甘蓝型油菜新不育系恢复材料花药培养影响因素的研究（英文）

Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile(NER).Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow:① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER.②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups.From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level.The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually.③The combined use of 2,4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus.④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L.Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L,6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet induction rate.     

Effects of CuSO4 and Uniconazole on Mature Embryo Culture in Japonica Rice

In order to establish the system of high frequency plant regeneration for japonica rice mature embryos, the effects of different concentrations of CuSO4 and uniconazole on in vitro culture of mature embryos were studied using three rice cultivars of Kongyu 131, Longjing 24, and Dongnong 425 as test materials. The results showed that callus induction and differentiation of japonica rice mature embryos were apparently improved on the medium with 10-15 μmol·L-1 CuSO4 and 0.50-1.00 mg·L-1 uniconazole. Induction and differentiation rates of different genotype rice mature embryos displayed different sensitivities to CuSO4 and uniconazole. For the callus induction frequency of three varieties, the optimal concentration of CuSO4 was 15.0 mol·L-1. When the concentration of CuSO4 was 15 μmol·L-1, the plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425 got to the highest, while the concentration of CuSO4 was 10 μmol·L-1 for Longjing 24. For the callus induction and plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425, the ideal concentration of uniconazole was 0.50 mg·L-1 and for Longjing 24 was 1.00 mg·L-1.     

Tissue Culture System for Different Hybrid of Indica Rice

The effect of varieties and media compositions on callus induction from rice anther and subsequent plant regeneration was studied. The results showed that the callus induction was not significantly different in different media, but mostly depended on genotypes; mean frequency of callus induction on F1 hybrid varieties showed that the medium supplemented with 100 mg · L-1 concentration of the proline was useful for callus induction; when the anther derived callus sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with B...     

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily＂Prato＂

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily(Lilium spp.) were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS+[6-BA(0.5)+KT(2.0)+2,4-D(1.0)] mg·L-1.The rate of callus diffe...     

枸杞花药培养的初步研究(英文)

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.     

Effect of Different Treatment on Anther Callus Formation and Browning in Balsam Pear （Mornordica charantia L.）

Brown callus derived from anther limited the application of anther culture in balsam pear. In order to establish a more perfect regeneration system from anther cultuer, the effects of low temperature pretreatment, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, vitamin C （Vc） and silver nitrate （AgNO3） on callus induction and browning in anther culture of balsam pear （Momordiea charantia L.） were investigated. The results showed that after pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 1 day, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was the lowest. Anthers on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L formed more and better callus. The medium supplemented with Vc or AgNO3 was advantageous to the induction of callus and reduction of browning. When cultured on medium supplemented with 50 mg/L Vc or 5 mg/L AgNO3, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was rather low.     

百蕊草无性系建立与瓶外生根研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish the rapid micro-propagation system in Thesium chinense Turcz.[Method]With stem fragments of wild Thesium chinense Turcz as explants,different culture media were designed to conduct induction culture,strengthening plantlet culture and in vitro rooting.[Result]The optimum medium for inducing clustered shoots was determined to be MS medium appended with 1.5 mg/L 6-BA,0.01 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D;in addition,60 mg/kg ABT was suitable for rooting,by which the percentage of rooted plantlets reached 76.6%.[Conclusion]This study simplified the procedures of tissue culture in Thesium chinense Turcz and enhanced the proliferation rate,providing basis for artificial cultivation and resource protection of Thesium chinense Turcz.     

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.     

Effects of Anti—microtuble Herbicide APM on anther Culture in Rice

Significant differences in the effects of aminoprophosmethyl(APM) on ather culture were observed among 6 Australian cultivars in rice,APM had improved anther culture efficienncy in 5 cultivars,but decreased the induce rate of callus in one.     

Effect and Functional Mechanism of the Action of Exogenous Gibberellin on Flowering of Peach

This study was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellin and its possible mechanism of action on peach flower formation. At flower induction, 100 mg L^-1 of gibberellic acid 3 （GA3） was sprayed on the leaves of peach [Prunus persica （L.） Batsch.] cv. Bayuecui. Using anatomy, immunohistochemistry, and semi-quantitation, the in situ distribution of GAs and the expression of the key genes involved in peach flower formation in the apical meristem were studied during flowering differentiation. The results showed that induction of flowering in the Bayuecui peach occurred prior to 10 July in Beijing, China. Flower induction and further differentiation of the peach flower organs were significantly inhibited by leaf-spraying of GA3 at a concentration of 100 mg L^-1 during the induction stage. The flowering rate was only 11.67% after treatment. The distribution of GA1 in the apical meristem varied during the process of flower bud differentiation. From 13 June to 25 July, the GA1 signal from control plants was detected mainly in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. No GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem. After treatment with GA3, the distribution was similar to that of the control from 13 June to 3 July. On 13 July, a GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem accompanied by an increase in the GA1 signal in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. The GA1 signal weakened significantly in both the vascular bundles and the apical meristem on 25 July. The expression of the genes PpLEAFY and MADS6 in flower buds could be detected only on 10 October in the GA3-treated plants. The critical period for flower induction of Bayuecui peach in Beijing was in early July, during which time, leaf-spraying with 100 mg L-1 GA3 could effectively inhibit flower induction and further differentiation of the flower buds. GA1 in the gibberellin family was the suppressor for flower induction in peach. Its action was affected by the stage of flower bud differentiation. Expression of the key gen     

铁在寒地早粳花药培养中的效应研究

铁是水稻花培培养基的重要成分.通过对7份寒地早粳组合F1(或品系)花药在不同Fe2 含量培养基上离体培养,发现培养基中的Fe2 的含量对诱导率、绿苗分化率影响较大.结果表明在N6培养基中将Fc2 提高到32～40mg/kg诱导率最大,高于N6培养基(Fe2 含量为5.6mg/kg)1.4倍以上.在此以内随着Fe2 含量的增加诱导率增加,大于此含量诱导率降低,呈单峰曲线分布.分化培养基中Fe2 含量增加到40mg/kg分化率显著降低.但在32～40mg/kgFe2 培养基上诱导出的愈伤组织在MS培养基上的绿苗分化率差异明显,85.7%材料可使绿苗生产率提高到7.8%左右.因此适当提高诱导培养基中Fe2 含量可提高寒地早粳的花培效率.     

不同培养基和激素对超级杂交稻花药培养力的影响

以超级杂交稻两优培九F1的花药为材料,探讨不同诱导培养基、分化培养基及植物激素等因素对其花药培养效果的影响。结果表明：（1）不同的培养基表现出不同的花培效果,培养基和基因型间存在着一定的互作效应,其中改良M8培养基表现出对不同基因型材料有较广的适应性和较强的绿苗诱导作用。（2）诱导培养基中添加1．5mg／L 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）与1．5mg／L萘乙酸（NAA）配比的组合比添加2．0mg／L 2,4-D的组合绿苗分化率高1．17—2．80个百分点。（3）MS分化培养基中添加2．0mg／L 6-苄基氨基嘌呤（6-BA）配比的比添加2．0mg／L激动素（KT）配比的绿苗分化率高2．52个百分点。     

水稻光温敏核不育系花药培养的初步研究

利用光温敏核不育系材料蜀光 6 37S、蜀光 5 70S、蜀光 5 82S ,研究了花粉发育的不同时期、头季稻和再生稻、低温预处理时间、诱导培养基和分化培养基等 5个方面对花粉愈伤组织的形成与绿苗再生的影响。结果表明 :小孢子发育单核中 ,晚期的花药诱导效果优于其他时期 ;头季稻的愈伤及绿苗诱导率明显高于再生稻 ;低温预处理时间的延长有利于花粉诱导率的提高 ,处理 8d左右达到最高诱导率 ;培养基SK3、NB对大多数材料的诱导效果优于其他培养基 ;增加IAA和少量的 6 -BA对提高分化率有益     

BN-2在小麦花药培养中的应用

研究了BN－2对小麦花药培养效率的影响。结果表明，在诱导培养中添加BN－2可明显缩短出愈时间3－7d，提高花药愈伤组织诱导率，BN－2在低浓度1．0－5．0ug/L对愈伤组织诱导起促进作用，而当浓度升到10．0ug/L时，则有抑制愈伤组织形成的趋势，BN－2与KT配合使用对绿苗的分化及产量效果更好，适宜的浓度的配比为KT0．5mg/L BN-21.0ug/L,结苗率和绿苗产量分别较对照提高40．6％和46．1％。     

液体培养基在水稻花药培养中的应用研究

采用两种培养方式(液体培养基诱导法、固体培养基诱导法)对水稻花药进行培养,结果表明,液体培养基诱导法与固体培养基诱导法培养时间相当,但液体培养基诱导法的出愈率及绿苗分化率均提高10%左右,由此认为,液体培养基诱导法是提高水稻花药培养效率的可行方法。     

草莓花药培养植株再生率影响因素分析

[目的]提高草莓花药培养效率。[方法]以草莓品种“丰香”为材料,研究了不同条件对诱导花药愈伤组织和绿苗分化的影响。[结果]8℃预处理3d,草莓花药的愈伤组织诱导率可达64.8％,显著高于处理5d（46．5％）和不经低温处理（40．3％）的诱导率。22℃和25℃培养时,愈伤组织诱导率分别为61．30％和68．36％,前者的愈伤组织优于后者。激素组合BA 0．2mg／L＋KT 1．0mg／L＋NAA 2．0mg／L的出愈率达61．57％,且愈伤质量较好。黄绿色颗粒状、绿色致密、淡黄色蓬松等3种愈伤组织分别占11．5％、49．0％、39．5％。愈伤组织在激素组合ZT 2．0mg／L＋BA 0．5mg／L＋NAA 0．2mg／L中的分化率最高,可达11．28％。生根培养后,花培植株生根率达98％。[结论]得到了草莓花药培养的适宜条件。     

小麦花药培养效率的影响因素研究

【目的】研究影响小麦花药培养特性的因素,优化小麦花药培养条件,提高小麦花药培养效率。【方法】以10个普通小麦品种(系)及其16个杂交F₁代花药为材料,研究了普通小麦基因型、基本培养基种类及低温预处理时间、诱导培养基附加脯氨酸和硝酸铈对小麦花药培养特性的影响。【结果】不同基因型小麦花药培养特性差异较大,供试基因型的花药反应率与愈伤组织诱导率相关性高,而两者与绿苗分化率无相关性。荔高6号×置丰0502 F₁、周麦16×BI0452 F₁、烟农19×开麦18 F₁、豫麦69×新麦208 F₁、煤生0308和皖麦41×烟农19 F₁有较高的绿苗产率;基本培养基种类对供试小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率、反应率、绿苗产率有显著影响,对绿苗分化率影响不显著,癸培养基小麦花药培养特性总体优于C₁₇培养基;小麦花药低温预处理时间以0.5 d最佳;在诱导培养基中加入3.0～4.5 mg/L硝酸铈后,小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率提高83%～430%,绿苗产率提高82%～557%;600 mg/L的脯氨酸可以使小麦花药的愈伤组织诱导率提高118%,绿苗产率提高222%。【结论】选择花药培养特性好的基因型、对花药低温预处理0.5 d、在癸诱导培养基中添加4.5 mg/L硝酸铈和600 mg/L脯氨酸,可大幅度提高小麦花药的培养效率。     

甘蓝型油菜新不育系恢复材料花药培养影响因素的研究

新不育系（NEA）材料是一种不同于波里马细胞质雄不育系（Polcms）的新胞质雄不育系,该不育系不育性彻底、性状一致、遗传稳定、蜜腺和柱头发育正常、叶色深绿、生长势强、配合力高。经过多年的努力研制出了新不育恢复系（NER）。该试验就这一特殊材料进行花药培养,研究影响该材料的花培影响因素,为以后培育大量花培植株构建DH群体,进行遗传性状、分子标记和基因定位研究以及迅速纯化单倍体等更好地利用该新材料打下基础。     

宁夏水稻不同外植体再生体系的研究

以4个水稻品种为材料,研究了不同外植体和基因型的组织培养特性。结果表明,不同外植体的组织培养特性差异较大,总体表现为幼胚优于成熟胚优于花药。基因型对水稻组织培养影响较大,成熟胚和幼胚为外植体时宁粳34培养效果最好,愈伤组织诱导率分别为71.9%、81.5%,绿苗分化率分别为51.0%、63.3%;花药为外植体时宁粳35的培养效果较好。不同培养基对不同外植体和基因型品种的培养效果不同,成熟胚为外植体时,NB培养基对宁粳16和宁粳35有利;幼胚培养时NB培养基对宁粳35和宁粳38有利;花药培养中宁粳35在A4培养基上表现出较好的培养特性,和N6相比绿苗分化率显著提高。