甘蓝型油菜新不育系恢复材料花药培养影响因素的研究（英文）

Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile(NER).Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow:① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER.②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups.From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level.The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually.③The combined use of 2,4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus.④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L.Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L,6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet induction rate.     

枸杞花药培养的初步研究(英文)

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.     

Tissue Culture System for Different Hybrid of Indica Rice

The effect of varieties and media compositions on callus induction from rice anther and subsequent plant regeneration was studied. The results showed that the callus induction was not significantly different in different media, but mostly depended on genotypes; mean frequency of callus induction on F1 hybrid varieties showed that the medium supplemented with 100 mg · L-1 concentration of the proline was useful for callus induction; when the anther derived callus sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with B...     

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily＂Prato＂

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily(Lilium spp.) were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS+[6-BA(0.5)+KT(2.0)+2,4-D(1.0)] mg·L-1.The rate of callus diffe...     

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.     

Effects of Auxins and Media on Callus Induction of Chinese Spring Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）

The effects of auxins and media on callus induction from the mature and immature embryos of Chinese spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties were investigated. It was found that genotype, medium, auxin source and concentration had the significant effects on the induction of embryogenic callus, explants germination and the increment of callus fresh weight. For immature embryos cultured on MS medium, 2 mg L^-1 of 2, 4-D was optimal, and the highest frequency of embryogenic callus （33.50%） was observed. For the mature embryos on N6 medium, 4 mg L^-1 of 2, 4-D was optimal. The frequency of embryogenic callus and increment of callus fresh weight on 2, 4, 5-T media were higher than those on 2, 4-D media, and in the presence of 2, 4, 5-T the precocious germination of explants for all genotypes were significantly suppressed. These results indicated that 2, 4, 5-T was superior to 2, 4-D and NAA in the culture of immature embryos. This is the first report about the effect of 2, 4, 5-T and NAA on wheat tissue culture, particularly in comparison with 2, 4-D in detail.     

Dicamba and Sugar Effects on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Mature Embryo Culture of Wheat

To establish a highly efficient plant regeneration system for wheat genetic transformation, the effects of three different concentrations of dicamba and two different sugar types on callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryo cultures were evaluated. Callus induction and plant regeneration were obtained from mature embryos of two commercial cultivars Zhoumai 18 and Yumai 34 （Triticum aestivum L.） cultured on L3 basal medium. The results showed that the efficiency of mature embryo culture was significantly influenced by the genotypes, sugar types and dicamba concentrations. 4 mg L^-1 dicamba proved the best effective for inducing embryogenic callus and also gave the highest proportion of plants regenerated across the two cultivars. Substitution of maltose by sucrose significantly improved the plant regeneration efficiency in both cultivars. There was a significant interaction between genotype-by-sugar types, and sugar types-bydicamba concentrations. Overall, Zhoumai 18 gave the highest frequency of plant regeneration （82.65%） when dicamba concentration was 4.0 mg L^-1 and with sucrose in initial callus induction. These results will facilitate genetic transformation work with elite wheat.     

Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort.

This research aims at developing a plant regeneration system from leaf and petiole explants of Anthurium andraeanum Hort., thereby establish a foundation for mass production and transformation. Using tissue culture technique, the conditions for callus induction, protocorm-like body （PLB） formation and plant regeneration from leaf explants and petiole of A. andraeanum, such as basal medium and plant growth regulator, were investigated. Totipotent callus was induced on a 1/2-strength MS medium containing 0.90 μmol L^-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） and 8.88μmol L^-1 N6-benzyladenine （BA）. The callus exhibited complete hormone autonomy for growth and differentiation of PLBs. This callus proliferated well and was maintained by subculturing on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.90 μmol L^-1 2,4-D and 4.44 μmol L^-1 BA. On average, 8 protocorm-like bodies could be obtained from a piece of 4 mm callus after being transferred to the 1/2 MS medium with 4.44 μmol L^-1 BA after 8 wk of culture. The regenerated PLBs formed shoots and roots on 1/2 MS medium. After 24 wk of culture on these medium, well-developed plantlets for potting were produced. An efficient micropropagation method was established for indirect PLB formation and plant regeneration from leaf and petiole ofA. andraeanum.     

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. - THINOPYRUM INTERMEDIUM ALLEN DISOMIC ADDITION LINES

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed from the immature embryos of Triticum aestivum L. Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines, which resistant to powdery mildew. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the callus induction and differentiation. The experiment studied the effects ofmature embryos. We found that the embryembryo size on callus induction and differentiation of the immature embryos. We found that the embryo size is critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Immature embryos (0.8 ~ 1.5 ram) showed high ability to produce embryogenie callus capable of regenerating green plants. The medium Murashige and Skoog‘ s (MS) added with 2mg/L 2, 4-diehlo-rophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. The embryogenic callus maintained high regeneration during six subcultures in the callus induction medium. Suitable time ofpartialdesiccation could effectively improve the regeneration capacity of the callus cultured for 3-4 month. Bud green spot and root green spot were observed during the differentiation of callus and the difference between them was described. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Plants were successfully transferred to soil and grew well. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for the study of somaclonal variation of Triticum aestivum L.- Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines.     

Experiment on Tissue Culture Technique of Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk

The study aimed to optimize the induction and differentiation medium by exploreing different tissue culture of Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk. In tissue culture with the root, stem segments, young leaf, cotyledonary node and axillary bud of Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk as explants, a lot of plantleles were obtained and the corresponding plant regeneration-system was established. The results showed that when use MS＋1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA as callus induction medium, the cotyledonary node had the highest bourgeon rate, and its callus was better than any others; MS＋2 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.4 mg·L^-1 NAA was the best adventitious buds induction medium, and the best adventitious buds induced condition was 3% sucrose as carbon source, illumination for 12-14 h·d^-1 and pH 5.8, The best rootage medium was 1/2 MS＋0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA.     

吉林省玉米生产省域尺度上比较优势研究

从播种面积指数、单产指数、效益指数以及综合比较优势指数的角度分析了吉林省玉米生产的比较优势。结果表明,和全国其他省份相比,吉林玉米播种面积指数和单产指数具有明显的比较优势,2002~2006年5年平均分别位于全国第1位和第4位;效益指数和全国平均水平相比不具有比较优势,2002~2006年5年平均位于全国第14位;综合比较优势指数具有明显的比较优势,2002~2006年5年平均位于全国第4位。在此基础上,提出吉林省发展玉米生产的对策建议。     

吉林省玉米生产省域尺度上比较优势分析及建议

从播种面积指数、单产指数、效益指数以及综合比较优势指数的角度分析了吉林省玉米生产的比较优势,结果表明,和全国其他省份相比吉林玉米播种面积指数和单产指数具有明显的比较优势,1997—2001五年平均均位于全国第三位;效益指数和全国平均水平相比具有比较优势,和全国优势省份相比不具有比较优势,1997—2001五年平均位于全国第十二位。综合比较优势指数具有明显的比较优势,1997~2001五年平均位于全国第四位。在此基础上,提出吉林省发展玉米生产的对策建议     

基于省域的中国甜瓜生产比较优势空间特征分析

[目的]分析中国甜瓜生产比较优势区域的空间特征,为中国甜瓜产业战略决策提供参考.[方法]以基于省域的中国甜瓜播种面积、总产量和单位面积产量为研究单元,系统分析中国甜瓜产量、效率、规模、集中度、综合比较优势、单位面积产量比、播种面积比及其空间分布特征.利用中国的农业统计资料,以产量比较优势指数、效率比较优势指数、规模比较优势指数、集中度比较优势指数、综合比较优势指数、单位面积产量比指数及播种面积比指数分析中国甜瓜生产比较优势状况,并通过“地图汇”软件在地图上进行空间表达.[结果]中国甜瓜生产优势区域依次为新疆、黑龙江、吉林、山东、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、江苏、湖北、湖南和上海等11个省（市、区）.东北和华中地区为中国甜瓜生产的综合比较优势区,华东、华北、西北和华南地区可作为后备发展区域,西南地区近年来在瓜类生产中优先发展甜瓜产业,其优势不断增强.[结论]中国各地区甜瓜生产仍需加强发挥规模效应和集聚效应,同时要进一步优化中国甜瓜产业的区域优势布局,充分协调甜瓜生产,使其达到区域间和季节性平衡,提高甜瓜专业化生产水平,推动区域间有序健康竞争.     

辽宁省6种主要农作物2005～2010年度的比较优势分析

运用改进的综合比较优势指数法,对辽宁省2005～2010年的6种主要农作物的种植规模、效率、效益和综合4个比较优势指数进行分析,结果表明在辽宁省6种主要农作物种植中,玉米和花生都具有综合比较优势,玉米综合优势指数、效率优势指数和规模优势指数都高于全国平均水平,但效益优势指数小于1;花生综合优势和规模优势均大于全国平均水平,但效率指数和效益指数低于全国平均水平;大豆综合优势指数低于或接近全国平均水平,而它的效率指数和效益指数都高于全国平均水平,主要是规模指数太小;甜菜和棉花同样不具备比较优势,综合比较优势指数小于1;棉花虽然效率优势大于全国平均水平,但棉花的规模呈极端劣势,也说明种植规模太小;烤烟规模优势指数变化不大,但效率优势指数变化很大,说明烤烟种植风险很大,不宜多种。在此基础上提出适合辽宁省农业发展水平的政策建议:①鼓励和扩大具有综合比较优势的经济作物玉米、花生的生产;②由于棉花的单位面积的产量高于平均水平,所以可以适当扩大棉花的生产规模;③烤烟的种植风险较高,不宜种植;④大豆是东北的优势传统农作物,所以效率和效益指数都高于全国平均水平,关键是规模优势太小,应该大量扩大大豆的生产面积;⑤缺乏比较优势的甜菜,可以适量调减种植面积,用于调节自然资源配置而加以种植。     

1981-2015年华北地区种植结构演变及其驱动机制分析

为明确农业生产资料投入和作物受灾面积对作物产量的影响以及作物综合比较优势指数对华北地区种植结构演变的影响。本研究利用综合比较优势指数和线性回归等方法分析1981—2015年河北、河南和山东3个华北地区粮食主产省的作物生产、农业生产投入和作物受灾面积等变化特征。结果表明:1)1981—2015年,华北地区玉米和花生种植面积均显著增加,大豆和棉花种植面积均显著减少,冬小麦和油菜种植面积保持相对稳定;冬小麦、玉米和花生总产量显著增加,大豆和棉花总产量显著下降;1981—2015年所有作物单位面积产量均显著增加,其中冬小麦、玉米和花生单位面积产量增加速率较快,大豆和棉花单位面积产量增速较慢;2)1981—2015年,华北地区氮肥、磷肥和钾肥等肥料投入和有效灌溉面积均显著增加,增长速率分别为14.3万t/年、7.2万t/年、7.3万t/年和12.2万hm~2/年;3)旱灾是影响华北地区作物生产的主要自然灾害,1981—2015年各省旱灾受灾面积显著减少;4)农业生产资料投入增加是作物单位面积产量提升的主要推动力,自然因素中旱灾是造成作物产量波动的主要因素,作物之间的比较优势是华北地区种植结构变化的主要驱动因子。     

吉林省玉米单产发展历程与提升路径分析

吉林省作为粮食主产省,是扛稳国家粮食安全重任的主力军。玉米是保障吉林省粮食安全的核心,而提升单产水平是玉米增产的必然途径。在梳理建国以来吉林省玉米单产发展历程的基础上,分析了良种对单产提升的贡献,并对吉林省玉米单产与国内外进行对比分析,指出了当前制约吉林省玉米单产提升的主要问题。为进一步提升吉林省玉米单产,提出应扎实开展种质资源保护鉴定评价工作、强化种质扩增改良、开展区域性玉米应用基础研究、突破关键核心育种技术、加快重大自主新品种智能化精准选育、创新黑土地绿色丰产生产技术等发展建议,为加快提升玉米产能、率先实现农业现代化、确保国家粮食安全提供了依据。     

延边地区种植业比较优势分析

依据比较优势原理，以规模优势指数和效率优势指数为基础形成综合比较优势指数，对吉林省延边地区的种植业比较优势进行测算，分析并提出了延边地区各县市及乡镇种植业的综合比较优势农产品。     

吉林省粮食作物比较优势及种植结构研究简

介绍了吉林省粮食作物种植面积和产量概况,基于大卫·李嘉图的比较优势理论,对吉林省主要粮食作物的效率比较优势指数、规模比较优势指数进行了计算和分析,结果显示：吉林省在水稻、玉米等主要粮食作物生产效率上与全国相比并无显著优势,但玉米、高梁、大豆等作物同全国相比具有规模优势。针对这一结论,对优化吉林省粮食作物种植结构及未来粮食增收提出了相应建议。     

吉林省玉米生产县域尺度比较优势分析

根据比较优势理论,应用综合比较优势指数法,对吉林省玉米生产县域尺度比较优势进行了测定和差异分析。结果表明,吉林省玉米生产不同县域之间综合比较优势存在着很大的差异,吉林省应当引导各县域按照比较优势的原理进行玉米生产结构的调整,实现玉米生产的合理布局和专业化生产,以充分发挥玉米生产的比较优势。     

吉林省马铃薯及主要农作物的比较优势分析

运用比较优势理论和效益分析方法测算了吉林省马铃薯及其主要农作物在全国农作物中的比较优势。结果表明,马铃薯、大豆、高粱、玉米在吉林省具有生产效率优势,高粱、玉米、大豆具有面积优势。通过对吉林省主要农作物生产效益分析得知水稻、玉米、马铃薯生产效益位于前三位,而玉米又以其位于黄金玉米带的得天独厚优势,在吉林省播种面积最大,成为吉林省第一大种植作物,水稻、马铃薯、大豆以其经济效益高在吉林省亦有较大的生产规模,成为吉林省种植结构中不可或缺的重要组成部分。