Study on the character of chitinase produced by Trichoderma spp. with measuring reducing sugar

A trusty and intuitionistic method for screening chitinase produced by Trichoderma spp. was developed. 38 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were cultured in liquid medium with chitin or colloidal chitin as the sole carbon source for 4 days. The supernatant of the fermented broth was mixed with colloidal chitin and heated in water-bath at 37℃ for 30 min, then 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent (DNS) was added to the mixture, and let them react for 10 min in water-bath. According to the differe…     

Are mycoparasitism and chitinase production species or isolate dependent in Trichoderma ?

The relationship between taxonomic status of Trichoderma spp., chitinase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on four media and mycoparasitism in dual culture (confrontation assay)against four plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Seventy five Trichoderma isolates belonging to 35species have been screened. The plant pathogenic fungi used in confrontation assay were Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi , Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . The SSF media contained wheat bran, crude chitin (from crab shells, SIGMA) and salt solutions. The best performing isolates in mycoparasitism tests were Trichoderma flavofuscum, T. harzianum, T.inhamatum, T. koningii and T. strigosum. Some isolates exhibiting good mycoparasitism produced chitinase in SSF only at low or medium level. In contrary there were isolates with excellent extracellular chitinase production but their biocontrol potential did not belong to the leading group.Statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data.……     

黄绿木霉菌菌株产几丁质酶发酵条件的研究

[目的]研究黄绿木霉菌（Trichoderma aureoviride sp.）产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件,为几丁质酶工业提供新酶源。[方法]采用正交试验设计,以DNS法测定酶解后糖含量变化为指标,对发酵条件进行优化。[结果]在以2%胶体几丁质为碳源、2%蛋白胨为氮源、摇床转速为170 r/min时,黄绿木霉菌产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件组合：培养基的初始pH为5,接种量为8%,瓶装量为20 ml,在28℃下培养6 d。[结论]试验确定了黄绿木霉菌产几丁质酶最佳条件,为其在工业生产中的应用奠定了基础。     

产几丁质酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

采用胶体几丁质平板产生透明圈法,从竹林附近的土壤中分离得到一株高产几丁质酶的优良菌株,以胶体几丁质为反应底物,对其所产的几丁质酶粗酶性质进行了初步研究。结果表明,该酶最适p H 7.5,在p H 6.5~9.5的缓冲液中放置12 h后,残余酶活仍在60%以上,在p H 7.0~8.5的缓冲液中残余酶活仍在80%以上,说明该酶在中性和碱性条件下具有较好的稳定性;该酶在30℃时酶活最高,在低于60℃的处理条件下残余酶活仍在80%以上,且80℃处理后仍有37%的残余酶活,说明该酶的热稳定性较好;配制蟹壳培养基发酵该菌,发现该菌能直接降解蟹壳产生壳寡糖,且每克蟹壳降解后可产生5.3 mg还原糖。通过16S r DNA基因序列比对,鉴定该菌为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。     

维氏气单胞菌几丁质酶ChiC的性质和与几丁质结合蛋白协同作用的研究

为了探索维氏气单胞菌B565低酶活几丁质酶ChiC的性质及突破其低酶活的应用瓶颈,构建了重组ChiC毕赤酵母工程菌GS115/PIC9\|ChiC,进行甲醇诱导表达纯化,研究其基本酶学性质。结果表明,ChiC在毕赤酵母中分泌表达,甲醇诱导48 h后,达到摇瓶水平最大表达量232.6 mg/L。ChiC最适反应pH为8.0,温度为40℃。最适反应条件时比活力为7.6 U/mg。ChiC具有较宽的pH及温度适应性,在pH 3.0~10.0,40℃或者0~40℃,pH 7.0, 均可以保持80%以上最适酶活力。同时几丁质结合蛋白CBP21于大肠杆菌中实现胞内可溶表达,其表现出对虾壳几丁质和胶体几丁质的具有不同的结合能力。但CBP21促进ChiC降解胶体几丁质的能力(提高约9倍)明显高于其促进ChiC降解虾壳几丁质的能力(提高约2倍)。上述结果为该几丁质酶基因的深入研究奠定了理论基础,为突破该低酶活几丁质酶的应用瓶颈提供了一种可能的解决方案。     

木霉对食用菌侵染能力的分析

研究了49株木霉对食用菌菌丝的侵染能力,结果显示:不同木霉的侵染能力不同,对食用菌侵染能力强的木霉对植物病原真菌的侵染能力并不一定强,表现出木霉对真菌侵染的特异性。木霉侵染食用菌的机理研究结果显示:木霉可通过溶壁、缠绕等方式作用于食用菌菌丝细胞壁,木霉发酵液对食用菌和植物病原菌都有很好的抑制作用,但木霉产几丁质酶的能力与木霉的侵染能力没有直接关系。     

哈茨木霉高产几丁质酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件研究

通过氮离子注入法诱变哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)野生菌,再以透明圈法对平板培养菌进行筛选,用DNS法测定液体培养菌的酶活,从中筛选出1株产几丁质酶能力高的哈茨木霉菌株H-13,并通过单因素试验和正交试验优化该目标菌株的发酵条件.单因素试验结果表明,添加1.0%蛋白胨时产酶量最高,1.0%胶体几丁质对菌体产几丁质酶的诱导性最强,初始pH 5.5、培养96 h时产酶量较高.正交试验表明,H-13以1.0%蛋白胨为氮源、0.5%胶体几丁质为碳源,在初始pH 5.0的培养基中培养96 h时,发酵液中的几丁质酶活可达到731.69 U?mL-1,比同样条件下的野生菌株酶活力提高1倍.     

溶解性多糖单加氧酶CBP21的高效分泌表达及与几丁质酶的协同作用研究

为实现溶解性多糖单加氧酶CBP21在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效分泌表达,并对其与几丁质酶的协同作用进行研究,以大肠-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭质粒p WB980为基本骨架,溶解性多糖单加氧酶为目的蛋白,构建了信号肽筛选载体,依据信号肽结构特征(正电荷与疏水性的差异)对Sec途径的13个信号肽进行了筛选,结果显示信号肽Ylq B引导分泌溶解性多糖单加氧酶的效率最高,其发酵液上清对胶体几丁质结合活力最高,上清中结合蛋白占总蛋白浓度为32.39%。进一步分别对CBP21和来自糖苷水解酶18家族粘质沙雷菌几丁质酶及来自糖苷水解酶19家族的嗜水气单胞菌几丁质酶Chi92的协同作用进行分析,表明CBP21对几丁质酶和Chi92活力均有促进作用,其中使粘质沙雷菌几丁质酶活力提高1.85倍,使Chi92(嗜水气单胞菌)活力提高2.35倍。上述研究为该溶解性多糖单加氧酶的工业应用奠定了基础。     

华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate chitinase gene from Trichoderma atroviride strain SS003. [Method] With the aeciospore wall of armandii pine blister rust as inducer, chitinase gene was induced to express in Trichoderma atroviride cells. The cDNA fragment of chitinase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. [Result] The activity of chitinase induced reached 40.17 μg/10 min; and the specific fragment amplified was 834 bp in length and proved to be the fragment of chitinase gene by sequencing and sequence analysis. [Conclusion] The result showed the feasibility of isolating the full length of chitinase gene and its transformation, and further producing chitinase.     

Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch‘s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma     

华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆

[目的]分离深绿木霉S5003中的几丁质酶基因,为获得高抗病的转基因植株奠定基础。[方法]采用华山松疱锈病的锈孢子壁作为诱导物,诱导深绿木霉SS003中几丁质酶基因的表达,并通过lit—PER方法扩增得到几丁质酶基因片段。[结果]锈孢子壁可诱导出高活性（40．17μg／10min）的几丁质酶,PCR扩增得到了长度为834bp的特异片段,经序列测定及分析显示该片段为几丁质酶基因片段。[结论]深绿木霉SS003的几丁质酶基因片段的获得,为分离全长基因以及进一步利用该基因生产几丁质酶以及进行基因转化提供了可能。     

Factors that contribute to the mycoparasitism stimulus in Trichoderma atroviride strain P1

Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 has been used extensively to study the mycoparasitic mechanisms in the interaction between plant pathogenic host and beneficial antagonistic fungi. Mutants of P1 containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) or glucose oxidase (gox) reporter systems and different inducible promoters (from the exochitinase nag1 gene, or the endochitinase ech42 gene of P1) were used to determine the factors that activate the biocontrol gene expression cascade in the antagonis…     

海洋真菌HZ-01菌株产几丁质酶的研究

[目的]探讨海洋真菌HZ-01菌株产几丁质酶的培养条件和部分性质。[方法]从海洋环境中筛选出1株几丁质酶高产真菌HZ-01,以该菌株为材料,进行不同碳源、氮源以及温度对菌株发酵产生几丁质酶的影响试验,研究几丁质酶的培养条件。将粗酶液在不同温度下保温60 min后,取样测定几丁质酶活力,分析几丁质酶的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。[结果]海洋真菌HZ-01菌株产几丁质酶的最佳碳源为几丁质,蛋白胨为最佳氮源;以1.0%的几丁质作为碳源,0.1%的蛋白胨作为氮源,温度为30℃时,其产生的几丁质酶活力最高,且随着温度的上升,该酶活力下降;该酶的酸碱稳定性较差,只在pH值6~8具有较高活性。[结论]该研究为规模化生产几丁质酶初步奠定基础。     

Production of chitinases with Trichoderma harzianun isolates using solid substrate fermentation

Over forty Trichoderma harzianum isolates have been screened in solid substrate fermentation (SSF)for chitinase production. Strains were isolated from Asian soil and tree bark samples. Identification was performed in Canada and Austria by classical and molecular taxonomical methods.……     

Production of chitinases with Trichoderma harzianum isolates using solid substrate fermentation

Over forty Trichoderma harzianum isolates have been screened in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) for chitinase production. Strains were isolated from Asian soil and tree bark samples. Identification was performed in Canada and Austria by classical and molecular taxonomical methods. Four SSF media were used for the screening. They contained wheat bran, crude chitin from crab shells (SIGMA) and different salt solutions for wetting of the substrate. In a five day fermentation at 30…     

Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderna spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderrma spp. and Fusariun solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch's postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderna spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.     

核盘菌菌核重寄生菌的分离筛选

从云南、四川、甘肃、陕西、山西、湖南、河北、北京、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等12个省市(区)采集土样103份,采用室内菌核诱捕的方法分离得到了148个真菌菌株,分别属于12个属。其中黏帚霉属(Gliocladium spp.)77个菌株,包括4个种,占全部分离菌的52.03%,为优势种群;其次为青霉菌(Penicillium spp.)21个菌株,分离率为14.19%;镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)16个菌株,占10.81%;木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.)13个菌株,占8.78%;轮枝菌(Verticillium spp.)8个,占5.41%。对其中寄生率较高的菌株进行回接,结果表明,黏帚霉和木霉寄生核盘菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)菌核的能力强,接种1周后导致菌核腐烂,但不同菌株之间存在差异;而镰刀菌、轮枝菌对菌核的寄生能力较差。并且,首次用菌核诱捕的方法从云南省玉溪市烟草田土壤中分离获得了一株能寄生菌核的捕食线虫丝孢菌,经鉴定为椭圆单顶孢[Monacrosporium ellipsosporum(Preuss)Cooke&Dickinson]。     

抗烟草黑胫病菌菌株ZY-19-2的鉴定及发酵条件研究

[目的]鉴定抗烟草黑胫病菌的菌株ZY-19-2,并研究该菌株的发酵条件。[方法]从烟草根际土样中分离、筛选得到一株对烟草黑胫病菌有抑制作用的菌株ZY-19-2,根据形态特征对其进行了鉴定,并研究了不同培养条件下该菌株产几丁质酶的活力。[结果]该菌株为淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyceslilacinus）;该菌株的最佳发酵条件以1.2%胶体几丁质为碳源,发酵液初始pH值为6.0,以1%蛋白胨为氮源,0.1%吐温80作为表面活性剂,发酵时间为60h,接种量为1%,摇床转速为120r/min,最高酶活达到0.216U/ml。[结论]通过对菌株ZY-19-2发酵条件的优化,为应用该菌株规模化生产高效廉价的几丁质酶、几丁质寡糖及对烟草黑胫病防治奠定基础。     

1株产几丁质酶绿僵菌的筛选及其产酶特性

为了提高绿僵菌产几丁质酶的酶活力,在自然条件下,从患病蜱体表分离到10株绿僵菌与8株白僵菌,通过筛选,得到1株绿僵菌Ma002。对该菌液体深层发酵产几丁质酶进行了测定,结果表明:几丁质酶的最佳产酶条件:碳源为胶体几丁质,氮源为蛋白胨,接种种龄为24h,以瓶体积的12%为装基量,在温度26℃,起始pH值7.5～8.0,搅拌速度180r/min,产酶时程96h,酶活力可达2.63U/mL,比原基础培养基上的酶活力(1.67U/mL)提高57%。     

木霉生防菌对植物生长的影响

 自木霉(Trichoderma)被发现具有生防价值以后,对其重寄生作用和拮抗成分的分析投入了大量的研究。而对植物生长的影响却被忽略了。象根瘤菌(rhizobia)和菌根真菌(mycorrhizae)一样,木霉能够对植物的生长产生明显的影响。它能产生植物毒性成分而抑制植物生长,也能通过产生激素和根际竞争能力促进植物生长,特别是它能诱导植物产生抗性。因此,仅对其抑制病原菌的能力进行讨论是不足够的。木霉在促进植物生长和诱导植物产生抗性具有真正的潜能。