CIMMYT小麦在中国春麦区的适应性分析

 【目的】研究CIMMYT小麦在中国的适应性有助于提高春麦区的育种水平。【方法】10份CIMMYT代表性品种和15份中国春麦主栽品种于2001和2002年种植在中国春麦区的9个试点和CIMMYT的4种不同处理环境，分析产量、产量构成因子和农艺性状的变化趋势。【结果】CIMMYT品种穗数和穗粒数多，千粒重中等，具有广泛适应性，比中国品种具有更高的产量优势；黑龙江光敏感品种植株高、抽穗和成熟晚、穗数中等、穗粒数少、千粒重和产量低；中国其它品种株高中等、抽穗和成熟早、穗数少、穗粒数中等、千粒重高、产量中等。CIMMYT品种引种到中国后，株高降低，抽穗和成熟提早，并略减产；黑龙江光敏感品种在CIMMYT种植时株高增加，抽穗和成熟推迟，千粒重降低，并显著减产；中国其它品种在CIMMYT种植时株高增加、抽穗和成熟略推迟、千粒重变化较小，并略减产。【结论】CIMMYT品种可在云南、青海和新疆直接推广种植；内蒙古、甘肃和宁夏为其次适宜地区，可以直接推广应用，但主要用作杂交亲本；在黑龙江以作杂交亲本为宜。为提高引种效率，并考虑到性状的重复力大小，在CIMMYT为中国选种时应重点选择籽粒较大的材料。为云南所选材料可略矮、适当晚熟，内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏和新疆所选材料可略高、较早熟，青海所选材料可较高、熟期相当，黑龙江应主要选择高纬度材料、植株偏高且晚熟。

Adaptation of CIMMYT Wheat Germplasm in China's Spring Wheat Regions

【Objective】Information on adaptation of CIMMYT wheat germplasm in China would greatly enhance wheat breeding efficiency in China's spring wheat regions. 【Methed】Twenty-five spring wheat cultivars including 10 from CIMMYT and 15 from China, were sown at 9 locations in China and 4 management environments in Obregon Station at CIMMYT in 2001 and 2002 seasons, and grain yield, yield components, and other agronomic traits were investigated. 【Result】CIMMYT cultivars were characterized by more spikes and grains per spike, medium thousand kernel weight, and high grain yield with broad adaptability. The photoperiod sensitive cultivars from Heilongjiang province performed tall plant height, late maturity, medium spike number, but low grains per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield. The other Chinese cultivars had medium plant height, early maturity, low spike number and medium grains per spike, but high thousand kernel weight, and medium grain yield. CIMMYT cultivars performed short plant height, earlier maturity, and a little lower grain yield when planted in China's spring wheat regions compared with that in CIMMYT. The photoperiod sensitive cultivars had taller plant height, later maturity, and much lower grain yield, while the other Chinese cultivars showed taller plant height, a little later maturity, and a little lower grain yield with almost the same thousand kernel weight when they were planted in CIMMYT. 【Conclusion】It is recommended to directly use CIMMYT wheat in production in Yunnan, Qinghai, and Xinjiang provinces. CIMMYT wheat can also be used in production in such provinces as Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia provinces, and are more suitable as crossing parents in these areas; while only can be used as crossing parents in Heilongjiang province. In order to improve the shuttle breeding efficacy, and taking into account the genotype mean repeatability for major traits, Chinese scientists should focus on lines with large grain size when selecting materials in CIMMYT for China, choosing lines with short plant height, late maturity for Yunnan, and lines with a little tall plant height and early maturity for Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, lines with a little tall plant height and around the same maturity for Qinghai, while lines for high latitude environment with a little tall plant height and late maturity for Heilongjiang.