乙烯利催熟番茄应用现状及对品质的影响

系统分析了山东省8个地市番茄生产中利用乙烯利催熟现状,针对番茄生产中使用乙烯利存在的问题,设计乙烯利对番茄不同的处理方式和处理剂量,探讨乙烯利不同使用方式对番茄成熟和品质的影响。结果表明:涂抹花梗处理方式对番茄成熟品相和品质的影响最小,正常使用剂量情况下Vc含量降低4.35~5.89%,番茄红素含量降低8.77~9.78%,可溶性固形物含量降低2.45~3.17%;随着使用剂量的提高,对番茄成熟品相和品质的影响加大。     

核桃中乙烯利农药残留分析方法

乙烯利,中文通用名为乙烯利,英文通用名为Ethephon,分子式为C_2H_6ClO_3P,是促进成熟的植物生长调节剂,广泛应用于坚果、水果和蔬菜中。通过实验建立了一种乙烯利在核桃中残留的分析方法,用0. 1%甲酸溶液超声振荡提取,C_(18)-SPE柱净化,LC-MS/MS方法对乙烯利在核桃中残留量进行定量分析。结果表明,该方法的定量限为0. 1mg/kg,乙烯利在0. 1～5. 0mg/kg添加水平,回收率为94%～105%,相对标准偏差为0. 82%～2. 64%。该方法的准确性和灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求,且实验方法操作简单。     

气相色谱法测定番茄中乙烯利的残留量

建立了一种气相色谱法(GC)测定番茄中乙烯利残留的方法。番茄样品经甲醇-盐酸溶液(V/V=95∶5)提取,无水乙醚萃取,重氮甲烷衍生化,采用GC-NPD检测。结果表明:该方法的平均回收率为92.85%~97.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.79%~4.38%(n=5),乙烯利的最小检出浓度为0.015 86mg/kg。该方法的杂质干扰少,准确性和灵敏度高,能快速测定出番茄中乙烯利的残留量。     

供求信息

农药的供求信息一直是厂家、商家都十分关心并急于要了解的。下面我们将从有关方面获取的一些农药售出的信息提供给大家 ,供参考。黑龙江省鹤岗市禾友农药有限公司为您提供 :敌草隆、禾草灵、苯噻草胺、敌稗 ;联系电话 :(０４６８)１３９０４８８ -１８８７。佳木斯黑龙农药化工有限股份公司为您提供 :２,４-Ｄ酸 (９８ %原药 )、２ ,４-Ｄ钠盐 (８５%原药 )、氟磺胺草醚 (９５%原药 ) ;联系电话 :(０４５４)８３３２２２５。山东大成农药股份有限公司为您提供 :乙烯利（４０%水剂）、乙膦铝（９０%原粉）、敌百虫（９０%原粉）、敌敌畏（９…     

乙烯利对昆明种小鼠的氧化应激作用

选用小鼠血清及脾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量为观察指标,从机体氧化和抗氧化系统是否失衡的角度研究了乙烯利的氧化应激作用。结果表明,乙烯利能明显降低小鼠血清及脾脏组织中SOD和GSH-Px的活性。其中:134,268 mg/kg bw剂量处理组血清SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.91% ,12.44%和4.18% ,8.54% ;268, 536 mg/kg bw剂量组脾脏SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.34% ,19.61%和9.72%,24.86% ;与对照组差异显著(PP<0.01)。结果显示,乙烯利能破坏小鼠机体氧化和抗氧化系统的平衡,引起氧化应激。     

烯虫酯原药中S-对映体的手性拆分及测定方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以正己烷及异丙醇混合溶剂为流动相,用CHIRALPAK AD-H色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,在270nm下,对烯虫酯对映体进行拆分,并用外标法测定烯虫酯中S体的含量,该方法的线性相关系数为:0.999 5,标准偏差为:0.20,变异系数为:0.21%,平均回收率为:99.55%,结果表明:该方法可用于测定S-烯虫酯原药的含量。     

三甲基硅重氮甲烷衍生化-气相色谱法测定水果蔬菜中乙烯利的残留

针对水果蔬菜中乙烯利的残留,建立了三甲基硅重氮甲烷衍生化-气相色谱的分析方法。样品用 V (甲醇) : V (盐酸) = 9:1的溶液提取,无水乙醚萃取,三甲基硅重氮甲烷衍生化15 min,采用气相色谱-质谱法定性,气相色谱仪-火焰光度检测器 (GC-FPD) 检测,外标法定量。结果显示:在0.01~2 mg/L范围内,乙烯利的质量浓度与其对应的峰面积间线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999 6;此方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,定量限为0.03 mg/kg;在辣椒、番茄、香蕉、苹果和梨的空白果蔬样品中分别添加0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg 3 个水平下,回收率为93%~102%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~7.3%。该方法准确度和灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,能准确并快速测定出水果、蔬菜中乙烯利的残留量。     

固相萃取净化-气相质谱法检测螃蟹可食部分的9种农药残留

建立了固相萃取(SPE)净化-气相质谱法定量定性测定螃蟹可食部分9种农药残留的方法。样品采用乙腈为溶剂高速匀浆提取,Carbon-NH_2固相萃取柱为净化手段,以丙酮:正已烷(9:1)为淋洗溶剂,淋洗体积10mL,气相色谱部分采用HP-5MS柱,质谱以选择离子模式(SIM)测定,外标法定量。结果表明螃蟹中乙烯菌核利、腐霉利、氯氰菊酯等9种农药在0.020、0.20、0.50mg/kg3个添加水平的回收率范围为73.3%～94.7%,RSD(n=3)均10,方法定量限为0.003～0.020mg/kg。该方法准确度和精密度符合检测要求,前处理简单快速,可满足螃蟹可食部分的乙烯菌核利、腐霉利、氯氰菊酯等9种农药残留的测定工作。     

催熟番茄中的乙烯利残留量及产品品质分析

主要研究了不同催熟处理方式和不同处理浓度对番茄果实中乙烯利残留的影响,以及番茄主要成分含量的变化。采用乙烯利田间催熟和浸果催熟两种方式,并选择不同处理浓度,通过顶空气相色谱、液相色谱等分析方法对相关指标进行检测。结果表明,浸果催熟番茄中乙烯利残留量普遍较高,处理浓度在4 000 mg/L时已达1.98 mg/kg,而当处理浓度在6 000 mg/L时,无论是田间催熟或浸果催熟,乙烯利残留量均超出最大允许残留限量(MRL)值(2 mg/kg),分别为2.29、3.14 mg/kg。以2 000 mg/L乙烯利溶液浸果催熟后,番茄中番茄红素、Vc、总糖和可溶性固形物含量分别下降55.6％、13.6％、13.6％和7.1％;而有机酸含量无明显改变。揭示高浓度乙烯利催熟会导致番茄中乙烯利残留量超标,经乙烯利催熟后番茄品质会有所下降。     

中生菌素原药有效成分高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法的建立

建立了采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析中生菌素(zhongshengmycins) 原药中各有效成分(链丝菌素A~F)的方法。原药用去离子水超声辅助提取后经离心过滤,反相离子对高效液相色谱分离,二级质谱检测,标准样品定量离子外标法定量。结果表明:在15.63~500 μg/mL质量浓度范围内,中生菌素原药各组分的仪器响应值与进样质量浓度之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数 R2>0.990 5;方法具有较好的精密度和准确度,6次重复进样,其相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.33% ~1.96%之间;在0.1、0.5和1 μg/mg 3个添加水平下,各组分的回收率在98.2% ~101.1%之间。样品实测结果表明:供试原药中链丝菌素D的含量最高,为297.65 μg/g;其次是链丝菌素B、C和F,含量分别为247.77、285.64和115.92 μg/g;链丝菌素A和E的含量较低,分别为15.63和19.60 μg/g。该方法能满足中生菌素原药中各有效成分定性及定量分析的要求。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

The use of Solacol® (validamycin) as a growth retardant in the isolation of soil fungi

Solacol^®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol^®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.