犬轮状病毒荧光定量RT—PCR检测方法的建立

目的:建立轮状病毒快速准确的检测方法,为研发诊断试剂盒和疫苗奠定基础。方法:用Primer5软件设计VP7引物,从采集的腹泻犬粪便样品抽提病毒RNA,用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,将RNA反转录为cDNA,并进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和测序,与代表株的VP7进行同源性比较。结果:从腹泻病犬粪便样品中抽提到了轮状病毒RNA,反转录后扩增产物为51bp的基因片段,经核苷酸序列分析,其PCR序列与犬轮状病毒VP7基因编码源序列的同源性为86.3%。结论:正确克隆了轮状病毒主要保护性抗VP7基因中抗原表位区,建立了犬轮状病毒实时定量诊断方法,为研制实时定量诊断试剂盒奠定了基础。     

BVDV 1型和2型焦磷酸测序检测方法的建立

为了建立BVDV 1型和2型焦磷酸测序检测方法,用于BVDV的确诊和分型。根据GenBank中发表的BVDV 5'-UTR序列,设计通用扩增引物和分别针对BVDV 1型和2型的两条测序引物。以BVDV 1型BA株和BVDV 2型分离株为模板,用通用引物进行RT-PCR扩增,用测序引物对扩增产物进行焦磷酸测序,建立BVDV 1型和BVDV 2型焦磷酸测序检测方法。结果显示,焦磷酸测序技术检测的序列为30个碱基以上,可用于BVDV的快速鉴定和分型。用该方法对奶牛场86份抗凝血样品进行检测。共检测出2份BVDV 1型,没有检测出BVDV 2型。将检测为阳性的RT-PCR产物测序,测序结果与焦磷酸测序结果一致,符合率为100%。表明本研究建立的BVDV 1型和2型焦磷酸测序检测方法,可用于BVDV的检测和分型,能一次性对待检样品进行确诊,是一种简便、快速的BVDV分型检测方法,对于BVDV的快速确诊具有重要意义。     

用反转录—聚合酶链反应检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的研究

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒美洲型标准毒株的ＯＲＦ６及部分ＯＲＦ７的序列，设计合成了一对引物２６３７４ ＰＳ／２６３７５ＰＲ，用反转录－聚合酶链反应技术对６株ＰＲＲＳＶ北京分离株进行了检测。结果该引物对６株病毒均能扩增出与预期大小相符的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ产物，并与ＡＴＣＣ ＶＲ－２３３２株扩增产物的大小相当，而欧洲型标准毒株未获扩增片段。     

牦牛Y染色体PCR扩增产物的克隆和测序

本试验采用牛的一对Y染色体特异引物对牦牛基因组进行PCR扩增,检测到了牦牛公牛的一条特异性产物,经过克隆测序,得到一条长141bp的核苷酸序列,采用BLASTN软件在GenBank中比对,没有发现与其相似的同源序列。该序列与本试验室所测得牛同一引物扩增产物的序列同源性为100%。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒长春分离株P125基因的克隆与序列测定

以MDBK细胞培养细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）NCD毒株，采用异硫氰酸胍一步法提取总RNA，并根据BVDVNADL参考株序列设计合成的1对引物（W1与W2），进行反转录PCR（RT-PCR），扩增出P125基因约400bp的片段。经PGEM-T载体连接后克隆、测序，并与巳发表的NADL、Osloss、SD-1、184、D、H、Yak等BVDV毒析序列进行比较。结果表明：NCD株P125基因区无插入或缺失变异，但存在着核苷酸的替换；经聚类分析初步认为NCD株属于Ia型。NCD株与长春184、H株核苷酸序列差异较大，而亲缘关系较近，表明BVDV在同一地区存在不同进化来源的毒株。     

禽流感与新城疫二联RT—PCR诊断方法的建立及其应用

根据禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)基因组序列高度保守区，设计合成了2对引物，以AIV、NDV培养物提取RNA并反转录，进行RT-PCR特异性片段扩增，扩增的片段大小分别为470和320bp。结果，扩增产物与设计的2对引物之间的序列大小一致。通过特异性与敏感性试验，AIV、NDV培养物均可扩增至10^-4，表明本方法对2种病毒具有快速、特异和高度敏感的特点。     

RT-PCR检测和区分猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪呼吸道冠状病毒的研究

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）和猪呼吸道冠状病毒（PRCV）的基因组核苷酸序列，在S基因（纤突蛋白基因）5′端保守区设计了一对引物P3／P4，该对引物在TGEV扩增跨幅约为2.4kb；而PRCV由于在此区域存在一约0.6kb碱基缺失，扩增跨幅约为1.8kb。用引物P3／P4对TGEV Miller株、Purdue株和PRCV AR310株分别进行RT－PCR，根据RT－PCR扩增片段大小可以直接区分TGEV和PRCV。用引物P3／P4与引物P1／P2作Nested-PCR,提高了该RT－PCR的特异性和敏感性，建立的RT－PCR可为临床上诊断TGEV及调查我国是否存在PRCV感染提供可靠的鉴别手段。     

新城疫病毒（青岛株）F蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

参考新城疫病毒（NDV）长春株的F基因序列设计了1以特异性引物，应用RT－PCR对NDV青岛株（野毒）的F基因进行了扩增，扩增产物克隆后测序，扩出的F基因核苷酸长度为792bp，编码261个氨基酸，包括完整的F2片段和部分F1片段，裂解位点区（112－117aa）氨基酸序列为Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Phe，与国外发表的强毒株序列相符，正明青岛株为强毒株，根据该基因推导的所基酸序列，与国内外发表的NDVF蛋白氨基酸序列相比，同源性为88．1％－94．3％。     

猪瘟病毒国内分离株(HL-LY)E2基因的克隆及序列分析

用猪肾细胞（pK-15)繁殖猪瘟病毒（CSFV）分离株HL－LY，根据基因库已发表的CSFV E2基因序列，设计并合成一对引物，以CSFV总RNA为模板，通过RT－PCR技术扩增出约1.1kb的片段，即E2基因。将RT－PCR产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上，构建了重组质粒T－E2，经酶切、PCR鉴定和序列测定，表明均已成功获得了CSFV E2基因的重组体T－E2。将该测序结果与国内几个毒株SHIMEN，C，C－V－LZ,GS-LT,GS-LX德育了列同源性比较，核苷酸同源性分别为96.59%,96.005,88.495,78.24%,77.82%；氨基酸同源性分别为99.46%,98.39%,93.54%,90.70%,90.44%。表明该毒株与国内标准毒株SHIMEN株和C株具有较高的同源性。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒P20和P14基因的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank中BVDV Oregon C24V株的基因组序列设计两对引物,利用套式PCR方法扩增P20基因,扩增出预期525 bp的目的片段.扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并对其进行测序.测序结果与参考序列Oregon C24V比较,二者的核苷酸同源性仅为80.95%,推导氨基酸同源性为87.50%.测序结果经NCBI上的Blast(Http:/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/)同源性比较,克隆得到的基因与Osloss株同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为93.65%,推导氨基酸同源性为95.83%.根据P20的测序结果,参照GenBank中BVDV Osloss株设计一对引物,扩增P14基因,经同源性比较,扩增的P14基因与Osloss株核苷酸同源性为94.77%,推导氨基酸同源性为95.10%,通过系统发生分析,推测P20基因和P14基因与Osloss株在进化上比较接近.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.