磺胺二甲嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

采用重氮化法合成磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM_2)-人血清白蛋白(HSA)免疫抗原和SM_2~-卵清白蛋白(OVA)包被抗原。经紫外光谱扫描法确认SM_2与载体蛋白偶联成功；经计算SM_2与HSA、OVA的结合比分别为9：1和15：1。利用杂交瘤技术和有限稀释法经过5次亚克隆,得到三株特异性稳定分泌SM_2抗体的杂交瘤细胞,经鉴定该单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白亚类为IgG_1,为入链,分子量为162Ku,染色体数目90条左右,亲和常数为6．1×10~(12)M~(-1)。与其他四种磺胺药和两种载体蛋白HSA、OVA均无交叉反应。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶药物残留ELISA检测试剂盒的研制及初步应用

本试验旨在采用重氮化法合成的免疫抗原通过免疫BALB/c小鼠进行融合,获得高特异、高灵敏度的单克隆抗体。在建立磺胺二甲嘧啶单克隆抗体(SM2 mAb)杂交瘤细胞株和阻断ELISA的基础上,初步研制出一种一步法检测磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)的ELISA快速检测试剂盒(SM2-Kit)。结果表明:SM2-Kit检测范围为0.5～40.5μg/L,检测时间为30 min,IC50为1.4μg/L,最低检测限达0.1μg/L。经大量现场试验,猪肉组织最低检测限为1μg/kg,猪饲料最低检测限为1μg/kg,猪尿最低检测限为1.8μg/L,牛奶最低检测限为1.5μg/L,测试的回收率平均在70%～110%。     

猪组织和血浆中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留分布规律的数学模型分析

采用高效液相色谱法检测猪肌肉、肾脏、肝脏和血浆中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量,通过对饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶添加量和组织、血浆中残留量回归关系不同数学模型的分析,确立残留分布的规律的最佳数学模型.饲料中SM2的添加量在100～300μg/g的范围内,饲料添加量与猪组织(肌肉、肾脏、肝脏)、血浆的残留数学模型分别为:y=0.241 6e0.006 1x;y=1.9691e0.002 5x;y=3.049 5e0.001 9x;y=4.386 2e0.003 7x.通过对猪活体血浆样品的检测,根据建立的最佳残留数学模型,可算出饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶的添加量和肌肉、肾脏、肝脏中磺胺二甲嘧啶的残留量,实现活体的监测.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶配伍治疗仔猪白痢的疗效试验

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶以5∶1配伍制成复方磺胺二甲嘧啶片,治疗仔猪白痢,内服,用量25mg/kg·次（按磺胺二甲嘧啶计）,每日2次,有效率为92.9%。     

饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶的检测-ELISA方法

本研究以磺胺二甲嘧啶的单克隆抗体为核心试剂建立ELISA检测方法,可检测鸡饲料和猪饲料中的磺胺二甲嘧啶。ELISA方法的标准曲线为:y=-29.448x 74.565,R2=0.9917,IC50=6.8ng/mL,线性范围为0.7～71.3ng/mL,检测限为0.3ng/mL。选择磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.01mol/L,pH7.4)为提取溶剂,以0.1、1μg/g和10μg/g的浓度添加于空白的鸡和猪配合饲料时,其回收率为73.3～107.3%,变异系数为0.9%～19.2%。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶配伍治疗仔猪白痢的疗效试验及分析

磺胺二甲嘧啶5份与甲氧苄啶1份配伍制成复方磺胺二甲嘧啶片，治疗仔猪白痢，内服，用量25mg／kg／次（按磺胺二甲嘧啶计），每日2次，有效率为92．9％。     

阿维菌素单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

将与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联的阿维菌素人工合成抗原AVM-BSA免疫8周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得了2株分泌抗阿维菌素特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2F2和2H10.生物学特性鉴定的结果表明,2株杂交瘤细胞株诱生腹水的效价为1∶6 400,分泌的抗体亚型均为IgM;间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验结果表明,抗体的50%抑制质量浓度（IC50）为101 ng/mL,2株单克隆抗体与伊维菌素、多拉菌素、红霉素和白霉素均无交叉反应,证实单克隆抗体2H10具有很强的特异性,可用于阿维菌素药物残留免疫分析方法的建立.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶快速直接竞争ELISA试剂盒的研制及应用

在多克隆抗体的基础上研制一种用于检测动物源性食品中磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)残留量的直接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)试剂盒,并与高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法比较和验证.将磺胺二甲嘧啶添加到猪肝、猪肉和鸡肉样品中,用所制备的试剂盒和HPLC分析方法检测样品中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留,并对试剂盒的灵敏度、特异性、精密度、准确度和有效期进行测定.研究结果表明,磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度在0.5～50 ng·mL-1,方法的检测灵敏度IC10 =0.47 ng·mL-1,板内平均变异系数为7.4％,板间平均变异系数为9.27％.猪肝、猪肉与鸡肉组织样品中SMZ最低检测限分别为3.91、4.81与1.59 μg·kg1.在添加10.0～50.0 μg·kg-1时,平均回收率在85％～110％.试剂盒的检测时间为12.6 min,在4℃至少可以保存6个月.研制的试剂盒可以满足猪肝、猪肉和鸡肉中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留的现场快速检测.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与地克珠利治疗塞北兔球虫病的效果比较研究

为探讨磺胺二甲嘧啶与地克珠利对塞北兔自然感染球虫病的治疗效果.试验选取日龄、营养状况、发病程度一致、体重差异性不显著的30只塞北兔为试验动物,将其随机分成3组,A组(磺胺二甲嘧啶组)、B组(地克珠利组)、C组(空白对照组),每组10只.向A组饮水中添加500 mg/kg磺胺二甲嘧啶,向B组饲料中添加2 mg/kg地克珠...     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(Sulfamonomethoxine,SMM)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备完全抗原(BSA-SMM),并以BSA-SMM免疫Balb/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与NSO细胞融合,建立分泌SMM单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过对杂交瘤细胞培养上清液的检测、鉴定,筛选出12株高亲和力的杂交瘤细胞株,其中4B9、1H10、2E9的腹水ELISA效价为1×10-7、5.1×10-6和1×10-7。该单克隆抗体可用于饲料和动物源性食品中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶残留检测的免疫学快速检测方法的建立。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.