杂交水稻母本工厂化育秧的机插制种模式探索

杂交水稻制种母本采用工厂化育秧、机插秧的栽培管理模式,对其主茎总叶数、苗穗数、播始历期、产量构成因素及产量等进行全程跟踪调查,同等条件下与手插母本作对照,结果表明:机插田母本的主茎总叶数减少、播始历期延长,总颖花数量、产量构成因素和产量有所降低。探索的结果认为:机插秧制种通过合理安排播差,肥水的协调统筹,可以取代手栽制种,不但解决了劳力的紧张和手工栽秧的实效性,而且达到了降本增效的效应。     

四川杂交水稻机械化制种配套栽培技术

根据2019-2020年的试验示范结果,父本比母本播始历期长25～30 d及播始历期相近的组合制种,父母本均机插或父本机插母本直播,与传统手栽相比,具有作业速度快、劳动强度低、效益高等优势,总结了杂交水稻机械化制种的配套关键技术,以期为杂交水稻制种机械化发展提供技术支撑.     

母本直播与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧同步技术在杂交水稻制种上的应用

在杂交水稻制种生产中,与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧技术方式、父本两段育长龄壮秧父母本同栽配套技术方式相比,母本直播与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧同步栽培技术能缩短父本秧龄,避免父本早穗,促进父本多穗大穗,增加父本花粉量,避免母本秧苗因寄插而造成的伤害,促使母本早发、多发低位蘖,增加母本库容量,进而提高制种产量,同时还能减少母本秧苗移栽花费的工时,节本增效.适用于父母本播差期(30 d以上)且父本秧龄弹性小的杂交稻组合夏秋制种.介绍了其制种技术要点.     

杂交水稻制种母本机插的父本栽培技术

正杂交水稻制种产量的高低,与母本、父本相互协调的异交特性密切相关,研究制种大田父本栽培技术对提高制种产量有十分重要的意义。只有确保父母本花期相遇,父本花粉量足,分蘖成穗多,颖花数达300万~400万朵/667 m2,开花时间长,花时长,有良好的授粉态势,制种产量才能得到保障。我们现将近几年的杂交水稻制种母本机插田的父本大田栽培技术作出总结,为大面积母本机插制种生产提供技术指导。     

杂交水稻制种母本机插秧特性研究

选择8个不育系进行制种母本机插秧特性试验,设计不同用种量、不同秧龄期机插秧处理,研究对播始历期、主茎叶片数、群体苗数、穗粒结构及抽穗动态等特性的影响。结果表明:制种母本机插秧的播始历期比人工移栽延长,机插秧龄延长则播始历期明显延长,机插用种量对播始历期影响较小;母本机插秧的基本苗数、最高苗数、有效穗数、总颖花数均高于人工育秧移栽;机插秧与人工移栽、不同秧龄期处理、不同用种量处理的群体抽穗特性差异较小。根据母本机插秧特性的变化提出了杂交水稻制种母本机插秧的配套技术。     

母本机械直播技术在杂交水稻集约化制种上的应用初探

在杂交水稻集约化制种中，将母本机械直播与湿润育秧大苗手段（简称手插）两种母本定植方法进行对比试验。结果表明，母本机械直播比手插可增产１２．５％，节约母本定值开支８３０元／ｈｍ＾２。采用母本机械直播技术还可大大提高劳动效率，降低劳动强度，在集约化制种时更能确保母本基本苗，显示出诱人的应用前景。     

优质杂交粳稻新组合紫祥优26母本精量穴直播制种高产技术

传统杂交水稻母本机插秧制种技术需要备土、制盘、运盘、育秧、插秧等诸多环节;母本开厢人工直播制种技术造成母本不成行、成穴不均匀,田间不通风,病虫害多且不方便田间人工去杂。母本精量穴直播制种技术克服了两者的缺点,综合了两者的优点。总结了优质杂交粳稻新组合紫祥优26在上海地区母本精量穴直播高产制种技术。     

杂交水稻母本抛秧制种技术在广西容县的应用

介绍了杂交水稻母本抛秧制种技术的意义和推广应用的主要障碍,针对母本抛秧与手插的差异,介绍了杂交水稻母本抛秧制种技术在广西容县的应用措施。     

籼粳杂交水稻制种父本机插机收技术初探

介绍了宁波市4年来籼粳杂交水稻制种父本机插机收的试验示范情况,分析比较了父本机插机收与人工插种收割的成本和制种产量,提出了杂交水稻父本机插机收的配套栽培技术。     

杂交粳稻常优5号机插与人工移栽制种对比研究

以杂交粳稻组合常优5号为材料,采用10行水稻制种专用型插秧机,设置机插和人工移栽的对比试验,分析了机插和人工移栽在叶龄动态、生育期以及制种产量等方面的差异。结果表明:机插移栽和人工移栽的母本叶龄动态、生育期、基本苗、有效穗数、穗形和制种产量等无显著差异,但机插移栽的结实率显著高于人工移栽;机插移栽每公顷节省移栽费用2 257.5元,显著节省人工,提高制种效率。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

龙眼种质资源果实经济性状的稳定性评价

为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。