女贞子对断奶仔猪生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响

选择健康的28日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交猪48头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+20 mg.kg-1硫酸粘杆菌素)、益生菌组(基础日粮+0.2%益生菌)及女贞子组(基础日粮+1%女贞子),试验从仔猪28日龄开始到56日龄结束,试验期为28 d。旨在研究日粮中添加女贞子对断奶仔猪生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,女贞子组、抗生素组的平均日增重及平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。女贞子组血清、肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清、心脏、肝脏中MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。说明女贞子对仔猪断奶期的生产性能及抗氧化功能有积极作用,且对抗氧化功能的影响优于抗生素。     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance,Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets （Sus scrofa）

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×Landrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P＜0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P＞0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P＞0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P＞0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P＞0.05) and CD4+ (P＜0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.     

壳聚糖铜对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道菌群及黏膜形态的影响

 【目的】研究壳聚糖铜对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道菌群和肠道黏膜形态等方面的影响,为壳聚糖铜的利用提供科学依据。【方法】选择120头体重(7.8 ± 0.2 kg)的“杜长大”三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为4组。分别饲喂4种日粮：基础日粮组不添加外源铜(对照组),其它组在基础日粮基础上分别添加50、100 mg?kg-1壳聚糖铜(CS-Cu)、200 mg?kg-1硫酸铜,预饲期7 d,试验期30 d。【结果】50、100 mg?kg-1 CS-Cu和200 mg?kg-1硫酸铜组的日增重分别比对照组显著增加(P＜0.05),料重比显著降低(P＜0.05);添加CS-Cu可使盲肠和结肠内容物中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量明显降低(P＜0.05),而乳酸杆菌数量显著升高(P＜0.05);与硫酸铜组相比, 100 mg?kg-1 CS-Cu组空肠和回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P＜0.05);空肠绒毛高度明显提高(P＜0.05)。【结论】日粮中添加100 mg?kg-1CS-Cu与200 mg?kg-1硫酸铜,对提高断奶仔猪日增重和降低料重比具有等同的效果;日粮中添加CS-Cu具有改善肠道微生态平衡和肠道形态的作用。     

GXC对断奶仔猪血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达的影响

    选择36头"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,按饲养试验要求分为2组,分别饲喂不含和含有0.15%β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶(GXC)的大麦型饲粮,进行为期28 d的饲养试验,研究大麦型饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶对其血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达的影响.结果表明,添加复合酶组日增重提高13.99%(P＜0.05),料重比降低6.32%(P＜0.05),日采食量虽有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶显著增加断奶仔猪血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA丰度,比对照组分别提高43.91% (P＜0.01)和33.43% (P＜0.01).结果提示,添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶不仅能够改善断奶仔猪对大麦型饲粮的利用效率,而且还影响血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达,从而提高仔猪对饲料的转化效率,促进其生长.     

Effects of Dietary Net Energy Density and Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine: Net Energy Ratio on the Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Growing Finishing Pigs Fed Low Crude Protein Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids Diets

Two 3x3 factorial design trials with 1 080 of Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc barrows were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) density and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:NE ratio on the performance of growingfinishing pigs and carcass characteristic of finishing pigs fed low crude protein (CP) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA) diets. Low CP corn-soybean meal basal diets (14% for Exp. 1 and 11% for Exp. 2) supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan were formulated. Nine treatments with increasing NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were used in each trial (Exp. 1: 9.66, 9.87, and 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.89, 0.96, and 1.03 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE; Exp. 2: 9.83, 10.04, and 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.69, 0.76, and 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE). In Exp. 1, we observed that the average daily gain (ADG) for barrows that received the diet containing 9.87 MJ kg-1 NE was significantly higher than that of barrows fed a 9.66 MJ kg-1 NE diet (P＜0.05), but no difference was observed when compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE (P＞0.05). The ADG was affected both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) as the SID lysine:NE ratio increased. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) (P＞0.05). The feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased (linearly,P＜0.05;quadratically, P＜0.05) as the NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio increased, but no interaction of NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio on the F:G. In Exp. 2, the dietary NE density both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) affected the ADGand F:G. Barrows that received a diet containing 10.04 MJ kg-1 NE had a greater ADG (P＜0.05) than barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet, but there was no difference (P＞0.05) as compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE. F:G was significantly higher (P＜0.05) for barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet when compared with barrows that received the other two diets. The ADG was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) for pigs that received a diet containing 0.69 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio when compared with pigs fed a diet containing 0.76 or 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake, SUN, and carcass characteristic for finishing barrows (P＞0.05). The overall results of the two experiments indicated that barrows that received the diet with the dietary CP level reduced 4 percentage units compared the NRC (1998) recommendations.Maximized the best performance with NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were 9.87 MJ kg-1, 1.03 g MJ-1 NE for 20-50 kg pigs, and 10.04 MJ kg-1, 0.76 g MJ-1 NE for 60-100 kg pigs, respectively.     

降铜对植酸酶在断奶仔猪饲粮中应用的影响

【目的】为加快仔猪生长和提高饲粮消化率,仔猪饲粮中常常同时添加高剂量铜和植酸酶,但高铜对植酸酶的作用究竟有何影响却仍鲜见报道。研究高铜饲粮中添加植酸酶对仔猪营养物质消化率、生产性能、粪铜和粪磷排放的影响,以及降低铜的添加量对植酸酶作用的影响。【方法】试验选取180头体重9-10 kg长×大二元杂交仔猪,随机分成3组,每组5栏,每栏12头猪,分别饲喂3种试验饲粮中的一种。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,其营养水平达到或超过NRC(1998)相应阶段猪营养需要量。组1为对照组,饲粮铜添加量为180 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）,不添加植酸酶;组2和组3为植酸酶试验组,添加500 IU·kg^-1植酸酶,组2和3饲粮铜添加量分别为 180和120 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）。试验预试期3 d,正试期3 w,试验期间仔猪自由采食和饮水,记录采食量,观察腹泻情况,计算试验期间平均日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻频率。试验结束前连续3 d以栏为重复单位采集部分新鲜粪样,每100 g新鲜粪样加10 mL的10%乙醇,-20℃保存待测。以酸不溶灰分为参照内标,测定计算营养物质消化率和矿物质表观消化率。【结果】（1）高铜仔猪饲粮中添加植酸酶可使磷表观消化率提高21.12%（组2与组1相比,P＜0.01）,粪磷含量降低4.41%（P=0.09）,腹泻频率降低19.22%（P=0.35）,添加植酸酶对干物质和蛋白表观消化率,采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（2）两个植酸酶试验组相比,当铜添加量由180 mg·kg^-1降低到120 mg·kg^-1时,钙、磷表观消化率分别提高13.74%和9.79%（组3与组2相比,P=0.02和P=0.01）,粪磷含量降低18.86%（P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低25.24%（P=0.25）,降铜对干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率、采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（3）与高铜无植酸酶组相比,减少铜添加量并且添加植酸酶,可使饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白、钙和磷表观消化率分别提高1.80%、2.84%、17.20%和32.98%（组3与组1相比,P=0.02,P=0.04,P＜0.01和P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低39.6%（P=0.04）。【结论】现有试验表明,在添加植酸酶的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,将铜（硫酸铜形式）添加量从180 mg·kg^-1 减少到120 mg·kg^-1可以显著减少铜对植酸酶的干扰,提高饲粮钙、磷表观消化率,降低粪铜和粪磷含量。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及相关理化指标的影响

为探讨酸化剂对早期断奶仔猪生长影响,选择平均体重相近(7.5±0.15)kg断奶仔猪90头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5头。试验1、2组日粮分别在对照组基础上添加0.2%、0.4%酸化剂。结果表明:与对照组比较,试验1、2组仔猪日增重分别提高0.75%、11.39%(P<0.05),料肉比降低了4.27%(P<0.05)和3.40%。添加酸化剂提高了胃蛋白酶、十二指肠内容物中脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性,显著降低胃内容物pH值,对肠道pH影响不显著。表明在早期断奶仔猪饲粮中添加复合酸化剂可刺激胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌,提高十二指肠消化酶活性,从而提高仔猪营养物质消化率和生长性能。     

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Phytase Transgenic Corn on Growth Performance,Phosphorus Utilization and Excretion in Growing Pigs （Sus scrofa）

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic corn (PTC)on growth performance, phosphorus (P) utilization and excretion in growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 180 pigs (Large White ×Landrace, BW=37.7 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 9 pigs each in order to evaluate the effect of PTC supplementation in low-P diets on growth performance. Four corn soybean meal-based diets consisted of a positive control (PC) diet, a diet containing 500 units (U) of exogenous phytase kg-1 (EP) on the basis of low-P (inorganic P reduced by 0.05% from PC diet) and the low-P+500 (PTC1) or 750 (PTC2) phytase U ofPTC kg-1. In Exp. 2, 20 barrows (Large White×Landrace, BW=31 kg, 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 1 pig each) were randomly selected to evaluate the effect of PTC in low-P diets on serum parameters and nutrient utilization. Diets in Exp. 2 were similar to those in Exp. 1except that the EP group was replaced by a low-P diet without exogenous phytase supplementation as a negative control (NC) group. The results from Exp. 1 showed that the average daily gain (ADG) in the PTC2 group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that in the EP group over all periods. On the other hand, the feed:gain (F:G) ratio of the EP group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that of the PTC2 group during 1-21 and 1-42 d, respectively. There were no differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) among all treatments (P＞0.05). The results from Exp. 2 showed that the concentration of serum Ca in the NC group was the highest (P＜0.05), while the concentration of serum P in the PTC2 group was the highest (P＜0.05) among all treatments. There was a significant decrease (P＜0.05) in the P apparent digestibility of the NC group compared with the other groups, and that of PTC2 group was the best. Furthermore, fecal P excretion was reduced (P＜0.05) from 1.80 g d-1 in the PC group to 1.28 g d-1 in the PTC2 group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PTC could reduce the application of inorganic P, decrease fecal P excretion, and improve the growth performance of growing pigs.     

葡萄籽原花青素及维生素E对氧化应激仔猪生长性能、 血清氧化还原状态和肝脏氧化损伤的影响

【目的】研究饲粮添加葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed procyanidins, GSPs)和维生素E(vitamin E,VE)对氧化应激仔猪生长性能、血清氧化还原状态及肝脏氧化损伤的影响。【方法】24头28 d的断奶仔猪(L×Y),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。NC组和Diqaut组饲喂基础饲粮,GSPs+Diquat组和VE+Diquat组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100 mg•kg-1 GSPs和50 mg•kg-1 VE的试验饲粮。在试验第10 d对Diquat组、GSPs+Diquat组和VE+Diquat组试猪腹腔注射Diquat（10 mg•kg-1）, NC组注射生理盐水。试验期为17 d。【结果】结果显示,与NC组相比,注射Diquat导致仔猪生长性能,血清和肝脏抗氧化能力以及肝脏ALT和AST活性显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清ALT和AST活性显著升高（P＜0.05）;饲粮添加100 mg•kg-1 GSPs或50 mg•kg-1 VE 均显著改善应激仔猪血清GSH-px活性和抗 能力及肝脏ALT和AST活性(P＜0.05),降低血清ALT、AST活性和MDA含量(P＜0.05)。与此同时,GSPs还显著增加仔猪血清SOD活性、抗•OH能力及肝脏T-AOC和抗•OH能力(P＜0.05),降低肝脏MDA含量(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮添加100 mg•kg-1 GSPs或50 mg•kg-1 VE均能有效缓解Diquat所致仔猪氧化应激,且在血清和肝脏抗氧化方面GSPs效果较好。     

黄芪、红景天、当归对断奶仔猪生长性能及相关生理机能影响的比较

 【目的】比较黄芪、红景天、当归对断奶仔猪生长性能及相关生理机能的影响,探讨中药防治仔猪断奶应激的作用机理。【方法】选择身体健康、状态良好、平均体重在（10.07±0.21）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪180头,随机分成10组（每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其它各组在饲喂基础饲粮的基础上添加0.5%、1%、1.5%黄芪和0.5%、1%、1.5%红景天及0.5%、1%、1.5%当归,试验期共14 d。【结果】与对照组相比：1）饲粮中添加1%黄芪、1.5%红景天、1.5%黄芪可使仔猪末重（P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）、平均日增重（P＜0.01、P＜0.01、P＜0.01）和平均日采食量（P＜0.05、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）显著提高;添加1%黄芪、1.5%红景天可使仔猪料重比显著降低（P＜0.05、P＜0.05）。2）1%黄芪组、1.5%红景天组在试验第7天（P＜0.01、P＜0.05）和第14天（P＜0.05、P＜0.05）均有显著降低仔猪血清NO含量的效果;而1%黄芪组、1.5%红景天组、1.5%黄芪组和1.5%当归组在试验第7天（P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）和第14天（P＜0.01、P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）均有显著提高仔猪血清GSP-Px活性的作用。3）1%黄芪组、1.5%红景天组和1.5%当归组有显著提高红细胞总数的效果（P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）,1%黄芪组提高仔猪血红蛋白含量的作用显著（P＜0.05）,1%黄芪组、1.5%红景天组、1.5%黄芪组和1.5%当归组均有显著提高白细胞总数的作用（P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）,1%黄芪组、1.5%红景天组和1.5%当归组提高淋巴细胞比率的作用显著（P＜0.05、P＜0.05、P＜0.05）,1%黄芪组和1.5%红景天组可使单核细胞比率显著提高（P＜0.05、P＜0.05）。【结论】饲料中添加适量的黄芪、红景天和当归对断奶仔猪抗氧化力、血常规等相关生理机能均有不同程度的改善促进作用,从而改善机体健康水平,促进仔猪生长,其中1%黄芪组效果最明显,1.5%红景天效果较明显、1.5%当归效果相对最弱。     

43-63日龄黄羽肉鸡锌需要量的研究

 【目的】研究日粮锌添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化机能、免疫功能、组织锌沉积等的影响,探讨43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡的锌需要量。【方法】选用43日龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1(空白对照组)为基础日粮,锌水平为18 mg?kg-1,处理2、3、4、5、6分别在基础日粮上添加20、40、60、80、120 mg?kg-1锌。试验周期为21 d。【结果】在本试验条件下,日粮添加锌对鸡生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)。添加锌显著提高鸡血清GSH-Px、CuZnSOD、AKP活性(P＜0.05),显著增加血清GSH含量、血清及胫骨Zn含量、血清及肝脏MT含量(P＜0.05),其中添加60 mg?kg-1锌改善血清AKP活性和胫骨Zn含量效果最佳。日粮添加20—40 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡胸腺指数,添加20—80 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡法氏囊指数(P＜0.05),但日粮添加锌对63日龄鸡脾脏指数、肝脏CuZnSOD活性和胫骨灰分含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】仅考虑生长性能,玉米豆粕型日粮不需添加锌;以血清AKP活性、胫骨Zn含量为衡量指标,43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡日粮锌适宜水平为78 mg?kg-1。通过非线性回归模型估测日粮锌适宜水平分别为81、60 mg?kg-1。     

五味子、柠檬酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

试验选择28日龄断奶二元杂交(长白×大约克)仔猪48头,平均断奶体重7.4±0.6 kg,平均分为4组,每组3次重复,每重复4头(公母各半),试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,旨在研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加CA可提高饲料利用效率(P0.05),但对日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05)。添加SC或CA+SC除降低腹泻率外对断奶仔猪生产性能无影响(P0.05)。添加五味子可显著提高断奶仔猪肝脏或脾脏SOD活性,提高血清GR活性,降低心脏或肝脏MDA含量(P0.05)。且日粮中添加五味子可提高断奶仔猪机体抗氧化功能,添加柠檬酸或五味子可改善断奶仔猪部分生长性能。     

日粮硒添加水平对泰和乌骨鸡生产性能及组织黑色素含量的影响

 【目的】研究日粮添加硒对泰和乌骨鸡生产性能及组织黑色素含量的影响,探讨硒影响黑色素合成的作用机制。【方法】选用1日龄泰和乌骨鸡450只,随机分成6个处理组,每组设5个重复,每个重复15只鸡。6组试验鸡分别饲喂基础日粮添加0、0.10、0.30、0.50、0.70和0.90 mg·kg-1硒的日粮,饲养至4周龄。在4周末计算平均日增重和料重比,测定血清和组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、酪氨酸酶（TYR）活性和黑色素含量。【结果】基础日粮中添加硒可显著改善泰和乌骨鸡生产性能（P＜0.05）,当日粮硒添加水平为0.30 mg·kg-1时,泰和乌骨鸡生产性能最佳。添加0.10—0.70 mg·kg-1硒,可显著提高血清、肝脏、肾脏、胸肌和皮肤GSH-Px、TYR活性,并显著提高这些组织的黑色素沉积（P＜0.05）。平均日增重、料重比、血清和组织GSH-Px、TYR活性、黑色素含量与日粮硒添加水平呈显著的二次曲线变化（P＜0.05）。组织黑色素含量与组织GSH-Px、TYR活性以及组织TYR活性与组织GSH-Px活性存在显著的正相关关系（P＜0.05）。泰和乌骨鸡取得最大组织黑色素含量时硒的适宜添加水平高于取得最大日增重时的添加水平。【结论】日粮添加硒可改善泰和乌骨鸡生产性能和提高组织黑色素合成,且乌骨鸡维持组织最佳黑色素沉积时硒的适宜需要量高于维持最大生长需要量。日粮硒促进组织黑色素合成的作用与其提高机体抗氧化能力密切相关。     

哺乳期饲喂白藜芦醇和地衣芽孢杆菌对0-2月龄湖羊生长性能、营养物质消化代谢和血清指标的影响

【目的】从羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化代谢、血清抗氧化和免疫指标方面研究白藜芦醇（Resveratrol ）和地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）对0—2月龄羔羊的应用效果。【方法】选取体重为（3.82±0.46）kg的新生湖羊羔羊120只,分为4个处理组：正常断奶组（CON组,49 d断奶）、早期断奶组（EW组,21 d断奶）、白藜芦醇组（RSV组,饲喂10 mg·kg ^-1 BW白藜芦醇,21 d断奶）和地衣芽孢杆菌组（BL组,饲喂60 mg·kg ^-1 BW地衣芽孢杆菌,活菌数≥2×10 ⁹cfu/g,21 d断奶）。每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只羔羊。从4日龄开始,RSV组和BL组分别通过口腔灌服白藜芦醇和地衣芽孢杆菌。羔羊于56—63日龄期间进行消化代谢试验,并在63日龄时采集血液样品。试验期共63 d。 【结果】羔羊21 d体重（BW）和0—21日龄开食料采食量及平均日增重（ADG）在各处理组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。EW组、RSV组和BL组羔羊的49 d和63 d体重均显著低于CON组（P＜0.01）,开食料采食量在21—49日龄期间显著升增加（P＜0.01）。试验全期（0—63 d）,EW组、RSV组和BL组羔羊ADG显著低于CON组（P＜0.01）,分别降低了18.5%、15.1%和20.5%。CON组和EW组羔羊干物质（DM）和有机物（OM）的消化率显著高于RSV组（P＜0.05）,并且EW组OM消化率显著高于RSV 组（P＜0.05）。CP、EE、Ca、P的表观消化率在各组之间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。EW组NDF和ADF的消化率显著高于RSV组（P＜0.05）,其他各组之间NDF和ADF的消化率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。不同处理对羔羊血清抗氧化、免疫及炎症等指标均无显著性影响（P＞0.05）。【结论】21日龄断母乳直接转为采食固体饲料的饲喂方式,会造成羔羊生长受阻,早期饲喂地衣芽孢杆菌和白藜芦醇对湖羊羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化代谢、血清抗氧化和免疫指标等方面无明显作用。     

不同形态锰对肉仔鸡脂肪代谢关键酶活性及其基因表达的影响

 【目的】研究添加不同形态锰及锰水平对肉仔鸡脂肪代谢关键酶活性及其mRNA水平的影响。【方法】试验采用2×2（两种锰源×两个锰添加水平）两因子完全随机设计,另加一个不添加锰的对照组。将240只1日龄AA肉公鸡按体重随机分为5个处理组,每组设8个重复,每个重复6只鸡,分别饲喂不添加锰的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（对照组）和在基础饲粮中分别添加100和200 mg•kg-1锰（源于硫酸锰（MnSO4•H2O）和氨基酸锰（Mn AA））的饲粮,试验期42 d。【结果】添加锰对腹脂率无显著影响（P＞0.10）,但添加锰组有降低腹脂率的趋势（P=0.103）;肝脏脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）及腹脂激素敏感脂酶（HSL）活性不受添加锰源及锰源与锰水平互作的影响（P＞0.10）,但受到添加锰水平的显著影响（P＜0.10）;添加100 mg•kg-1锰组FAS活性显著低于对照组（P＜0.10）,添加100和200 mg•kg-1锰组肝脏MDH活性显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）,而两个添加锰水平组间无显著差异（P＞0.10）;添加200 mg•kg-1锰组腹脂HSL活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）和添加100 mg•kg-1锰组（P＜0.10）,添加100 mg•kg-1锰组较对照组无显著差异（P＞0.10）;添加锰源及锰源与锰水平互作对肝脏FAS和MDH及腹脂FAS和LPL mRNA水平均无显著影响（P＞0.10）,但添加锰水平显著降低肝脏MDH mRNA水平（P＜0.01）,而对肝脏FAS及腹脂FAS和LPL mRNA水平无显著影响（P＞0.10）;添加100 mg•kg-1和200 mg•kg-1组肝脏MDH mRNA水平都显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）,但是这两个添加锰水平组间无显著差异（P＞0.10）。【结论】 添加锰可以通过降低肝脏FAS和MDH活性及提高腹脂中HSL活性来降低肉仔鸡腹脂沉积,而锰可能通过降低肝脏MDH mRNA水平来降低其酶活性,有机锰和无机锰在以上作用效果方面无差异。     

发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究以苍术、黄柏和白术为主药的发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和生化指标影响。采用单因子试验,选取遗传背景相近、健康状况良好21日龄断奶仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大白)192头,随机分组Ⅰ(对照组,基础日粮)、Ⅱ(添加抗生素)、Ⅲ(添加0.20%未发酵复方中草药)、Ⅳ(添加0.10%发酵复方中草药)、Ⅴ(添加0.20%发酵复方中草药)、Ⅵ(添加0.30%发酵复方中草药组),每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。试验期为28 d。结果表明,(1)断奶仔猪日粮中添加发酵和未发酵复方中草药,均可提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低料重比和腹泻率。添加发酵复方中草药效果优于未发酵复方中草药,添加发酵复方中草药各组中,添加量0.20%时效果最好,其中,平均日采食量和日增重分别比对照组提高17.59%和30.51%(P0.05),与抗生素相比分别提高6.23%和9.05%(P0.05);料重比和腹泻率分别比对照组降低10.16%和48.38%(P0.05),与抗生素相比料重比降低3.09%、腹泻率提高19.12%(P0.05);(2)添加未发酵复方中草药组仔猪免疫力与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),添加发酵复方中草药组中以添加0.2%组效果最好,可显著提高断奶仔猪血清中Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、TP和GH含量,与对照组相比,分别提高9.72%、15.88%、7.43%、20.66%、37.24%(P0.05),血清中CHOL含量与对照组相比显著降低16.06%(P0.05)。综上所述,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加发酵复方中草药可提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强仔猪免疫力,为发酵中草药饲料添加剂替代抗生素类药物在仔猪生产中应用提供参考。     

夏季发酵床饲养模式对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及猪舍环境的影响

 【目的】观察夏季发酵床饲养模式对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及猪舍环境的影响,为发酵床饲养模式在南方地区推广提供理论依据。【方法】选用（28±3）日龄、体重（8.4±0.2）kg的断奶仔猪母猪300头,按密度一致原则随机分为高床饲养组（traditional concrete-based house,TCBH）和发酵床饲养组（deep-litter house,DLH）,每个组5个重复,每个重复30头猪。试验期42 d,测定各组仔猪的生长性能及猪舍内温度和相对湿度。分别于试验第15、29和43天时,每个重复选取4头仔猪,采血分离血清,测定血清生化指标;分别测定第29—35和36—42天猪舍内氨气浓度。【结果】在1—14、1—28和1—42 d时,发酵床组平均日增重显著高于高床组（P＜0.05）,腹泻率显著低于高床组（P＜0.05）;发酵床组和高床组平均日采食量无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;在7:00时,发酵床猪舍内氨气浓度显著低于高床组（P＜0.05）;在整个试验期间,发酵床组与高床组猪舍内温度和相对湿度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;在第15和29天时,发酵床组猪血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于高床组（P＜0.05）,发酵床组和高床组猪血清谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;发酵床组猪血清甘油三酯和血糖含量在不同时间点均显著低于高床组（P＜0.05）。【结论】在本试验条件下,南方夏季高温高湿季节发酵床饲养模式能够降低断奶仔猪血清中谷丙转氨酶活性,降低血清中甘油三酯和血糖含量,对断奶仔猪生长性能和猪舍环境没有不利影响。     

Effects of Dietary Lysine on Growth Performance,Serum Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA Expression in Growing Rabbits

The effects of dietary lysine on production performance,serum concentrations of metabolites,growth hormone （GH）,insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA expression in growing rabbits were examined.One hundred weaned New Zealand rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly offered a diet containing 5.5 （L1）,6.5 （L2）,7.5 （L3）,8.5 （L4）,or 9.5 g （L5） lysine per kg diet.The results showed that the average daily gain （ADG） of the rabbits from L3,L4 or L5 was higher than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.The feed gain ratio （F/G） in the rabbits from L4 or L5 was lower than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.Dietary lysine did not affect serum concentrations of total protein （TP）,glucose,insulin （INS）,and growth hormone （GH） （P 〉 0.05）.The quadratic effects of lysine on the serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentration was detected （P = 0.035）.Serum IGF-I concentrations had a trend to increase quadratically with the increasing dietary lysine （P = 0.07）.A significant correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentrations （x,ng mL-1） and ADG （y,g kg-1）： y = -0.017x2 ＋ 1.984x ＋ 20.87 （R2 = 0.8982,P = 0.003）.The relative abundance of hepatic and muscular IGF-I mRNA tended to increase with increasing dietary lysine levels （P = 0.053 and 0.082,respectively）.Providing the diets mainly consisted of corn,wheat bran and peanut vine,the most appropriate dietary lysine level for growing meat rabbits from weaning to 70 d old was found to be 8.5 g kg-1,and IGF-I may be an important factor controlling growth of weaned rabbits.     

在日粮中添加谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

１４７头二元杂交仔猪进行饲养试验,探讨外生谷氨酰 和谷氨对２８日龄断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：添加１％的谷氨酰胺可提高断奶后第１周的平均日增重,但添加量与生产性能无正相关;添加１％的谷氨酸可提高断奶后第２周的平均日增重,降低仔猪腹泻频率并提高饲料效率。     

不同水平维生素D3对扬州鹅仔鹅钙磷代谢和免疫机能的影响

【目的】研究在基础日粮中添加不同水平维生素D3（VD3）对仔鹅钙磷代谢和免疫机能的影响。【方法】将300只健康、体重均匀的28日龄扬州鹅公鹅随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加500、1 000、2 000和4 000 IU•kg-1维生素D3的试验饲粮,饲养至10周龄。【结果】基础日粮中添加1 000 IU•kg-1的维生素D3显著提高了10周龄扬州鹅血清钙含量、胫骨钙含量、胫骨强度和血清免疫球蛋白IgG含量（P＜0.05）;添加2 000 IU•kg-1维生素D3显著提高了血清钙含量（P＜0.01）、胸腺指数和血清白细胞介素-4水平（P＜0.05）;但日粮维生素D3水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶活性影响不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】日粮中添加适宜水平的维生素D3（1 000—2 000 IU•kg-1）有利于提高扬州鹅仔鹅的钙代谢和免疫机能。