蜜糖文心兰的组培快繁技术

以文心兰盆栽品种‘蜜糖'的侧芽为实验材料,研究基本培养基、激素配比、pH值、蔗糖浓度和添加物等对原球茎增殖的影响,探讨文心兰的生根壮苗与炼苗移栽技术.结果表明:(1)文心兰侧芽茎尖在MS+6-BA 4.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg,L的培养基上能形成原球茎;培养基的pH值为5.8时较有利于原球茎的增殖;最适宜原球茎增殖的培养基为:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+10%香蕉泥.(2)原球茎在MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg,L+蔗糖30 g/L的培养基上能分化出芽,萌芽率可达83.4%;无根苗在1/2 MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L+10%香蕉泥+蔗糖30 g,L的培养基上能形成完整植株,培养35 d后的生根率为92.5%,且假鳞茎饱满,植株健壮,试管苗移栽在水苔上的成活率可达94.6%.     

猪笼草的组织培养

以猪笼草（Nepenthes mirabilis）腋芽为试材,研究猪笼草的组培快繁。结果表明,外殖体的建立以1/2MS+6-BA 1mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L液体培养基春季（3～6月）进行培养最佳。愈伤组织（或不定芽）增殖以 MS+6-BA 1mg/L+Ad 10mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+100mL/L椰子汁较佳,高浓度（200mL/L）的椰子汁不利于愈伤组织（或不定芽）增殖;继代芽的增殖以MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L+Ad 1～5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+100～200mL/L椰子汁较好:生根培养用1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L,20d后可长出2～4条根。      

阿希蕉合生花组培快繁技术研究

阿希蕉为野生香蕉资源,可作为重要的遗传育种资源并具有观赏价值。本研究以阿希蕉合生花为植物材料,进行组培快繁技术研究。结果表明,阿希蕉在巴西蕉愈伤诱导培养基上可诱导出愈伤组织,最佳芽分化培养基配方为MS+6-BA（3.0 mg/L）+NAA（0.1~0.2 mg/L）,最佳芽增殖培养基配方为MS+6-BA（2.0 mg/L）+NAA（0.1 mg/L）,最佳生根培养基配方为MS+IBA（3.0 mg/L）+NAA（0.3 mg/L）。从取材到获得根系完整的组培苗约需100 d,繁殖效率100株/花苞以上,增殖效率高,可达到快速繁育的目的。     

银后粗肋草的离体培养和快速繁殖

以银后粗肋草的幼嫩叶片为材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响;以带侧芽的茎段为材料,研究不同接种方式、不同6-BA和NAA组合对丛生芽诱导的影响;以愈伤组织诱导的不定芽和茎段诱导的丛生芽为材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对丛生芽的增殖和生根的影响;最后研究不同移栽基质组合对试管苗移栽成活的影响。结果表明:(1)叶片接种在MS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基培养中60 d后,愈伤组织诱导率为63.41%,不定芽再生率为26.88%,平均生成芽数为3.80个。(2)带侧芽的茎段水平放置接种在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,丛生芽诱导率为91.91%,平均生成芽数为5.29个。(3)将经叶片诱导愈伤组织分化所得的不定芽和经茎段诱导所得的丛生芽切成单株,接种到MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L或MS+KT 3.0~4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L增殖培养基中,不定芽和丛生芽增殖和生长良好。(4)将在增殖培养基中长至4 cm以上的小植株转入到1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L的生根培养基中培养20 d后,生根率达100%,平均根长4.49 cm,每株平均根数6.80条。(5)生根苗移栽到1/2木屑+1/4珍珠岩+1/4菜园土混合基质中,成活率达95.40%。     

滁州白头翁组织培养及再生体系的建立

为建立白头翁再生体系,以白头翁主根的切段和试管苗叶片为外植体,比较2种外植体离体培养差异,探讨不同植物生长调节剂对不定芽和愈伤组织诱导、愈伤增殖和再分化及芽苗生根的影响。结果表明:叶片可以通过愈伤组织再分化和直接产生不定芽2种途径建立再生体系,而根只诱导出了愈伤组织,增殖培养中逐渐褐化死亡;在含6-BA培养基上,叶块死亡,而根只诱导出少量愈伤组织;叶片诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;愈伤组织增殖的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L;再分化时,需要转接到TDZ和NAA组合的培养基上,其中处理组合TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L的再分化率达100%;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L。不同外植体离体培养存在差异,叶片较根易培养;TDZ对白头翁叶片培养效果较好,2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导能力较强,而NAA适合于不定芽分化,NAA与IBA组合使用生根效果较好。     

山蒌单芽茎段培养与快繁技术研究

以山蒌单芽茎段为外植体,对其进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明:山蒌嫩茎最佳消毒方法为70%酒精消毒30 s,再用0.1%升汞溶液消毒9 min;适合腋芽萌发的启动培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA;继代增殖培养最适宜的培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA;试管苗在1/2MS+3 mg/L NAA+0.1-0.5 mg/L6-BA生根较好;山蒌试管苗移栽成活率可以达到95%以上。     

外源激素、芽苗数及大小对文心兰试管苗增殖的影响

分别进行了外源激素、芽苗数和芽苗大小对文心兰试管苗增殖影响的试验研究.结果表明：2类细胞分裂素6-BA（6-苄基腺嘌呤）和Ad（腺嘌呤硫酸盐）对文心兰试管苗增殖的作用差异较大.与0.2 mg/L的生长素a-NAA（a-萘乙酸）配合使用,6-BA质量浓度在2.0～4.0 mg/L的培养基较适合文心兰试管苗的增殖,晟大增殖系数可达7.27,苗生长健壮,叶色鲜绿,适合进一步生根移栽;Ad在1.0～6.0 mg/L的范围内增殖系数较小,苗生长缓慢、矮小,但有形成丛生苗的倾向;以2.0mg/L的6-BA和1.0mg/L的Ad组合使用,易形成丛生芽苗且苗体相对较小,增殖系数也较高;接种单株小苗较大苗易形成丛生芽苗;接种2株连体小芽苗,全部能形成丛生芽苗,增殖系数可达10.07,适合于进一步增殖使用.MS培养基添加2.0 mg/L 6-BA,1.0 mg/L Ad及0.2 mg/L a-NAA,在特定的培养条件下,接种2～4株长1.5～2.5cm连体芽苗,可建立高效的文心兰试管苗丛生芽增殖体系.     

高品质甜叶菊品系“1096”的组培快繁

采用改良DNS等方法筛选出的生长快、糖苷含量高的甜叶菊品系1096为材料,研究了不同外植体、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:以茎尖为外植体愈伤组织和不定芽诱导率均最高;其次是带腋芽茎段;再次为叶片。无腋芽茎段和无菌根均能诱导出愈伤组织,但不能诱导成芽。茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L;叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IAA 1.0mg/L;带腋芽茎段不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L。不定芽继代增殖培养采用MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L;在1/4MS+IBA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+1g/L活性炭的培养基上诱导生根,生根率可达100%,生根苗移栽后成活率达95%。     

‘黄天霸’百合花器官愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以‘黄天霸’百合花器官为外植体,采用正交试验,进行愈伤组织诱导及再分化研究,获得再生植株。结果表明,‘黄天霸’百合花器官的不同部位,其分化能力不同,出愈率由高到低依次是花丝>花柱>子房>花瓣>花药,花丝是较适宜诱导产生愈伤组织的外植体。花丝愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L 2,4-D,出愈率为69.56％,适宜愈伤组织增殖培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA;适宜芽分化的培养基为MS+0.6 mg/L 6-BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,芽诱导率达100％;最适生根培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,生根率达100％;试管苗移栽于草炭 ∶ 蛭石 ∶ 珍珠岩 ∶ 园土 ∶ 河沙=2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1的基质中,成活率达92％。     

大根唇柱苣苔的组培快繁技术

以大根唇柱苣苔叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类和浓度的激素进行组培快繁技术研究。结果表明:适宜叶片不定芽诱导的培养基是MS+6-BA 1.00 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,继代增殖培养的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.50~3.00 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L,适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.20~0.30 mg/L,适宜的基质是泥炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1、泥炭∶细河沙=2∶1、泥炭∶园土=2∶1。     

NR/ENR/SiO_2复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械混炼的方法制备不同ENR含量的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料,使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的动态力学性能和阻尼性能进行分析。结果表明:ENR对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼性能具有显著影响。动态热机械分析测试结果表明,随着ENR用量的增多,NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料在使用温度范围内的损耗因子积分面积增大,阻尼性能提高。橡胶加工分析频率扫描和应变扫描测试结果表明,在频率小于10 HZ不同应变时,加入了ENR的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼因子均高于NR/SiO2复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果证实,ENR的加入减少了SiO2的自聚,改善了填料在橡胶基体中的分散,从而使NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料力学性能得到提高。     

纳米TiO_2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗菌性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯掺杂金属Ag制备纳米二氧化钛(Ag-TiO2)水溶胶,并与天然胶乳湿法共混制备得到纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料。紫外可见光谱表明,金属Ag能提高TiO2的光催化性能;透射电子显微镜观察到TiO2颗粒粒径为50nm左右,并且均匀的吸附在胶粒表面。研究此复合材料的抗菌性能结果表明,其具有良好的抗细菌和抗霉菌效果,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到90%以上,特别是硫化过后的纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗细菌率更达98.5%。     

In VitroDigestion of Wheat Microstructure with Xylanase and Cellulase fromTrichoderma reesei

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

Physicochemical Studies on Resistant StarchIn VitroandIn Vivo

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

细旦涤麻棉针织物的纤维素酶整理

本文介绍了酶整理技术在细旦涤麻棉针织物上的应用，提出了现在主要三种纤维素酶处理细旦涤麻棉针织物的最佳工艺及效果。     

巴西橡胶树AnnHb1基因的克隆及表达分析

根据一个从巴西橡树胶乳cDNA文库中获得的EST片段的序列设计引物,通过RACE的方法获得了橡胶树编码annexin的cDNA,命名为AnnHb1。序列分析表明,AnnHb1长为1 198 bp,含有945 bp的阅读框,62 bp的5'-UTR和191 bp的3'-UTR,编码314个氨基酸,分子量为35.99 ku,等电点为8.18。该氨基酸序列与蓖麻、麻疯树、棉花、苜蓿、烟草和拟南芥中的annexin的同源性分别为82%、72%、72%、64%、60%和60%。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明AnnHb1基因在愈伤、花、树皮、叶、胶乳中均有表达,其中在愈伤组织中表达量最低,树皮中表达量最高。     

Polymorphism of Low Mr Glutenin Subunits in Triticum tauschii

A collection of 173 Triticum tauschii accessions was analysed to evaluate the variability of low molecular weight (M_r) glutenin subunits. These proteins were analysed by one-step one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and were divided into B-, C- and D-subunits in accordance with their electrophoretic mobility. Extensive polymorphism, both in the number and electrophoretic mobility, was detected in lowM_r glutenin subunits present in T. tauschii. Thirty different patterns for B-subunits and forty-three for C-subunits were identified, some of which were with identical electrophoretic mobility than those observed in hexaploid wheat. Glutenin subunits with the same electrophoretic mobilities of low M_r D-glutenin subunits as well as subunits encoded at the Glu-D4 and Glu-D5 loci, were also detected in accessions of T. tauschii. These results provide new basic knowledge regarding the genetics variability of the low M_r glutenin subunits, as well as their potential to create novel germplasm for the improvement of wheat quality in breeding programs.     

Comparative Enzyme Kinetics of Two Allelic Forms of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta -amylase

The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties, Franklin and Schooner, contain two different allelic forms of beta -amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) encoded on chromosome 4H by the Bmy 1-Sd1 and Bmy 1-Sd2L alleles, respectively. The corresponding enzymes, referred to as Sd1 and Sd2L, were purified from both mature barley grain and germinated barley (green malt), and their physical and kinetic properties studied. Approximately 4 kDa were cleaved from both Sd1 and Sd2Lbeta -amylases after germination. The K_mvalue for green malt beta -amylase was less than that of mature grain beta -amylase for both varieties when potato starch was used as a substrate, although V_maxwas similar. This indicated that proteolysis after germination increased the affinity of beta -amylase for potato starch. No significant kinetic differences were observed between beta -amylase from mature grain and green malt of the two barley varieties when amylose (degree of polymerisation 100 and 18) and maltopentaose were used as substrates. Kinetic differences were also observed between the two allelic forms of beta -amylase. Sd1 beta -amylase from green malt exhibited a lower K_mvalue for potato starch than Sd2L beta -amylase, demonstrating that at non-saturating starch concentrations Sd1 beta -amylase is better able to hydrolyse starch than Sd2L beta -amylase. As the degree of polymerisation of the substrates decreased from approximately 740 (potato starch) to 5 (maltopentaose), the K_mvalues for beta -amylase increased, whereas V_maxvalues decreased. Maltose, the hydrolytic product of beta -amylase, was found to be a weak competitive inhibitor of both Sd1 and Sd2L green malt beta -amylases with respect to potato starch and amylose. Taken together the kinetic observations for bet a-amylase suggest that the allelic differences and C-terminal proteolysis might be exploited to improve the efficiency of starch hydrolysis during the mashing stage of the brewing process.     

杜鹃红山茶离体快速繁殖

以杜鹃红山茶实生小苗为试验材料,探讨离体快速繁殖的方法。结果表明:茎段外植体在MS+BA 1 mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L+GA3 10 mg/L的培养基上培养60 d,侧芽萌发率高达68%;将这些萌发的侧芽连同原来的茎段外植体移至添加BA 0.2～0.4 mg/L的培养基培养1个月,74%的侧芽能够继续生长并形成丛生芽;再将丛生芽移至1/2 MS+IBA 4 mg/L+0.1%活性炭的培养基上培养1个月,得到大量伸长的芽条;将芽条切离母体后插植于1/2 MS+IBA 8 mg/L的培养基,60 d后生根率达到90%。通过以上过程繁殖得到的小苗质量良好,移栽1个月后的成活率可达90%。     

Protein Inhibitors ofAlpha-amylase in Mature and Germinating Grain of Rye (Secale cereale)

The activities of endogenous (R-type) and exogenous acting (D-type) protein inhibitors ofalpha-amylase and the activities ofalpha- and total amylase were determined in milling fractions of rye. High D-type amylase inhibitor activities were detected in the embryo (255 IU/g) and in the endosperm fraction (64·9 IU/g), low inhibitor activities were found in the aleurone layer fraction (25·9 IU/g). The highest R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activity was found in the aleurone layer fraction (32·6 IU/g), and the lowest value in the epidermis containing fraction (5·0 IU/g). The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities varied with growing conditions. D-type amylase inhibitor activities were found to be high in those samples which grew under drought conditions and low in samples cultivated under wet and cool weather. Higher R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities were found in rye genotypes cultivated under wet conditions and lower values under dry weather. There were small variations inalpha-amylase inhibitor activities between sprout-stable and sprout-sensitive rye genotypes. The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities of all varieties were stable during 72 h of germination. Similar soil conditions will therefore lead to differentialalpha-amylase inhibitor activities depending on weather conditions during growth.