days to estrus, pigs born alive or dead, and litter and average pig birth weight) were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. There were no effects (P > 0.10) of diet on litter performance response variables (pigs weaned, litter and average pig weaning weight and gain, and survival percent). The NP feed ingredient had minor effects on sow productivity, but it did not affect litter productivity indices.     

Effects of salinomycin on sow weight change during lactation and on sow reproductive performance

Forty-five gravid cross-bred sows (mean parity 3.3 +/- .3) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean mean (CS) or CS plus 60 mg salinomycin per kilogram of diet (CSS). Sows were fed their respective diets through two successive parities with dietary treatment initiated at 100 d postcoitum and continued until weaning of the second successive litter. Therefore, sows fed CSS received salinomycin for 14 d before the first parturition and for approximately 153 d before the second parturition. Daily feed intake was restricted to 2 kg.hd-1.d-1 during gestation and to 3 kg.hd-1.d-1 from weaning to breeding. All sows. had ad libitum access to feed during lactation. Sows were weighed 7 d prior to parturition, at weaning and at breeding. Weaning-to-estrus interval and farrowing interval were recorded for all sows. Litters were weighed at birth and weaning. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between dietary treatments in sow weights before parturition, at weaning or at breeding for either first or second farrowing. The CSS-fed sows lost more weight from weaning to breeding after the first (P less than .03) and second (P less than .05) lactation periods than CS-fed sows. The CSS-fed sows tended to gain more (P = .06) weight during lactation than CS-fed sows. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments in lactation feed intake, weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing interval, litter size born or weaned, litter weights at birth or at weaning, or in sow culling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

在日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶和植物血凝素防治仔猪早期断奶腹泻症的试验

[目的]研究在日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶和植物血凝素防治仔猪早期断奶腹泻症的效果,探讨其对仔猪生产性能和肠道健康等方面所产生的作用。[方法]选用120头断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组、试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ3组,分别饲喂常规断奶仔猪基础日粮、添加0.5%的葡萄糖氧化酶日粮以及添加0.5%的葡萄糖氧化酶和0.1%植物血凝素日粮,采用统一的饲养管理模式。记录每日腹泻次数、采食量、死亡数以及试验开始和结束时每头仔猪空腹体重;计算平均日增重、腹泻率、平均日采食量、饲料转化率及死亡率。[结果]试验期内仔猪平均日增重,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ分别比对照组提高25.0%和26.8%,差异极显著(P<0.01);仔猪料肉比,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ分别比对照组下降17.2%和18.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01);仔猪腹泻率,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ分别比对照组下降56.0%和65.5%,差异极显著(P<0.01);仔猪成活率,试验组Ⅰ比对照组提高7.4%,差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组Ⅱ比对照组提高13%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。[结论]在日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶和植物血凝素可明显提高饲料转化效率和仔猪成活率,明显降低仔猪腹泻率。     

The performance of weaned piglets after a five week weaning period in relation to the weaning weight, the feed composition and the use of an effective ergotropic

In a three-factorial experiment with 216 piglets of the same age (33 +/- 4 days) but a different weight (weaning weight from 5.5 to 9 kg) a conventional piglet rearing feed containing 20% crude protein (standard), a high-energy diet and a low-protein diet (16% crude protein) were tested. In three weaning weight classes the three diets were fed without or with Bisergon [2-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamoyl-3-methylquinoxaline-1.4-dioxide] over a period of 21 days. From the 22nd to the 71st day after weaning all the piglets received the standard diet without ergotropic. Among the factors studied the Bisergon supplement had the biggest effect. The additional weight gain varied from 9% in case of heavy piglets fed the high energy diet to 150% in case of light piglets fed the low protein diet. The ergotropic improved feed conversion by 22% and lowered the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases requiring treatment by 28%. At the end of the rearing period the weight of the piglets initially fed with Bisergon (means = 34.6 kg) was significantly higher than that of the control animals (means = 31.6 kg). The weaning weight and the diets influenced the final weight especially in the groups without ergotropic. In this case the piglets fed with the high-energy diet gained 30% more and those fed with the low-protein diet 40% less compared with the standard group. The average live weight gain of the light piglets (weaning weight 6.1 kg) was 30% lower than that of the heavier piglets (weaning weight 8.5 kg). The frequency of treatment against diarrhoea of the heavy piglets was by one third lower than that of the light animals. The piglets fed with the low-protein diet appeared to show a limitation of gastrointestinal diseases, but these animals also had the lowest feed intake. Independent of the Bisergon supplementation the weaning weight clearly influenced the live weight after the 10-week experiment. The initially better development of the animals started with the high-energy diet was compensated. In contrast to this, the piglets weighing 6.1 and 7.2 kg fed with the low-protein diet could not compensate the retarded development in comparison with the piglets fed with the standard or the high-energy diet. This experiment confirms the enormous improvement of the performance and of the health status of weaned piglets caused by the ergotropic Bisergon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Effects of prepartum administration of 1,3-butanediol to sows on growth and survival of neonatal pigs

In six trials, 158 late-term gravid sows were fed isocaloric amounts (8,500 kcal metabolizable energy/d) of a corn-soybean meal-based diet in which 20% of their daily metabolizable energy (ME) intake was supplied by either cornstarch or 1,3-butanediol (butanediol) from about d 105 of gestation to parturition. After parturition, all sows were allowed to consume a standard, corn-soybean meal-based lactation diet, ad libitum, during a 28-d lactation. Prepartum administration of butanediol, a stable, nonvolatile liquid that possesses anesthetic, antimicrobial and ketogenic properties, did not alter the voluntary feed intake or body weight changes of sows pre- or post-partum. Number of pigs born per litter, average pig birth weight and incidence of stillbirths were not influenced by the prepartum diet of the sows. However, the addition of butanediol to the prepartum diet increased (P less than .10) the number of pigs weaned per litter at 28 d by .51 pigs (8.17 vs 7.66) and improved (P less than .10) the survival rate of pigs from birth to weaning by 5.7 percentage units (84.1 vs 78.4%) compared with those of sows fed isocaloric additions of starch. Average pig weights at 28 d of age were similar for the two treatment groups (6.18 vs 6.08 kg) even though greater numbers of pigs were nursing sows fed the butanediol diet prepartum. The rate and efficiency of gain and survivability of weanling pigs during a 28-d postweaning period were not influenced by the prepartum diet of their dam.     

基础日粮添加蜂胶对母猪生产性能的影响

为了研究蜂胶对母猪生产性能的影响,选择16头配种时间、胎次基本一致的长大妊娠母猪为材料,随机分成对照组和试验组。对照组只饲喂基础日粮,试验组则在基础日粮中添加蜂胶。试验从母猪妊娠81d进产房开始,到仔猪21日龄断奶后7d结束。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪断奶重平均提高0.62kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);成活率提高4.51%,差异显著(P<0.05);在哺乳和断奶前7d,试验组仔猪腹泻率分别比对照组低1.37%(P<0.05)、2.96%(P<0.01)。因此,蜂胶对提高母猪生产性能有较大促进作用。     

两种饲喂方式对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响研究

选取年龄、胎次、品种基本一致的哺乳母猪20头,随机分成对照组和试验组,试验分两批进行,每批10头。在相同的环境条件下,母猪自由饮水,饲喂同一哺乳母猪料。母猪分娩后4d内,采用原场饲养制度,逐步增加哺乳母猪采食量,第5天开始,对照组采用不限量饲喂,试验组采用限量和添加哺乳母猪补充料的饲喂方式,仔猪21日龄断奶。结果显示:两组仔猪21日龄的断奶窝重、母猪断奶后再发情时间和母猪哺乳失重等差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同复合诱食剂在仔猪教槽料和保育料中配合应用效果研究

本试验旨在研究香甜鲜复合诱食剂和香甜复合物诱食剂配合使用对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率及粪便微生物数量的影响。选取8窝7日龄的大白仔猪,随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,2个组分别用基础教槽料(对照组)和添加2 kg/t香甜鲜复合诱食剂的试验教槽料进行教槽训练。21日龄断奶时饲喂3 d粥状料过度(采食量无统计)。然后,分别在2个组中选取28头体重相近、体况良好的24日龄仔猪,每个组4个重复,继续饲喂相应教槽料。仔猪37日龄时更换保育料,对照组仍为基础保育料,试验组在基础保育料基础上添加0.8 kg/t香甜复合诱食剂,直至试验结束。试验期59 d。结果表明:1)经过前期教槽训练,与对照组相比,教槽料中添加香甜鲜复合诱食剂能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(P0.10),显著降低血清中胰高血糖素样肽-1的含量(P0.10)。2)在保育阶段,与对照组相比,保育料中添加香甜复合诱食剂能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.10)。综合分析,2种复合诱食剂在仔猪教槽料和保育料中配合应用可以提高仔猪的生长性能,对粪便微生物菌群和养分表观消化率没有影响。