Effect of Different Treatment on Anther Callus Formation and Browning in Balsam Pear （Mornordica charantia L.）

Brown callus derived from anther limited the application of anther culture in balsam pear. In order to establish a more perfect regeneration system from anther cultuer, the effects of low temperature pretreatment, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, vitamin C （Vc） and silver nitrate （AgNO3） on callus induction and browning in anther culture of balsam pear （Momordiea charantia L.） were investigated. The results showed that after pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 1 day, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was the lowest. Anthers on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L formed more and better callus. The medium supplemented with Vc or AgNO3 was advantageous to the induction of callus and reduction of browning. When cultured on medium supplemented with 50 mg/L Vc or 5 mg/L AgNO3, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was rather low.     

甘蓝型油菜新不育系恢复材料花药培养影响因素的研究（英文）

Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile(NER).Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow:① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER.②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups.From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level.The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually.③The combined use of 2,4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus.④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L.Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L,6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet induction rate.     

寒地早粳花培培养基中铁的效应(英文)

In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction rate and green plantlet differentiation. The result demonstrated that if Fe2+ increased from 32 to 40 mg/kg, the induction rate of early Japonica rice anther culture in N6 culture media was more then 1.4 times higher than that in N6 culture media containing 5.6 mg/kg Fe2+. In this concentration range, the induction rate increased with the increase of Fe2+ content, while if the concentration was over this concentration range, the induction rate decreased with the increase of Fe2+, showing single peak distribution. When the Fe2+ was 40 mg/kg in differentiation medium, the differentiation rate decreased dramatically. The green plantlet differentiations of callus which were induced on culture media containing 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ were different, when they were cultured on MS culture media, and 85.7% materials could increase green plantlet productivity to about 7.8%. Therefore, increasing Fe2+in induction media properly could increase anther culture efficiency of early Japonica rice in cold region.     

百蕊草无性系建立与瓶外生根研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish the rapid micro-propagation system in Thesium chinense Turcz.[Method]With stem fragments of wild Thesium chinense Turcz as explants,different culture media were designed to conduct induction culture,strengthening plantlet culture and in vitro rooting.[Result]The optimum medium for inducing clustered shoots was determined to be MS medium appended with 1.5 mg/L 6-BA,0.01 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D;in addition,60 mg/kg ABT was suitable for rooting,by which the percentage of rooted plantlets reached 76.6%.[Conclusion]This study simplified the procedures of tissue culture in Thesium chinense Turcz and enhanced the proliferation rate,providing basis for artificial cultivation and resource protection of Thesium chinense Turcz.     

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily＂Prato＂

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily(Lilium spp.) were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS+[6-BA(0.5)+KT(2.0)+2,4-D(1.0)] mg·L-1.The rate of callus diffe...     

Study on Plant Regeneration of Wheat Mature Embryos Under Endosperm-Supported Culture

To reveal the suitability of using mature embryos as an explant source in wheat tissue culture, mature embryos from eight common wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum L. cv.） were cultured with or without endosperm to test their efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. When embryos were cultured together with endosperm （endosperm-supported culture, ES）, the percentage of callus induction was significantly lower than that when embryos were cultured in the absence of endosperm （non-endosperm-supported culture, NES）. This pattern was evident in most genotypes, regardless of whether 2 or 8 mg L^-1 2,4-D was added in the NES culture. However, in ES culture, more induced calli were differentiated into distinct green spots and they further developed into plantlets. Thus, more plants were regenerated in ES culture than in the NES treatment. Most of the eight tested genotypes showed a significant difference in callus induction rate and plantlet regeneration in both ES and NES cultures. In addition, the enzymatic activity of oxalate oxidase in the callus of ES culture condition was obviously higher than that in the callus of NES culture condition, suggesting that the activity of oxalate oxidase may be a parameter for selection of calli with potential for plantlet regeneration. These results indicate that wheat mature embryos are valuable explants for highly efficient callus induction and plant regeneration, if proper treatment and medium are used.     

Effects of Auxins and Media on Callus Induction of Chinese Spring Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）

The effects of auxins and media on callus induction from the mature and immature embryos of Chinese spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties were investigated. It was found that genotype, medium, auxin source and concentration had the significant effects on the induction of embryogenic callus, explants germination and the increment of callus fresh weight. For immature embryos cultured on MS medium, 2 mg L^-1 of 2, 4-D was optimal, and the highest frequency of embryogenic callus （33.50%） was observed. For the mature embryos on N6 medium, 4 mg L^-1 of 2, 4-D was optimal. The frequency of embryogenic callus and increment of callus fresh weight on 2, 4, 5-T media were higher than those on 2, 4-D media, and in the presence of 2, 4, 5-T the precocious germination of explants for all genotypes were significantly suppressed. These results indicated that 2, 4, 5-T was superior to 2, 4-D and NAA in the culture of immature embryos. This is the first report about the effect of 2, 4, 5-T and NAA on wheat tissue culture, particularly in comparison with 2, 4-D in detail.     

Tissue Culture System for Different Hybrid of Indica Rice

The effect of varieties and media compositions on callus induction from rice anther and subsequent plant regeneration was studied. The results showed that the callus induction was not significantly different in different media, but mostly depended on genotypes; mean frequency of callus induction on F1 hybrid varieties showed that the medium supplemented with 100 mg · L-1 concentration of the proline was useful for callus induction; when the anther derived callus sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with B...     

Optimization of Culture Techniques for DH Line in Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the disinfectants and disinfection methods,medium components,and embryoid culture method on dissociative microspore culture.[Method] B5 as basic medium appended with different concentrations of sucrose,agar and different hormone combinations was used to optimize the culture technique for DH line in Brassica napus L.[Result] Both the 15 min disinfection of NaClO containing 5% Cl-and 10 min disinfection of 0.1% HgCl2 performed well in disinfection and subsequent embryo production;in the extraction process of dissociative microspores,B5 medium containing 2% sucrose could achieve a good embryo production effect;under dark condition microspores were firstly incubated at 32 ℃ 5-7 d,then at 25 ℃ 12-15 d,and finally transferred to 25 ℃ oscillator(60-65 r/min)for 3-7d,when the embryoid would become full ripeness;1/2MS medium appended with 1.2% agar,0.02% NAA,2.0 mg/L 6-BA,3.4 mg/L AgNO3 and 2% sucrose was helpful for embryoid differentiation and plantlet generation,presenting low degree of browning and slight vitrification.[Conclusion] The results may facilitate DH Line in rape production in large scale and high efficient transformation system.     

甘蓝型油菜DH系培养技术优化(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the disinfectants and disinfection methods,medium components,and embryoid culture method on dissociative microspore culture.[Method] B5 as basic medium appended with different concentrations of sucrose,agar and different hormone combinations was used to optimize the culture technique for DH line in Brassica napus L.[Result] Both the 15 min disinfection of NaClO containing 5% Cl-and 10 min disinfection of 0.1% HgCl2 performed well in disinfection and subsequent embryo production;in the extraction process of dissociative microspores,B5 medium containing 2% sucrose could achieve a good embryo production effect;under dark condition microspores were firstly incubated at 32 ℃ 5-7 d,then at 25 ℃ 12-15 d,and finally transferred to 25 ℃ oscillator(60-65 r/min)for 3-7d,when the embryoid would become full ripeness;1/2MS medium appended with 1.2% agar,0.02% NAA,2.0 mg/L 6-BA,3.4 mg/L AgNO3 and 2% sucrose was helpful for embryoid differentiation and plantlet generation,presenting low degree of browning and slight vitrification.[Conclusion] The results may facilitate DH Line in rape production in large scale and high efficient transformation system.     

花生花药愈伤组织的诱导和分化研究

利用花生栽培品种‘邢花4号’对不同发育时期的花药进行固体培养,对诱导愈伤和愈伤分化的培养基进行了筛选.结果表明:在小孢子单核靠边期,或花蕾长3～4mm,呈绿色时,花药的诱导率最高(30.42％);以附加6-BA 8.0 mg/L、NAA0.8 mg/L、KT 0.02 mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导效果较好;在添加...     

草莓花药培养植株再生率影响因素分析

[目的]提高草莓花药培养效率。[方法]以草莓品种“丰香”为材料,研究了不同条件对诱导花药愈伤组织和绿苗分化的影响。[结果]8℃预处理3d,草莓花药的愈伤组织诱导率可达64.8％,显著高于处理5d（46．5％）和不经低温处理（40．3％）的诱导率。22℃和25℃培养时,愈伤组织诱导率分别为61．30％和68．36％,前者的愈伤组织优于后者。激素组合BA 0．2mg／L＋KT 1．0mg／L＋NAA 2．0mg／L的出愈率达61．57％,且愈伤质量较好。黄绿色颗粒状、绿色致密、淡黄色蓬松等3种愈伤组织分别占11．5％、49．0％、39．5％。愈伤组织在激素组合ZT 2．0mg／L＋BA 0．5mg／L＋NAA 0．2mg／L中的分化率最高,可达11．28％。生根培养后,花培植株生根率达98％。[结论]得到了草莓花药培养的适宜条件。     

茶树花药愈伤组织诱导及增殖研究

以茶树花药为外植体,以MS培养基为基本培养基,探究适合花药愈伤组织诱导的花药发育时期,不同光照时间对花药愈伤组织诱导的影响,不同植物生长调节物质对花药愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响,为建立茶树组织培养体系提供依据。研究结果表明：利于花药愈伤组织的形成的处于单核中期的花蕾直径在0.7～0.8 cm,黑暗条件下较12 h/d光照条件下茶树愈伤组织的诱导率高,茶树花药经过低温预处理24 h后,在培养基MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.4 mg/L+2,4-D1.0 mg/L上愈伤组织诱导率最高,诱导率为84.6%,茶树花药愈伤组织增殖率最高的培养基为MS+NAA1.0 mg/L+6-BA0.5 mg/L+2,4-D0.2 mg/L。     

四倍体芦笋花药培养技术初步研究

以四倍体芦笋为试材,研究了花蕾不同长度及培养条件对芦笋花药培养的影响。结果表明:(1)四倍体芦笋花蕾长度为2.0～2.5 mm时,其诱导效果最好;(2)pH值为6.0时愈伤组织诱导率最高;(3)接种时间以4月底最好;(4)适合于四倍体花药愈伤组织诱导的激素配比是2,4-D 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.5 mg/L,6-BA 0.1 mg/L;(5)愈伤组织器官分化的培养激素配比是6-BA 1.0 mg/L、NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响

[目的]寻求代替ZT提高猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的最佳激素组合。[方法]以美味猕猴桃离体茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加2,4-D0.5、1、2.0mg/L和NAA0.1、0.3、0.5mg/L与6-BA0.5mg/L分别组成诱导愈伤组织的6个激素组合,并以同样浓度的2,4-D和NAA与6-BA1.0mg/L分别组成分化芽的6个组合激素,研究不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响。[结果]6种不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃茎段愈伤组织均有一定的诱导作用,其中2,4-D1.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L的组合有利于愈伤组织诱导,诱导率达86.1%;绿色愈伤组织在MS培养基附加激素2,4-D+6-BA组合中芽的分化率很低,而在附加NAA+6-BA组合中芽的分化率较高,其中,NAA0.1mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L的组合有利于芽分化,芽分化率为75.2%。[结论]2,4-D与6-BA组合对猕猴桃绿色愈伤组织的芽分化有一定抑制作用。     

不同培养基和激素对辣椒花药培养的影响

选用试验前期筛选出的易产生愈伤组织和胚状体的8个不同基因型辣椒进行花药培养,对基本培养基成分、激素种类和浓度、材料基因型等影响花药培养的因素进行研究.结果表明:1)NTH培养基为适宜于辣椒花药培养的最佳培养基,MS和B5培养基次之.2)以NTH为基本培养基培养红艳花药,0.5 mg/L NAA +1.0 mg/L KT + 0.3 mg/L BA +1.0 mg/L 2,4-D是花药愈伤组织诱导培养最适宜的激素组合;0.3 mg/L NAA +1.0 mg/L KT + 0.1 mg/L BA是花药胚状体诱导培养最适宜的激素组合.3)在相同条件下,不同基因型辣椒花药培养后的愈伤组织诱导率和产胚率均不同,愈伤组织诱导率为8.0% ~ 23.5%,胚状体诱导率最高为2%,最低为零.     

芦笋花药愈伤组织诱导技术研究

[目的]对芦笋花药愈伤组织诱导培养技术进行详细研究。[方法]以MS为基本培养基,附加外源激素对二倍体花药愈伤组织诱导技术进行研究。[结果]二倍体芦笋花蕾长度为1.5～2.0 mm时,其诱导效果最好;采用5%高糖浓度可显著抑制花药体细胞分裂和提高花粉愈伤组织诱导率;同一品种不同植株花药愈伤组织诱导率差异显著;适合于二倍体花药愈伤组织诱导的激素配比是1.0 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/L BA。[结论]为芦笋的品种改良与选育奠定了基础。     

防风愈伤组织诱导及植株再生体系研究

以防风为材料,研究不同外植体、激素组合、培养基对愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响。结果表明,茎段是防风组织培养较为理想的外植体材料。诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L 6-BA,最高出愈率为96.7%;诱导不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,最高诱导率为75%;诱导根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L 6-BA,生根率达65%;组培苗的移栽成活率达80%。     

不同激素对补血草器官分化的影响

以补血草的带节花梗为材料,在离体条件下研究不同激素对花梗愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化、继代培养以及生根的影响,建立和优化离体再生体系,为补血草快速繁殖、种质资源保存以及遗传转化提供有效的途径和技术。结果表明,MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L为补血草花梗愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基,愈伤组织诱导率最高(89.2%),出愈速度最快(12 d),产生的愈伤组织颜色翠绿,质地紧密;不定芽诱导以MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L的效果最佳,诱导率为74.3%,平均每块愈伤组织诱导的不定芽数为3.6个;在NAA 0.1～0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.5～2.0 mg/L时的继代增殖效果最好,分化率大于85%,使幼苗数增加3倍以上;生根培养以1/2 MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L时的生根率最大,为100%。     

“高地”截形瓦苇的组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

利用“高地”截形瓦苇的花葶作材料,对其离体组织培养与快速繁殖技术进行研究,结果表明:花葶愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,启动速度快,而且愈伤组织质量好;诱导培养基中加入KT和低浓度的NAA比单一采用6-BA效果更好;最适的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.2mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,增殖系数达5.5以上,而且质量高,芽分化多;MS+NAA0.1mg/L是较适合的复壮与生根培养基,植株移栽成活率一般在50%左右。利用花葶作外植体,可以在不损伤原母本植株的基础上实现组织培养和快速繁殖的目的,从而实现商品化、规模化生产。