岗梅根醇提物抗炎活性的实验研究

为了研究岗梅根醇提物的抗炎活性,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法和醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高法观察岗梅根醇提物的抗炎作用。结果表明,岗梅根醇提物对炎症早期的渗出和后期结缔组织增生均有较明显的抑制作用(P0.05)。结论:岗梅根醇提物具有显著的抗炎活性。     

清宫液2号急性毒性试验

为了测定清宫液2号的急性毒性,先经预试验确定最小致死量(Dn)和全致死量(Dm),根据结果将50只小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只(雌、雄各半),分别为清宫液2号每千克体重16500 mg、20000 mg、24000 mg和30000 mg剂量组和生理盐水每千克体重60 mL剂量组,采用改良寇氏法,腹腔注射给药后连续观察7 d,确定清宫液2号的急性毒性,并测定清宫液2号小鼠腹腔注射的LD50。结果表明,小鼠腹腔注射清宫液2号的LD50为(23248.77±692.60)mg/kg,该值大于5000 mg/kg,所以清宫液2号为实际无毒物质,对小鼠腹腔注射无急性毒性作用。     

川楝素腹腔注射对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50)的测定

用寇氏(karber)法测定了川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50).取90只小鼠,雌雄各半,体重(25±2)g.以10%丙二醇生理盐水为溶媒,按序贯法测出川楝素腹腔注射小鼠100%致死率;将高剂量组与低剂量组的组间剂量比设定为1.2,染毒测定其LD50.结果川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的LD50为13.84 mg/kg,95%可信限为12.46～15.37 mg/kg.     

红茂草水提取物腹腔注射对小鼠半数致死量的测定

用寇氏法测定了红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。取70只昆明系小白鼠,雌雄各半,体重(20±2)g,按序贯法测出红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠100%致死率的最小剂量和0%致死率的最大剂量,染毒测定其LD50。结果红茂草水提取物腹腔注射小鼠的LD50为1777.5 mg/kg,95%可信限为1585.7mg/kg~1992.5 mg/kg。     

岗梅根醇提物抗炎活性的试验研究

为了研究岗梅根醇提物的抗炎活性,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法和醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高法观察岗梅根醇提物的抗炎作用。结果表明,岗梅根醇提物对炎症早期的渗出和后期结缔组织增生均有较明显的抑制作用（P〈0．05）,提示岗梅根醇提物具有显著的抗炎活性。     

喹胺醇对小白鼠精子致畸性试验

用昆明小白鼠为靶动物，进行了小鼠精子畸形试验，研究以喹胺醇的致畸作用。选择成年健康雄性昆明种小鼠30只（体重28－32g），随机分成6组。喹胺醇分为450mg/kg(1/20LD50），750mg/kg(1/12LD50），1000mg/kg(1/9LD50）和1500mg/kg(1/6LD50）4个剂量组，用2％吐温－80配成混悬液灌胃，阴性对照组2％吐温－80灌胃，阳性对照组用环磷酰胺（40mg/kg）腹腔注射，连续5d。结果表明，喹胺醇对小白鼠精子无致畸作用。     

中兽药丹连花子宫灌注液的急性毒性试验及黏膜刺激性试验

为了评价丹连花子宫灌注液的急性毒性和黏膜刺激性,试验采用小鼠灌服和腹腔注射丹连花子宫灌注液的方法测定半数致死量(LD50)、最大耐受量及最大耐受倍数,通过阴道灌注给药评价其对黏膜的刺激性。结果表明:小鼠灌胃和腹腔注射丹连花子宫灌注液的LD50均大于5 000 mg/kg,灌胃和腹腔注射给药最大耐受量分别为93 200 mg/kg和20 000 mg/kg,最大耐受倍数分别为466倍和100倍,阴道黏膜眼观刺激评分为0.78分,组织病理反应刺激反应评分为1.67分,刺激指数为0.67分,属于无刺激性。说明丹连花子宫灌注液毒性低,黏膜刺激轻微,使用安全。     

银杏叶对小鼠抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的：观察不同剂量银杏叶水煎醇沉液对小鼠的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法：采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳壳肿胀法,50只小鼠随机均分5组,分别为银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射高（10.0 g/kg）、中（5.0 g/kg）、低（2.5 g/kg）剂量组,空白对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,阳性对照组腹腔注射地塞米松（10 mg/kg）,连续给药6 d,测定小鼠耳廓的肿胀率和肿胀抑制率;采用热板法测定小鼠的镇痛作用,取合格小鼠100只随机均分10组,分别为银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射和水煎液灌胃高（10.0 g/kg）、中（5.0 g/kg）、低（2.5 g/kg）剂量组,空白对照组腹腔注射和灌胃等量生理盐水,阳性对照组腹腔注射和灌胃安乃近（20 mg/kg）,给药后30 m in测定小鼠的痛阈值的变化。结果：腹腔注射银杏叶水煎醇沉液各剂量组小鼠耳廓肿胀率均低于生理盐水组（P〈0.01）,其肿胀抑制率以高剂量组最高;与生理盐水组比较,腹腔注射银杏叶水煎醇沉液各个剂量组痛阈值均明显提高（P〈0.01）;灌胃给药高剂量组有镇痛作用（P〈0.01）。结论：银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射对小鼠具有较强的抗炎和镇痛作用,灌胃给药镇痛效果相对较差。     

玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素及黄曲霉毒素B1联合染毒对小鼠睾丸的影响

试验旨在探究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)和黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB₁)联合染毒对小鼠睾丸的毒性作用。选用60只8周龄SPF ICR小鼠，适应性饲养10 d后，将体重相近(38.88±0.29)g的48只小鼠随机分为4组，每组12只，低剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(LD组)腹腔注射10mg/kgBWZEN+1 mg/kg BW DON+0.5 mg/kg BW AFB₁，中剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(MD组)腹腔注射20 mg/kg BW ZEN+1.5 mg/kg BW DON+1 mg/kg BW AFB₁，高剂量霉菌毒素联合染毒组(HD组)腹腔注射30 mg/kg BW ZEN+2 mg/kg BW DON+2 mg/kg BW AFB₁，对照组(CON组)腹腔注射等量玉米油。腹腔注射24 h后处死小鼠，采集附睾精子及睾丸组织样本。结果表明：与CON组相比，LD组(P<0.05)、MD组(P<0.001)、HD组(P<0.001)精子活性均降低；与CON组相比，霉菌毒素联合染...     

单诺沙星对昆明种小白鼠的急性毒性研究

对昆明种小白鼠口服、腹腔注射、静脉注射单诺沙星的急性毒性进行了研究。按简化机率单位法测行单诺沙星对小白鼠的品服LD50为2251.84mg/kg,LD50的95％可信限为1829．28－2674．32mg/kg，LD90为4207．11mg/kg，LD10为1025．26mg/kg。腹腔注射单诺沙星的LD50为300．95mg/kg，LD50的95％可信限为267．74－325．12mg/kg，LD90为388．31mg/kg，LD10为223．26mg/kg。静脉注射单诺沙星的LD50为52．02mg/kg，LD50的95％可信限为50．43－53．57mg/kg，LD90为57．29mg/kg，LD10为47．26mg/kg。表明单诺沙星的毒性较低。     

药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加不同水平药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、采食行为、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响.试验将60头平均体重为82.76 kg的绵羊随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头.3组绵羊在10?w的试验期中分别饲喂基础日粮+0、80和160?mg/kg药物复合植物提取物.结果:80?mg/kg植物提取物组绵羊的平均...     

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT ANTIDOTES AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL NITRATE INTOXICATION IN RABBITS

The antidotal efficacy of aqueous garlic extract, methylene blue, and velenium (Vitamin E + sodium selenite) was compared against experimental nitrate intoxication in rabbits. Forty-two, albino rabbits of identical age, gender, and body weight were randomly divided into 7 groups (A to G) and subjected to experimental treatments for a period of 40 days. Rabbits of group A were offered only normal feed and served as negative control, while, rabbits of group B constituted the positive control group and received feed supplemented with sodium nitrate at 400 mg/kg body weight. Sodium nitrate-containing feed and intraperitoneal injection of 1% methylene blue solution at 2 mg/kg body weight were administered to group C. Rabbits of group D were given sodium nitrate-supplemented feed and aqueous garlic extract at 500 mg/kg body weight through oral route. Group E was treated with sodium nitrate-added feed, intraperitoneal injection of 1% methylene blue solution at 2 mg/kg body weight, and oral administration of garlic extract at 500 mg/kg. Velenium (25 mg of Vitamin E + 2.2 mg of sodium selenite per ml) was intraperitoneally injected at 1 ml/kg body weight to rabbits of group F along with the provision of sodium nitrate-supplemented feed. In addition to being fed with sodium nitrate-containing feed, group G obtained intraperitoneal injection of velenium at 1 ml/kg body weight and oral administration of garlic extract at 500 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of antidotes was assessed on the basis of changes in blood nitrite level, biochemical profile, and gross pathological lesions manifested by the treated rabbits. The combination of methylene blue and garlic extract was highly effective in treating nitrate toxicity followed by methylene blue, garlic extract, and velenium, respectively. Whereas, the concurrent administration of garlic extract and velenium was least efficacious in terms of antidotal efficacy. In conclusion, aqueous garlic extract can be effectively used either alone or in combination with methylene blue when treating rabbits diagnosed with nitrate toxicity.     

地胆头提取物的急性和亚急性毒性研究

采用650mL／L乙醇热回流浸提结合冰冻干燥法,制备了地胆头提取物。分别给昆明种雄性小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的地胆头提取物,研究该提取物对小鼠的急性毒性和亚急性毒性试验。结果表明,地胆头提取物对供试小鼠腹腔注射的LD50为2123．24mg／kg,959／6可信限为1742.86mg／kg～2503．62mg／kg,地胆头提取物对供试小鼠属于低毒。亚急性毒性试验结果表明,地胆头提取物未引起供试小鼠临床表现和体重异常,未引起心、肺和肾等脏器的病理变化,但高剂量的地胆头提取物能够导致肝脏中央静脉轻度充血。     

抗菌肽粗提物对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮不同水平抗菌肽粗提物对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响。将480只210日龄海赛克斯褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加200、400、600 mg/kg抗菌肽粗提物的试验日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮添加200 mg/kg抗菌肽粗提物能显著提高蛋鸡的蛋黄相对重(P<0.05),对回肠内大肠杆菌有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),而对其他指标并无显著性影响(P>0.05);日粮添加400 mg/kg抗菌肽粗提物能显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率和蛋黄相对重(P<0.05),降低白蛋白和血糖含量(P<0.05),显著降低回肠大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05);日粮添加600 mg/kg抗菌肽粗提物能够显著提高血清SOD活性(P<0.05),而对其他指标无显著性影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡日粮中添加400 mg/kg抗菌肽粗提物效果最佳。     

The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs

Forty-eight helminth-free lambs were divided into eight groups (A-H) of six animals. Groups A-G were infected artificially with 10,000 third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and 20,000 third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, whereas group H remained uninfected. Thirty days post-infection the lambs were treated orally with a single dosage of one of the following products: group A with 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) of an aqueous ethanol extract (70%, v/v) of the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss syn. Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae); group B with 1 g/kg BW of a raw powder of the leaves of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae); group C with 0.3 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of a 1:1 mixture (g/g) of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae) seeds and Embelia ribes Burm (Myrsinaceae) fruits; group D with 183 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of the whole plants of Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae); group E with 28 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of the seeds of Caesalpinia crista L. (Caesalpiniaceae); group F with 25 mg/kg BW of pyrantel tartrate and group G with 50% ethanol. Group H remained untreated. Only the ethanol extract of F. parviflora caused a strong reduction of the faecal egg counts (100%) and a 78.2 and 88.8% reduction of adult H. contortus and T. colubriformis on day 13 post-treatment. The extract was as effective as the reference compound pyrantel tartrate. Therefore, the ethanol extract itself or single constituents of F. parviflora could be a promising alternative source of anthelmintic for the treatment of gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in small ruminants.     

Anthelmintic activity of Cocos nucifera L. on intestinal nematodes of mice

In this study, we evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the liquid extracted from the bark of the green coconut (LBGC), as well as butanol extract obtained from LBGC, on mouse intestinal nematodes. Thirty-six naturally infected mice were distributed into six groups receiving the following treatments: Group I: 1000 mg/kg of LBGC; Group II: 2000 mg/kg of LBGC; Group III: 500 mg/kg of butanol extract; Group IV: 1000 mg/kg of butanol extract; Group V: 0.56 mg/kg febendazole; and Group VI: 3% dimethylsulfoxide. The chemical composition of the LBGC and its butanol extract was determined by phytochemical tests. A dose of 1000 mg/kg of butanol extract had 90.70% efficacy in reducing the mouse worm burden (p < 0.05). Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of triterpens, saponnins and condensed tannins in the LBGC and butanol extracts. These results suggest that Cocos nucifera extracts may be useful in the control of intestinal nematodes.     

Effect of ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng on cardiovascular function in dogs.

Ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng were serially prepared from Korean ginseng plants. Each extract in the dose of 40 mg/kg was administered intravenously to ten dogs under light halothane anesthesia while 11 cardiovascular variables were compared during the ensuing two hours. The variable included cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit. Following the administration of the ether extract (40 mg/kg) the heart rate and the central venous pressure decreased significantly. The administration of ethanol extract (40 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. After the administration of the aqueous extract (40 mg/kg) the cardiac output, stroke volume and central venous pressure were significantly decreased, while the total peripheral resistance was significantly increased.     

百香果籽提取物对肉兔生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化指标的影响

文章旨在评估饲料添加不同水平百香果籽提取物对肉兔生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化指标的影响.试验将144只50?d平均体重为(668.38±1.55)g的肉兔随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只肉兔.在为期7周的饲养期间,对照组肉兔饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肉兔分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg百香果籽提取物....     

山银花和黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化机能的影响

本试验旨在检测山银花和黄芩提取物(以下称"植物提取物")对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和抗氧化机能的作用效果。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加125、250、500 mg/kg植物提取物,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高21~42、1~42日龄的平均日增重,显著降低耗料增重比;添加500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸腺、法氏囊指数;添加500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清过氧化氢酶活力、降低丙二醛水平。总之,肉鸡饲粮中添加植物提取物可以提高生长性能、促进免疫器官发育、提高抗氧化机能,以添加500 mg/kg植物提取物的效果最佳。     

Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats

The toxic effects of an aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius were studied in 20 male white rats over a period of 18 days. The rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Those in Group A served as controls while the rats in Groups B, C and D were dosed per os with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis and specimens of the liver, kidney and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The study showed that the extract of A. precatorius caused decreased levels of packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The extract also resulted in increased levels of total serum protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histologically, testicular degeneration characterized by decreased numbers of lining cells of the epithelium as well as reduction in sperm cells with presence of scattered Sertoli cells were noted. The study thus showed that aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius is toxic and caution should be exercised in its use for medicinal purpose.