中型褐壳产蛋鸡饲粮非植酸磷适宜水平的研究

用20周龄的商品代北京红开产蛋鸡150只进行饲养试验和磷代谢试验，研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对20－40周龄阶段蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋及蛋壳品质、血清生化特性和饲粮植酸磷表观消化利用率的影响，进而从多方面综合评价中型褐壳产蛋鸡的饲粮非植酸磷适宜水平，同时测定产蛋鸡对饲粮植酸磷的消化能力。试鸡按完全随机设计以体重随机分为5个处理组，分别喂以含非植酸磷0．20％、0．25％、0．30％、0．35％和0．40％及含钙量均为3．5％的玉米一豆粕型饲粮。饲粮非植酸磷水平对鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、采食量、饲料效率、蛋壳强度、蛋品哈氏单位、蛋形指数、血清白蛋白、球蛋白和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性无明显影响（P＞0．18），而对蛋壳厚（P＜0．04）、蛋壳重（P＜0．07）及植酸磷表观消化率（P＜0．05）有显著影响。蛋壳厚、蛋壳强度及蛋壳重 0．20％非植酸磷水平组最大，此时鸡对饲粮植酸磷的表观消化率高达70．5％，但随饲粮非植酸磷水平的增加，上述4项指标均恒定降低，在0．30％－0．40％非植酸磷水平，蛋壳厚（P＜0．04）和蛋壳重（P＜0．07）明显降低，在0．25％和0．40％时植酸磷表观消化率分别比0．20％水平组降低17．7T和21．4个百分点（P＜0．05）。结果表明，北京红中型褐壳产蛋鸡在20－40周龄阶段的饲粮非植酸磷水平以0．20％（实测值为0．23％）为宜；中型褐壳产蛋鸡对饲粮植酸磷有很强的消化能力。     

槐叶粉替代蛋鸡日粮中部分蛋白料的效果观察

将１６０只２０周龄依沙褐蛋鸡随机分成四组，每组４０只，随机进入四种蛋鸡配合日粮组即对照组、槐叶粉试验组Ⅰ（５％）、Ⅱ（８％）、Ⅲ（１０％），对产蛋量、蛋重、鸡体增重、料蛋肉比、经济效益五项指标的比较试验得到：５％的槐叶粉组（Ⅰ）与对照组产蛋量、蛋重、体增重三项指标差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；料蛋肉比降低１．６６％；经济效益提高一倍。此试验说明：以适宜比例的槐叶粉取代鸡日粮中部分蛋白料是可行的。     

甜菜碱替代日粮中合成单体蛋氨酸对海兰福鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响

利用开产400日龄后（约554日龄）的海兰褐蛋鸡720羽,平均分为3组,每组240只共5个重复,研究用甜菜碱盐酸盐,替代日粮中单体蛋氨酸对产蛋后期生产性能的影响。对照日粮中所用氯化胆碱为0．6kg／t,单体合成蛋氨酸量为0．8kg／t,试验日粮是将对照日粮中添加的单体蛋氨酸分别用甜菜碱盐酸盐替代50％和100％,并根据1kg甜菜碱盐酸盐相当于2kg蛋氨酸方式进行替代。结果表明在本试验条件下（无鱼粉含有少量杂粕的日粮,产蛋高峰后期）,用甜菜碱盐酸盐替代日粮中50％或全部单体合成蛋氨酸（按1：2）均可显著（P＜0．01）提高海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期产蛋率,而且50％和全部替代组间无显著差异（P＞0．05）。用甜菜碱盐酸盐100％替代蛋氨酸由于破蛋率显著升高,因此平均蛋重也显著低于对照组和50％替代组（平均蛋重由总蛋重和每日产蛋数求得,包括破蛋）。但全期总的产蛋重不论50％或100％替代蛋氨酸组均显著高于对照组。3组饲料的采食量绝对值上差异不大,但甜菜碱替代组的料蛋比均低于对照组（P＜0．01）。上述结果表明,在产蛋高峰后期,甜菜碱盐酸盐在替代50％蛋氨酸或100％替代蛋氨酸可缓解产蛋后期产蛋率的下降,从而提高饲料转化效率。用甜菜碱完全替代单体蛋氨酸时破蛋率提高,但原因不明。因此建议     

禽保健促产中药添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋力的影响

通过对50至60周龄罗曼鸡进行试验,发现保健促产中草药添加剂能提高蛋鸡的产蛋力。与对照组相比,产蛋率提高2．44％,蛋理增加1．4g,平均每只母鸡试验期产蛋1.494kg,比对照组多产0.162kg,增产12．162％,破壳率降低0．52％,蛋壳厚度增加0．0392mm,有显著性差异,P＜0．05。表明该添加剂确有促进蛋鸡产蛋力的作用。     

甜菜碱对蛋鸡蛋品质影响及机理研究

选20周龄伊莎蛋鸡800羽，随机分成2组（每组设4个重复，每个重复100羽），一组为对照组；另一组为600mg/kg甜菜碱组。分别在50、70周龄时测定蛋品质、血清有关生化指标、蛋壳腺磷脂组分含量。结果表明：添加甜菜碱使蛋鸡日平均产蛋率提高12．33％（P＜0．01）。料蛋比 降低9．92％（P＜0．05）。使50周龄和70周龄蛋壳厚度分别增加了2．5％（P＜0．08）的10．81％（P＜0．05），蛋壳相对重提高6．69（P＜0．05）和6．94％（P＜0．05）；蛋黄指数、哈夫单位有提高趋势。使70周龄蛋鸡蛋壳腺中卵磷脂（PC）含量提高了16．28％（P＜0．01），PC／PE比值提高了22．605（P＜0．03），对脑磷脂（PE)含量无影响。50周龄和70周龄蛋鸡血清中卵磷脂浓度分别提高33．46％（P＜0．01）和22．42％（P＜0．01）；而对血清中Ca、P含量无明显影响。50周龄和70周龄蛋鸡血清及肝中甜菜碱含量与对照组相比均无明显差异。     

中草药饲料添加剂—蛋壳素对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋壳质量的影响

试验选用正在产蛋的800只罗曼鸡群，分组饲喂中草药饲料添加剂-蛋壳素，对生产性能进行测定。试验结果表明，在罗曼产蛋粮中添加0.02%的蛋壳素与对照组（不添加蛋壳素组）比较：（1）产蛋量提高6.41%-6.5%;(2)平均蛋重每枚增加0.55-1.1g。（3）破蛋率降低2.5%;(4)饲料转化率提高6.9%-7.28%。另外，蛋壳表面光滑，鲜艳，无沙皮蛋。     

“六看“鸡蛋辨鸡病

仔细观察蛋鸡产蛋及蛋质，能及早辨别鸡病，主要有“六看”：l看产蛋量产蛋高峰期的蛋鸡，但若产蛋量波动较大，说明鸡群不健康；突然下降20％，可能是受惊吓，高温环境或缺水所引起；下降40％～50％，则应考虑蛋鸡是否患减蛋综合症或饲料中毒等。2看蛋壳正常蛋壳表面均匀，呈褐色或揭白色。异常蛋壳的出现，如软壳蛋、薄壳蛋，多为缺乏维生素D3或饲料中钙含量不足所致；蛋壳粗糙、沙壳蛋，多是饲料中钙、磷比例不当，或钙质过多引起；若蛋壳为异常的白壳或黄壳，则是大量使用四环素或某些带黄色易沉淀的物质所致；蛋壳由棕色壳变白壳，应…     

产蛋鸡日粮中添加Vc的效益分析

选取商品蛋鸡108只,分为对照组和试验I、Ⅱ组,每组36只,分别饲喂添加0、100、200mg／kgVc的蛋鸡日粮。42天后的试验结果显示：I组提高蛋鸡产蛋数6．36％,饲料转化效率提高6．7％,经济效益增加17．02％;II组降低蛋鸡产蛋数1．45％,降低饲料转化效率2．94％,比对照组少收入6．3％。说明添加适量的Vc能显著提高产蛋鸡的生产性能。从而增加了经济效益。     

蛋鸡饲喂稀土饲料添加剂的效果

１９９５年１１月到１９９６年７月在平安县种鸡场对罗曼商品代蛋鸡进行２３４ｄ饲喂稀土试验。试验设４个组，每组２９５只。试验１，２，３组鸡日粮中分别添加０．０１％、０．０１５％和０．０２％的ＲＣＴ－３有机稀土饲料添加剂，对照组鸡不喂稀土。结果：试验１，２，３组母鸡日产蛋总重比对照组鸡分别提高１３．９１％（Ｐ＜０．０１），８．３６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和０．９７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；产蛋率分别提高９．５９，５．７２和０．８３百分点；只均纯收入增加８．５２元，５．０１元和０．２１元。     

益生素对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能影响

选用24周龄海兰蛋鸡6000只,47周龄试验结束后随机分为2个试验组,每个试验组设3个重复,每个重复有1000只蛋鸡。在基础日粮中分别添加0．1％益生素,研究其对海兰蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能的影响。结果表明：海兰蛋鸡饲料中添加0．1％益生素后,40-47周龄试验组产蛋率、累计产蛋数均高于对照组,差异显著（P〈0．05）。整个试验期料蛋比试验组比对照组减少0．07,差异显著（P〈0．05）,死淘率降低57．9％,差异显著（P〈0．05）。试验证明益生素对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期的生产性能的提高,具有一定促进作用。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.