日本血吸虫多价核酸疫苗的构建及免疫保护试验

利用PCR技术获得日本血吸虫GST抗原基因,通过分子克隆技术将GST、FABP基因克隆至pVAX1载体,并将其克隆至舍有Sj23基因表达核的plRESneo栽体,构建重组质拉pVAX-GST、pVAX-GST-FABP、pIRESneo-Sj23和pIRESneo-GST-FABP-Sj23.将50只昆明小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,分别以肌肉注射质粒pIRESneo-GST-FABP-Sjz3、plRESneo-Sj23、pVAX-GST、pVAX-GST-FABP和空白质粒plRESneo,50μg/只,免疫2次,每次间隔21 d.测定小鼠免疫前后血清抗体水平,30 d经腹部皮肤感染血吸虫尾蚴,45 d后剖杀小鼠,计数各组小鼠虫卵数及成虫数.结果表明.重组质粒pVAX-GST、plRESneo-Sj23、pVAX-GST-FABP和pIRESneo-GST-FABP-Sj23均能诱导小鼠产生特异性的IgG抗体,plRESnecrGST-FABP-Sj23免疫组所诱导的IgG水平最高;减虫率分别为26.1%、30.8%、33.2%和47.5%,减卵率分别为25.4%、45.0%、48.4%和69.8%.pIRESneo-GST-FABP-Sj23的减卵率和减虫率明显高于其他DNA疫苗.结果表明,日本血吸虫多价核酸疫苗能产生较强的免疫反应,并能获得较好的免疫保护效果.     

利什曼原虫灭活苗的免疫效果试验

以小鼠为模型评价了利什曼原虫灭活苗的免疫保护效果。将利什曼原虫甲醛灭活后制备灭活疫苗,单独或与质粒pVAX/mIL-18联合经肌肉注射免疫小鼠,共免疫2次,间隔2周;同时以PBS作为对照。ELISA检测抗体表明,利什曼原虫灭活疫苗单独或与pVAX/mIL-18联合免疫可以诱导小鼠产生较强的抗利什曼原虫的IgG。免疫接种4周后通过尾静脉攻击利什曼原虫,联合免疫的减虫率达47.7%,单独免疫组减虫率达到31.4%;质粒pVAX/mIL-18组减虫率达到29.1%,灭活苗与pVAX/mIL-18联合免疫组肝脏负荷都要显著低于其它组(P0.05)。表明灭活苗与pVAX/mIL-18联合免疫组对Balb/c小鼠有一定的保护力,具有一定预防利什曼原虫感染的作用。     

东方田鼠血清筛选噬菌体展示抗原对小鼠日本血吸虫病免疫效果观察

本研究利用前期研究中东方田鼠血清筛选日本血吸虫成虫噬茵体展示cDNA文库获得的10个阳性克隆中的8个噬茵体克隆单独或联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,观察对日本血吸虫病的免疫预防效果,以筛选其中具有发展成疫苗的候选抗原编码基因.研究发现与空白对照组相比,展示血吸虫锌指蛋白的1号噬茵体克隆免疫组在两次实验中分别获得了32.10%和31.25%的减虫率、61.14%和47.31%的肝脏减卵率,虫体合抱率分别由92.59%、57.39%下降到69.09%、41.03%;其它噬茵体克隆单独免疫组或联合免疫组在第一次实验中均获得了8.02%～32.72%的减虫率和40.19%～69.53%的减卵率,但在第二次实验中未能得到验证.研究结果提示,日本血吸虫环状锌指蛋白(1号克隆)编码基因在疫苗方面具有重要研究价值.     

日本血吸虫重组IAP蛋白的免疫保护效果评估

为研究日本血吸虫凋亡蛋白抑制因子（inhibitor of apoptosis protein of Schistosoma japonicum,SjIAP）重组蛋白诱导BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护效果,利用PCR技术扩增SjIAP基因,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a（＋）-SjIAP,诱导表达重组SjIAP蛋白,并利用重组蛋白制备兔源多克隆抗体血清。然后,选用SjIAP重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清中的特异性抗体水平,以及免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞在SjIAP重组蛋白刺激后产生的细胞因子水平。强化免疫后,将小鼠进行血吸虫尾蚴攻虫试验,感染38 d,进行剖杀,计算虫体减虫率及肝脏减卵率。Western blot结果表明本研究制备的兔源多抗血清能特异性识别SjIAP重组蛋白。ELISA检测表明免疫SjIAP重组蛋白可诱导较高水平的IgG及IgG亚型（IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3）抗体和IFN-γ、IL-2及IL-4细胞因子。动物试验表明,免疫SjIAP重组蛋白的小鼠与PBS组相比分别获得了31.5%的减虫率和37.2%的肝脏减卵率。免疫SjIAP重组蛋白能诱导小鼠获得一定减虫和减卵保护效果,提示血吸虫凋亡蛋白抑制因子可作为抗血吸虫病的疫苗候选分子。     

日本血吸虫SjCHGC06822蛋白诱导BALB/c小鼠免疫保护效果观察

利用PCR技术扩增日本血吸虫Sj CHGC06822 ORF全长序列,以p ET28a(+)为载体构建重组质粒,大肠杆菌表达系统进行表达,His-Ni柱层析纯化r Sj CHGC06822/His蛋白后,生物信息学分析其可能结构,Western blot分析其抗原性。利用重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠评估其免疫效果,ELISA分析血清抗体亚型变化。结果显示,获得日本血吸虫Sj CHGC06822的完整ORF序列591 bp,编码192个氨基酸,序列aa37~aa72含一个EF-hand手性域结构,无信号肽及跨膜结构。获得的Sj CHGC06822/His重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性,在2次独立BALB/c小鼠实验中,与PBS对照组相比,Sj CHGC06822/His蛋白免疫组诱导小鼠获得30.36%、40.26%减虫率和30.14%、12.28%肝脏减卵率,血清Ig G抗体免疫及感染后持续增高,Ig G2a和Ig G1水平随免疫次数增高,感染后出现下降,但Ig G2a/Ig G1(1)水平持续增加。本研究成功克隆了Sj CHGC06822基因,并成功表达纯化了r Sj CHGC06822/His蛋白,且免疫原性和反应原性良好。Sj CHGC06822蛋白免疫可以诱导BALB/c小鼠产生一定的保护力,诱导宿主的免疫应答更偏向于Th1型。     

日本血吸虫C1q结合蛋白基因的克隆表达及其免疫保护效果评估

本研究利用PCR技术扩增到日本血吸虫C1q BP基因,构建了重组表达质粒p ET-32a(+)-Sj C1q BP,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。将重组蛋白免疫小鼠评估其免疫保护效果,采用Western blot检测其免疫原性,ELISA检测其特异性抗体水平,应用补体溶血试验分析重组蛋白对补体溶血的抑制效果。结果显示日本血吸虫C1q BP基因含729 bp的编码序列,在大肠杆菌中BL21(DE3)中表达后,用His-Bind亲和层析纯化可获得50 k Da的重组蛋白r Sj C1q BP。应用重组蛋白r Sj C1q BP免疫BALB/c小鼠可产生较高水平的特异性Ig G抗体,诱导36.08%的减虫率和43.45%的肝脏减卵率;补体溶血试验结果表明该重组蛋白能够抑制补体溶血。本研究结果为进一步研究日本血吸虫Sj C1q BP的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

日本血吸虫还原性辅酶I(SjNADH)基因的克隆表达及其免疫保护效果分析

为了评估日本血吸虫还原性辅酶I(SjNADH)在小鼠体内诱导的免疫保护效果,应用PCR获得SjNADH基因片段,其开放阅读框为474 bp,编码157个氨基酸,并在大肠杆菌中成功表达,纯化得到该重组蛋白。Western blot结果显示,SjNADH在日本血吸虫童虫和成虫中的表达量稳定,SjNADH融合蛋白也能被免疫血清识别,具有较好的免疫原性。应用重组蛋白免疫小鼠能诱导产生较高的特异性抗体水平,并诱导了20.13%的减虫率和23.06%的肝脏减卵率。结果表明,获得的SjNADH重组蛋白在小鼠体内诱导产生了部分免疫保护,有作为血吸虫疫苗候选抗原分子的潜力。     

pVAX1/SjTSP2 DNA疫苗免疫预防小鼠日本血吸虫病的效果评估

为评估SjTSP2分子作为日本血吸虫DNA疫苗候选抗原分子的潜力,本实验扩增了编码该分子的DNA片段,构建了重组真核质粒pVAX1/SjTSP2,检测其在哺乳动物细胞中表达情况后,通过基因枪轰击法免疫小鼠,应用ELISA、流式细胞术等检测重组质粒诱导的免疫反应,计算减虫减卵率,评估对小鼠日本血吸虫病的免疫保护效果。间接免疫荧光试验结果显示该质粒能在293T细胞中表达。质粒免疫小鼠诱导了显著升高的特异性IgG抗体和IFN-γ、IL-4等细胞因子。小鼠免疫保护试验结果表明,免疫组小鼠虫荷数较PBS对照组增加12.4%(P=0.368),但肝组织虫卵减少10.01%(P=0.486)。说明制备的DNA疫苗能刺激小鼠产生较强的免疫反应,但诱导的免疫保护作用并不理想,为血吸虫DNA疫苗研究提供了参考数据。     

日本血吸虫基因重组抗原rSj06868对小鼠的免疫保护效果

为克隆、表达日本血吸虫假想蛋白SJCHGC068068编码基因（暂命名为Sj06868）并观察重组抗原的免疫预防效果。应用PCR技术从日本血吸虫7 d童虫、14 d童虫mRNA反转录制备的cDNA中克隆到Sj06868基因的46-438 bp DNA片段,BLASTn分析未发现其他物种中的同源性序列,也未发现其保守序列和相关功能结构域。以pET32a为表达载体、Sj06868基因在大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）中获得高效表达,表达产物rSj068068分子量为36 kDa,能被感染血吸虫14 d兔血清识别。将纯化的重组抗原与佐剂ESSAI ISA 206 CELL混合后免疫BALB/c小鼠,与佐剂对照组和PBS对照组相比,分别获得了31.63%、29.19%减虫率以及55.63%、56.27%肝脏虫卵减少率。用ELISA检测各组血清中抗rSj068068特异性抗体结果显示,免疫组在攻击感染前、佐剂对照组和PBS对照组在感染后均产生了较高水平的特异性抗体。本研究结果说明,Sj068068是日本血吸虫特有的童虫期高表达基因,rSj068068在抗血吸虫疫苗和血吸虫感染的诊断方面均有潜在应用价值。     

日本血吸虫幼虫巨大致死基因片段的克隆、表达及免疫效果分析

为研究日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonnicum)幼虫巨大致死基因(Lethal giant larvae)的生物学功能,本研究应用荧光定量RT-PCR分析SjLgL基因在S.japonnicum不同发育阶段的表达情况,构建重组表达质粒pET-SjLgL进行诱导表达,对重组蛋白进行western blot鉴定;重组蛋白刺激免疫动物进行免疫保护试验,检测IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α和IFN-γ的变化.结果表明,SjLgL基因在S.japonnicum不同发育时期均有表达,成虫期略高于童虫,雄虫高于雌虫.Western blot鉴定结果显示,该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性.免疫保护试验结果表明,免疫小鼠分别获得了22.34％的减虫率和55.49％的肝脏减卵率.血清学检测结果显示重组蛋白免疫小鼠后产生了特异性IgG抗体.细胞因子检测结果表明,重组蛋白刺激免疫动物主要诱发产生Th1型的免疫应答.本实验结果表明该重组蛋白在小鼠体内可诱导产生部分免疫保护效果.     

The protective effect of a Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 plasmid DNA vaccine in mice is enhanced with IL-18

More effective vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii may contribute to the control of this pathogen that has major veterinary and public health significance. In this study, two recombinant plasmids pcDNA/TgSAG1 and pVAX/mIL-18 containing T. gondii SAG1 (TgSAG1) and murine cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) were evaluated for their ability to protect mice against T. gondii challenge. Mice were given two intramuscular immunizations 3 weeks apart, and challenged with T. gondii 3 weeks later. All animals vaccinated with pcDNA/TgSAG1 alone or with pVAX/mIL-18 developed specific anti-TLA (T. gondii lysate antigen) antibodies and specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. Co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-γ and IL-2. Further, challenge experiments showed that co-immunization with pVAX/mIL-18 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the survival rate (60%), compared with pcDNA/TgSAG1 alone (40%). Therefore, codelivery of the IL-18-secreting plasmid potentiates the induction and maintenance of the type 1 helper T-cell immune response and may be a potent strategy for enhancing the protective efficacy of vaccines against T. gondii.     

Characterization of a novel vaccine candidate and serine proteinase inhibitor from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj serpin)

Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) represent an important superfamily of endogenous inhibitors that regulate proteolytic events active in a variety of physiological functions. Immunological screening of a Schistosoma japonicum adult worm cDNA expression library with sera of Microtus fortis, a naturally resistant vertebrate host, has identified one clone that encoded for a sequence homologous to those of the serpin superfamily. The full-length sequence encoding S. japonicum serpin (Sj serpin) was amplified from adult worm cDNA by using 5'-RACE-PCR and subsequently cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28c. The full-length Sj serpin fusion-protein with his-tag was expressed in E. coli, purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits. Sj serpin is located on the tegument in S. japonicum adult worms. C57BL/6 mice immunized with Sj serpin induced the production of high levels of specific IgE and IgG1 subclass antibodies as well as a marked IL-4 response. Lymphocyte surface marker analysis revealed proliferation of CD19 expressing B cells, indicating a predominant Th2-type response to Sj serpin. Immunized mice developed moderate protection against infection of S. japonicum as demonstrated by a 36 and 39% reduction in the recovery of adult worms and eggs, respectively. These data suggested a role for Sj serpin as a vaccine candidate or as a novel target for anti-schistosome drugs.     

Immune response and protective efficacy against homologous challenge in BALB/c mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor gene

A DNA vaccine (pVAX1-TgADF) encoding Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene was constructed and the immune response and protective efficacy of this vaccine against homologous challenge in BALB/c mice were evaluated. High titers of specific antibody and increases in the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte cells were observed from BALB/c mice vaccinated with pVAX1-TgADF (P<0.05), when PBS group was used as control. The survival time of BALB/c mice in pVAX1-TgADF group was longer than those in control groups. The numbers of brain cysts in the experimental BALB/c mice immunized with pVAX1-TgADF reduced significantly compared with those in PBS group (P<0.05), and the rate of reduction could reach to around 42.8%. These results suggested that the DNA vaccine pVAX1-TgADF could generate specific humoral and cellular immune responses, prolong survival times, and reduce brain cysts load against T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice.     

Comparison of the vaccine efficacy of gamma-irradiated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae with the defined antigen Sj62(IrV-5) in pigs

Development of a vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum which can protect both man and the domestic animal zoonotic reservoirs of infection would be an invaluable tool in attempts to control this infection in those areas in which conventional control methods have failed to break transmission. The pig is a natural host of S. japonicum and because of its anatomical and immunological similarities to humans, it is a potentially valuable host for studies on S. japonicum in particular and schistosomes in general. Radiation-attenuated cercariae are highly effective in inducing immunity in experimental schistosomosis and there are promising reports of partial protection against schistosomes with recombinant-derived individual antigens. In the present study we have set out to establish a protocol for inducing protection with gamma-irradiated cercariae in pigs and to assess the protective capacity of recombinant and naked DNA formulations of Sj62, a 62kDa region of S. japonicum myosin. The corresponding S. mansoni version or Sj62, recombinant IrV-5, has previously been implicated in irradiated vaccine immunity in S. mansoni infections and has been shown to induce high levels of immunity in a variety of hosts.Groups of pigs were immunised three times at 2-week intervals with 2000 cercariae irradiated at 20krad, with Sj62 as a recombinant (rSj62) incorporated in Freund's adjuvant, a micellar preparation, or as a naked DNA construct. Vaccination with irradiated cercariae did not induce significant anti-Sj62 antibody but following intramuscular challenge with 2000 cercariae, the vaccinated pigs showed >95% resistance as assessed by reduced faecal egg output, worm tissue egg burdens and also reduced septal fibrosis. Immunisation with each of the Sj62 formulations induced significant anti-Sj62 antibody responses, the highest titre (>12,800) being with the Freund's preparation but none of the Sj62-immunised groups showed significant resistance to challenge. The data suggest that Sj62 shows little promise as a vaccine candidate for schistosomosis.     

白细胞介素-12对犬细小病毒VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用

犬细小病毒编码的VP2蛋白是该病毒重要的结构蛋白和抗原蛋白。利用VP2基因制备的DNA疫苗能够刺激机体产生免疫应答反应。为进一步提高VP2DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平,本研究在小鼠体内尝试了利用白细胞介素12（IL-12）基因表达载体提高VP2DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平。首先采用RT-PCR方法从小鼠脾淋巴细胞中分别扩增IL-12大亚基（P40）和小亚基（P35）cDNA基因;然后在真核表达载体pcDNA3.1A上通过引入内部核糖体进入位点（IRES）序列,分别将P40基因和P35基因插入到IRES序列的上下游,构建成IL-12（P40和P35双亚基）基因表达载体,pcDNA-P40-IRES-P35。将上述表达载体与本室构建的VP2表达载体通过磷酸钙方法转染HEK 293T细胞进行瞬时表达,以确定构建的表达载体能否介导相应基因在真核细胞中进行分泌表达。然后用VP2载体单免疫和VP2载体和IL-12载体共免疫方法对小鼠进行免疫（用pcDNA3.1A作为对照）。免疫后在特定时间通过ELISA方法检测小鼠血清抗VP2蛋白的抗体水平,并通过淋巴细胞增殖实验检测免疫后35d小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果表明,扩增的小鼠IL-12P40和P35亚基基因与GenBank的参考序列基本一致。Western-blot检测结果表明,重组IL-12和VP2均能够在HEK293T细胞中进行分泌性表达。ELISA检测结果表明利用IL-2载体与VP2载体共免疫小鼠,其血清中抗VP2的抗体水平明显高于VP2载体单免疫组（P〈0.01）,抗体水平在第35天高达1：5120。淋巴细胞增殖试验结果表明,免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞刺激指数均明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,VP2载体与IL2载体共免疫组的刺激指数明显高于VP2载体单免疫组（P〈0.05）。由此可见,在小鼠体内,IL-12基因表达载体可明显提高CPV VP2基因疫苗的免疫应答水平。     

A fatty acid binding protein from Fasciola hepatica induced protection in C57/BL mice from challenge infection with Schistosoma bovis.

Three strains of mice (NMRI, C57/BL, BALB/c) were each immunized with a 12 kDa purified, native Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein (Fh12) and challenged percutaneously with Schistosoma bovis cercariae. C57/BL mice immunized with Fh12 had significant reductions in S. bovis worm burden recoveries (96 and 87% reductions over controls in two separate experiments). When using NMRI or BALB/c mice, Fh12 alone or in Freund's adjuvant failed to induce significant protection against S. bovis. In C57/BL mice vaccinated against Fh 12, antibodies to the IgG2a isotype, but not to the IgG1 isotype, increased by 2 weeks after the second immunization and remained high through 8 weeks of S. bovis infection. Antibodies to S. bovis increased after 4 weeks of infection. Regarding cytokine production by spleen mononuclear cells, C57/BL mice vaccinated with Fh12 in adjuvant, and having the highest protective response against challenge infection with S. bovis, had an increase of IFN-gamma production with Concanavalin A but no increase of IL-4 in similarly stimulated cells. These results suggest that the protection obtained in this group of mice is mediated by a Th1 immune response.     

羊口疮病毒B2L、F1L基因融合真核表达质粒诱导小鼠的免疫应答及IL-2对其作用影响的研究

为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L、F1L基因融合真核表达质粒pVAX1-B2L-F1L免疫小鼠诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答及IL-2对其免疫作用的影响。本研究将构建的pVAX1-B2L-F1L真核质粒转染MDBK细胞后,采用RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测B2L-F1L融合基因在MDBK细胞中的表达;将pVAX1-B2L-F1L、pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2、pVAX1空载体、生理盐水对照组KM系小鼠通过后腿肌肉注射的方式免疫,采用ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体以及Th1型(IL-2、IFN-γ)、Th2型(IL-4、IL-6)细胞因子;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,pVAX1-B2L-F1L重组质粒能够在MDBK细胞中表达;pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体及IL-2和IFN-γ水平均显著高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组;该联合免疫组小鼠血清IL-4、IL-6细胞因子水平与pVAX1-B2L-F1L组相比差异不显著(p>0.05);该联合免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖水平高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组(p<0.05)。由此表明,pVAX1-B2L-F1L能够诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,联合pVAX1-IL-2诱导的免疫反应以细胞免疫应答为主,且能够促进Th1型细胞因子的分泌。本研究为OrfV基因工程疫苗的研制提供了参考依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗诱导的CTL杀伤活性检测

通过基因工程的方法获得猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)二联重组鸡痘活载体疫苗vUTAL-P1-ORF2ORF1和核酸疫苗pVAX1IL-18ORF2ORF1.将采取不同的免疫方案接种本体动物猪,在二免后15 d分别采猪抗凝血,用淋巴细胞分离液处理,得到淋巴细胞作为效应细胞;构建重组质粒pDisplay-ORF2,并转染PK...