冬小麦新品种临远 8号选育及高产栽培技术

为了选育出丰产多抗的冬小麦品种,在现有育种的基础上,将远缘种间渐进式复合杂交育种和穿梭育种相结合,以高产、多抗、优质、广适为育种目标,培育出高产、稳产、多抗的小麦新品种临远8号,于2010年9月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。并通过栽培研究和实践,提出了该品种配套的栽培技术。     

小麦再高产育种方案的设计与探讨

小麦再高产育种涉及到的目标性状是众多的数量性状，要对这些数量性状同时进行改良并重新加以组装，进而育成产量水平有较大突破的新品种，必须首先突破原有的传统育种方法，在杂交手段和杂种后代处理这两个关键性技术环节上进行较大的改进。把轮回选择的理论和穿梭育种的方法综合运用到小麦再高产的育种实践中去，提出了小麦再高产育种的新方案，进一步强化了轮选穿梭思路在小麦育种实践中的可操作性，以期通过实践的检验，探索再高产育种的新途径。     

介绍新书《小麦育种的理论基础》

《小麦育种的理论基础》一书,是由英国著名育种学家F.G.H.Lupton主编,23位欧洲小麦遗传育种方面的专家参加编写,体现八十年代水平的关于小麦育种综合方法的权威性著作。该书综合了小麦育种各有关研究领域的信息和资料,讨论了这些研究在选育高产优质小麦新品种中的应用。全书分为十七章,内容包括:小麦的分类和进化;小麦栽培史,小麦育     

高产抗旱节水型小麦新品种的选育实践及体会

根据 2 0多年的小麦育种实践 ,总结了开展高产抗旱节水型小麦新品种选育的经验和体会 ,强调了试验地条件和栽培管理方法对成功培育小麦新品种的重要作用。     

抗病小麦新品种川麦32

抗病小麦新品种川麦32(原名SW8188),是由四川省农业科学院作物研究所与墨西哥国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)合作,引进国际优质、高产及具不同条锈病抗源的优良小麦种质,采用国际最新冬春杂交模式和穿梭育种等技术方法选育而成的优质抗病高产小麦新品种.于2001年4月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

四川-CIMMYT小麦穿梭育种回顾与展望

通过对四川与国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)10多年来开展小麦穿梭育种合作研究取得显著成效的回顾，着重记叙了四川在与CIMMYT的合作中，引进CIMMYT的麦类种质资源和国际先进的冬春杂交小麦穿梭育种新方法、新技术，并利用引进种质的抗锈病、优质等特性与四川小麦品种的优良综合农艺性状、丰产性、广适性相结合，育成了川麦30等系列高产、抗病、优质新品种在生产上大面积推广应用。实践表明，CIMMYT种质已成为四川育种的一个重要亲本来源。本文还对今后进一步加强与CIMMYT合作，提高合作效率途径进行了探讨。     

黑小麦研究现状及其发展制约因素分析

文章论述了黑小麦的营养与保健价值、育种现状及开发现状。黑小麦的生产发展存在着消费者对黑小麦的了解不足、优质高产多抗黑小麦新品种缺乏、高产栽培配套技术滞后和市场开发及食品深加工不足等制约因素。     

贵州旱粮研究所小麦研究室小麦高产抗病育种工作成效

正贵州省旱粮研究所小麦研究室多年来致力于小麦高产、抗病新品种的选育工作,拥有育种资源3500份,近年来创制了利用前景较好的小麦育种中间材料225份,高代新品系59份。育成了黔麦15～22号共7个小麦高产、抗病品种,其中成果"小麦品种黔麦15的选育与应用"于2008年获贵州省科技进步三等奖,成果"小麦高产抗病品种黔麦15、16、17号的转化应用"于2014年获贵州省科技成果转化二等奖。贵州省旱粮研究所小麦研究室以小麦种子繁殖与推广,小麦新品种栽培模式和高产高效种植技术为推广核心技术。近10     

优质春小麦新品种龙麦39不同密度及施肥量级试验

高产优质春小麦新品种龙麦39为黑龙江省农科院育种所育成的高产优质春小麦品种,为探索其品种在黑龙江省西部雨养农业区适应性及栽培模式,通过在本区域丰年条件下不同肥密与产量关系的研究,初步形成高产优质春小麦龙麦39的栽培模式,为其品种在本区域推广应用及生态效益型小麦机械化高产高效模式形成提供了依据。     

优质强筋小麦新品种“云麦57”栽培技术

云麦57是云南省农科院与德宏州农科所（德宏州农业技术推广中心）通过穿梭育种方式选育出的优质、抗病、丰产的强筋小麦新品种。2008年通过云南省农作物品种审定,审定编号：滇审小麦2008003号。通过5年田间示范,得到农民及市场的广泛接受,在德宏州大面积推广应用,及时满足了德宏州小麦生产发展对优质、高产、抗病小麦新品种的实际需求,有效促进了德宏州小麦新品种的更新换代及种植面积的恢复性增长,取得了显著的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益。     

四川省农业科学院-CIMMYT国际科技合作回顾与展望

This paper reviewed the cooperation achieved between Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(SAAS) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) since 1986 year,focusing on germplasm exchange,shuttle breeding,personnel visiting and training.By utilizing the germplasm,and new breeding methods introduced from CIMMYT,a series of wheat,barley and maize varieties with high yield,good quality and disease resistance were released by SAAS,such as wheat varieties Chuanmai 30,Chuanmai 42 and maize variety Chengdan 202.CIMMYT also produced many wheat varieties with good yield,good resistance especially good resistance to karnal bunt disease.SAAS-CIMMYT cooperation not only enriched the gene bank of germplasm in Sichuan,promoted the wheat breeding capability and application level in production,but trained many scientists for SAAS,which in return to promote the cooperation to a high level.This article also prospected the future and put forward the suggestions for the cooperation.     

Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability of resistance.     

CIMMYT小麦在中国春麦区的适应性分析

 【目的】研究CIMMYT小麦在中国的适应性有助于提高春麦区的育种水平。【方法】10份CIMMYT代表性品种和15份中国春麦主栽品种于2001和2002年种植在中国春麦区的9个试点和CIMMYT的4种不同处理环境，分析产量、产量构成因子和农艺性状的变化趋势。【结果】CIMMYT品种穗数和穗粒数多，千粒重中等，具有广泛适应性，比中国品种具有更高的产量优势；黑龙江光敏感品种植株高、抽穗和成熟晚、穗数中等、穗粒数少、千粒重和产量低；中国其它品种株高中等、抽穗和成熟早、穗数少、穗粒数中等、千粒重高、产量中等。CIMMYT品种引种到中国后，株高降低，抽穗和成熟提早，并略减产；黑龙江光敏感品种在CIMMYT种植时株高增加，抽穗和成熟推迟，千粒重降低，并显著减产；中国其它品种在CIMMYT种植时株高增加、抽穗和成熟略推迟、千粒重变化较小，并略减产。【结论】CIMMYT品种可在云南、青海和新疆直接推广种植；内蒙古、甘肃和宁夏为其次适宜地区，可以直接推广应用，但主要用作杂交亲本；在黑龙江以作杂交亲本为宜。为提高引种效率，并考虑到性状的重复力大小，在CIMMYT为中国选种时应重点选择籽粒较大的材料。为云南所选材料可略矮、适当晚熟，内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏和新疆所选材料可略高、较早熟，青海所选材料可较高、熟期相当，黑龙江应主要选择高纬度材料、植株偏高且晚熟。     

Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is the global leader in publicly-funded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these crops. CIMMYT leads the Global Wheat Program (GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the world. The GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively worldwide. Wheat quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding programs. Wheat quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality targeted. Wheat progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target regions. Significant research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding programs. The main topics being addressed are (1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits, (2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits, (3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and (4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.     

CIMMYT小麦育种特点及研究趋势

对国际玉米小麦改良中心(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center,CIMMYT)目前的情况进行了简要的概述,并在此基础上分析其小麦育种特点及今后的研究趋势,旨在为国内的小麦育种工作者提供参考。     

中国北方小麦多熟种植发展现状与前景

阐述了中国北方小麦多熟种植发展的必要性.分析了目前多熟种植科研、生产所取得成果及存在问题,认为发展多熟种植的关键是模式规范化、专用品种的选育、优化栽培技术体系、农机农艺配套、经济生态效益并重等5个方面.     

“川农号”系列小麦产量和抗病性相关分析

[目的]描述四川小麦育种的概括和今后四川小麦育种走向,并为小麦育种和栽培提供一定的帮助。[方法]选定1999～2007年由四川农业大学任正隆课题组选育的17个优质小麦品种进行相关的产量和抗病性分析。[结果]＂川农号＂系列小麦大多属于早中熟春性品种,产量介于5 000～5 500 kg/hm2,增产幅度较为明显,高抗条锈病,中感白粉病,其有效穗和穗粒数变异系数是11.11%和11.47%,在保持原有产量结构的基础上,增加有效穗和穗粒数是今后提高四川小麦产量的有效途径。[结论]证明了四川地区培育高产优质小麦的可行性。     

宁夏矮败小麦的利用研究

矮败小麦是具有矮秆基因标记的太谷核不育小麦,利用矮败小麦进行轮回选择,是一种高效的小麦群体改良方法。通过对矮败小麦的引进、研究与利用,结合宁夏小麦育种的特点,先后创建了高产、优质、早熟、抗旱等4个轮回群体,从中选育了一批优秀的后代材料和亲本创新材料。     

渭北旱原陕229小麦高产栽培模式的研究

采用５因素二次正交旋转设计，对渭北旱原影响陕２２９小麦产量形成的播期、密度、施肥量（Ｎ、Ｐ、油渣）等５项关键性的高产措施进行了定量化的综合研究，建立了渭北旱原陕２２９小麦高产栽培模式，确定了最佳农艺措施组合方案。并利用产量反应模型，研究了各项农艺措施对产量形成的单独反应以及各项农艺措施之间的交互效应。