CXJZ95-198菌株果胶酶活力检测方法研究

本文采用DNS法,对影响CXJZ95-198菌株果胶酶活力测定的酶解反应条件进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明,酶解反应条件对酶活力测定值的影响明显,其中,温度、缓冲液种类、底物种类及其浓度对测定结果影响较大,缓冲液pH及DTT浓度对测定结果也有一定影响。测定该菌株果胶酶活力适宜的酶解反应条件为:温度50℃,底物桔子果胶S(igm a),底物浓度0.2%,缓冲液1/15m ol.L-1KH 2PO4-Na2H PO4(pH 5.2),DTT浓度为1.0m m ol.L-1。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及其产酶规律研究

本研究采用透明圈比较法,从质粒转化变异菌种资源中纯化出1个木聚糖酶高产菌株。同时,采用单因子和多因子相结合的方法及DNS法,对该菌株的适宜发酵条件和产酶规律及木聚糖酶活检测体系进行了初步研究。结果表明:该菌株在改良培养基中的对数生长期在1～7h之间,产酶高峰期在8h左右,发酵液酶活达到344U/ml;木聚糖酶活力检测采用0.1mol.L-1柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液,pH值5.2～5.8,木聚糖浓度0.8%,温度60℃,DNS用量为2.0～2.5m l。     

金柑果汁加工中的酶解工艺研究

通过单因素和正交试验对金柑果汁加工中的酶解工艺进行了研究。结果表明:当pH值为4.0,果胶酶用量为0.04%,酶解温度40℃,酶解时间4 h,在此条件下金柑出汁率高达83.2%,酶解工艺影响因素从大到小依次为:果胶酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH值。     

饲用大豆小肽生产工艺的研究

采用酶解法制备饲用大豆小肽,对反应温度、底物浓度、反应时间、pH值、酶用量等生产工艺参数及饲用大豆小肽的脱色、分离等精制工艺流程进行了系统的研究.结果表明:最适生产工艺参数为温度45～48℃,pH8.0,底物浓度6%～8%,酶用量2%(W/V),反应时间4 h.此条件下水解度高达80%左右,低聚肽(分子量≤500D)含量达到80%以上,以2～4个氨基酸链为主.此生产工艺具有成本低,工序简单,小肽含量高,质量好等优点.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及其产酶规律研究

本研究采用透明圈比较法，从质粒转化变异菌种资源中纯化出1个木聚糖酶高产菌株。同时，采用单因子和多因子相结合的方法及DNS法，对该菌株的适宜发酵条件和产酶规律及木聚糖酶活检测体系进行了初步研究。结果表明：该菌株在改良培养基中的对数生长期在1-7h之间，产酶高峰期在8h左右，发酵液酶活达到344U／ml；木聚糖酶活力检测采用0．1mol·L^-1柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液，pH值5．2—5．8，木聚糖浓度0．8％，温度60℃，DNS用量为2．0—2．5ml。     

双酶解法提取大豆蛋白的工艺研究

以豆粕粉为原料,加入高效蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶进行水解研究,对反应温度、底物浓度、反应时间、pH值、酶的用量及酶加入间隔的时间等工艺参数进行优化,并分析了大豆多肽的含量及蛋白质的水解度与各影响因素之间的关系.经过优化得到的反应条件为温度45℃,pH 7.5,液固比7: 1,加酶量为高效蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶各0.2 g,反应时间8 h,加酶间隔时间3 h.在此条件下,酶解后的蛋白质含量达85%、水解度为17.72%.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及产酶条件

从本实验室保存的46株纤维素分解菌中筛选出1株可高效降解半纤维素的木聚糖酶高产菌株APS35,其酶活力高达31.801IU.g-1,比APS02（对照）高4.91倍。产酶条件优化结果表明,以水稻秸秆为底物,APS35产木聚糖酶的最适条件：培养温度28℃,培养时间3-4d,稻草粉与麸皮比4∶1,接种量10%,氮源为酵母膏（总氮量0.4%）,pH为4.0,吐温80浓度0.4%。在此条件下的木聚糖酶活力为32.024IU.g-1,与优化前无显著差异。     

Protex7L中性蛋白酶改性大豆分离蛋白的工艺研究

利用中性蛋白酶Protex 7L对大豆分离蛋白进行改性研究,以水解度和蛋白质分散指数为评价指标,确定了中性蛋白酶Protex 7L改性大豆分离蛋白的最佳酶解反应条件:加酶量13.5AU/g大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为10%、pH值为7.0,酶解时间为1h.在上述条件下大豆分离蛋白的分散性得到显著改善,蛋白质分散指数(PDI值)达到91.8%.     

Alcalase2．4L碱性内切蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白的工艺研究

以大豆分离蛋白为研究对象,采用碱性内切蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L作为水解大豆分离蛋白的酶制剂,探讨碱性内切蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L对大豆分离蛋白的影响.本实验以水解度和蛋白质分散性指数为评价指标,确定了Alcalase 2.4L酶解大豆分离蛋白的最佳酶解反应条件:加酶量0.004 8AU/g、pH值为7.4、底物浓度11%、反应温度65℃、酶解时间50min.该条件下大豆分离蛋白的分散性得到显著改善,蛋白质分散指数PDI值达到92.8%.     

大豆分离蛋白生产降血压肽酶解技术研究

选用6种蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,根据ACE抑制率高低,最终选择胰蛋白酶为最佳蛋白酶。通过单因素试验和L16(45)正交试验研究底物浓度、水解时间、酶与底物比、温度和pH值对酶解液降血压活性的影响,确定了水解最优条件组合。结果表明:底物浓度5%,水解时间6 h,酶和底物比为0.08,温度为50℃,pH值为8.0时,所得水解液ACE抑制率最高,为76.8%。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

农杆菌注射法瞬时转化荔枝果实组织的研究

为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD₆₀₀值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。     

《生物安全法》实施背景下基因编辑技术的安全评价与监管

2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编...