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《中国牛业科学》2017,(1)
【目的】评估荷斯坦验证种公牛对荷斯坦杂种牛泌乳性能的遗传改良效果,【方法】以荷黄低代杂种、荷黄高代杂种和纯种荷斯坦牛3种奶牛群体共计293头奶牛为研究材料,利用北美荷斯坦验证种公牛对不同奶牛群体进行杂交改良,根据系谱信息追踪各群体的后裔,参照DHI生产性能测定方法采集产奶量和乳成份数据,用最小二乘法分析群体、世代、投产年份、母本和母本年龄与泌乳性能的相关性。【结果】高代杂种与纯种间产奶量差异不显著(P0.05),高代杂种305d乳脂量,305d乳蛋白量和305d乳糖量显著高于纯种(P0.05);1世代泌乳性能显著高于0世代(P0.05);饲养管理水平和母本效应显著影响泌乳性能(P0.05)。【结论】高代杂种在现有生产体系下实现最佳的遗传环境匹配,适宜在北方农区生产体系中推广养殖。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(12):24-28
为评估种公牛对荷斯坦杂种牛繁殖性能的遗传改良效果,以荷黄低代杂种、荷黄高代杂种和纯种荷斯坦牛3种奶牛群体共计293头奶牛为研究材料,利用北美荷斯坦验证种公牛对不同奶牛群体进行杂交改良。根据系谱信息追踪各群体的后裔,统计整理空怀天数(DO)、产后第一次配种天数(DFB)和初产月龄(AFC),用最小二乘法分析群体、世代、配种年份、母本和胎次与繁殖性能的相关性。结果表明,高代杂种和低代杂种的DO显著低于纯种(P005);低代杂种DFB显著低于纯种(P005),高代杂种在数值上有低于纯种的趋势。1世代,高代杂种和低代杂种DFB显著低于纯种(P005);高代杂种AFC显著低于低代杂种(P005),高代杂种在数值上低于纯种。配种年份效应和母本效应显著影响繁殖性能(P005)。高代杂种在现有生产体系下实现最佳的遗传环境匹配,适宜在北方农区生产体系中推广养殖。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2021,(10)
为了选出优秀体型奶牛群体,提高全群产奶量,试验选取不同血统含量、不同世代、不同胎次的286头奶牛开展体型线性评分研究。结果显示:纯种荷斯坦牛体型总评分、乳房评分、体躯结构评分(P0.05)以及乳用特征评分高于或显著高于低代杂种,而低代杂种肢蹄评分、尻部评分高于纯种;2世代奶牛在肢蹄评分、体躯结构评分、乳用特征评分方面显著高于0世代(P0.05),0世代尻部评分显著高于2世代(P0.05);2胎次奶牛总评分、乳房评分、肢蹄评分以及体躯结构评分显著高于1胎次(P0.05),2胎次以后总评分呈下降趋势。提示:应加强纯种荷斯坦牛的肢蹄和尻部结构选育工作,从而减少肢蹄病和产科疾病的发生,使得奶牛群体高产健康长寿。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2018,(12)
为研究德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代的育肥及屠宰性能,实验选择5月龄、体重150~200kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定。结果表明:德系西门塔尔与西荷杂种牛的全期增重、胴体重、净肉重显著高于荷斯坦(P0.05);西荷杂种牛屠宰率、皮率显著高于荷斯坦(P0.05),而德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦则达到极显著水平(P0.01);德系西门塔与西荷杂种牛净肉率均极显著高于荷斯坦(P0.01);德系西门塔尔的肉骨比显著高于荷斯坦(P0.05);德系西门塔尔、西荷杂种牛与荷斯坦三者皮厚之间两两比较均差异显著(P0.05),且德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦差异极显著(P0.01);德系西门塔尔牛的眼肌面积显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05);除胴体产肉率、肉骨比和皮厚外,其余生长、胴体性状各指标杂种优势率均为正值;除肉的pH、系水力外,其余肉质性状杂种优势率为负值。由此可见,西荷杂种一代的生长性能、胴体性能较其母本品种荷斯坦牛有较大程度提高。 相似文献
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试验旨在比较分析德系西门塔尔牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代牛的肉用性能与育肥经济效益。选择5月龄左右、体重在150~200 kg之间的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西荷杂种一代公牛、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,分组育肥后称重、屠宰并测算。结果显示:德系西门塔尔牛、西荷杂种牛的全期增重、平均日增重、胴体重、净肉重均显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05);西荷杂种牛屠宰率显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05),而德系西门塔尔牛屠宰率与荷斯坦牛之间差异极显著(P0.01);在净肉率指标上,也表现为德系西门塔尔牛与西荷杂种牛极显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.01)。在同等条件下,不考虑人工、设备折旧、水电及市场等因素影响,德系西门塔尔牛与西荷杂种牛的收益要远高于荷斯坦牛。综上所述,德系西门塔尔牛、西荷杂种后代牛与荷斯坦牛相比,具有更优的肉用性能,且屠宰后的综合收益更高,德系西门塔尔牛改良中低产荷斯坦牛的杂交模式可以推广应用。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2017,(12)
为了解德系西荷杂交繁育体系的遗传改良效果,本研究对比分析了德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛杂交后代(F1代、F2代)与荷斯坦牛泌乳、生长发育、直肠温度和性情评分等性状。结果显示:西荷F1、F2代的乳蛋白率显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05),西荷F1代的乳脂率显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05),各组间产奶量和体细胞评分差异不显著(P0.05);西荷牛3月龄和18月龄体高略低于荷斯坦牛,3月龄、6月龄和18月龄西荷F1代胸围和体重均高于荷斯坦牛,西荷牛体况评分显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05);直肠温度及性情评分差异不显著(P0.05),但西荷牛夏季直肠温度略低于荷斯坦牛,且性情较荷斯坦牛温顺。综合分析,初步表明西荷杂种牛的综合性能略优于荷斯坦牛。 相似文献
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为探讨德系西门塔尔牛冻精改良荷斯坦奶牛的后代西荷杂公牛(西门塔尔×荷斯坦)育肥后的生长和屠宰性能、肉质性状的差异,为该品种改良荷斯坦奶牛杂交模式提供基础,本试验分别选取9头22月龄的西荷杂公牛和荷斯坦奶牛公牛,在相同日粮水平和相同饲养管理条件下饲养166 d后屠宰,分别测定2组公牛的生长性能、屠宰性能及肉质性状。结果表明:西荷杂公牛在空体重、胴体重、净肉重、肉骨比、屠宰率和净肉率上较荷斯坦牛有较大幅度提高,尤其是西荷杂交公牛的特级肉块、高档肉块、优质肉块和一般肉块重高于荷斯坦公牛(P<0.05),但2种牛的一般肉块总重占总肉重的比例差异不显著;在肉质性状方面西荷杂交公牛的背最长肌和股二头肌的蛋白质含量和肌纤维密度高于荷斯坦公牛(P<0.05),肌纤维剪切力低于荷斯坦公牛(P<0.05)。西荷杂交公牛在胴体性状方面杂交优势明显,在净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率上较荷斯坦牛有较大幅度提高,尤其是肌肉的蛋白质含量增加较为突出,此外,西荷杂交公牛背最长肌和股二头肌肉质较嫩。 相似文献
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旨在深入了解西荷杂交牛繁育体系的效果,本研究以某存栏4 393头泌乳牛的规模化牛场为研究对象,通过SAS9.2GLM和Mixed过程,应用固定模型和混合模型对法系西荷杂种牛、德系西荷杂种牛、自繁荷斯坦牛以及进口澳系荷斯坦牛4个群体的8个重要经济性状进行最小二乘分析和Bonferroni t多重比较。结果表明,在泌乳性能方面,法系西荷牛的日产奶量和校正奶量显著高于澳系荷斯坦牛(P0.05),且其乳脂率、乳蛋白率均为最高。各群体间体细胞评分和尿素氮含量差异不显著(P0.05);在繁殖性能方面,法系西荷青年牛首次配种日龄显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛和澳系荷斯坦牛(P0.05),且杂种牛产后恢复周期较短。澳系荷斯坦青年牛的配妊次数显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛(P0.05)。法系西荷成年母牛的空怀天数比自繁和澳系荷斯坦牛分别少了38.43和20.93d;在生长性状方面,除体深外,其余性状杂种牛均高于自繁荷斯坦牛,且法系西荷牛与自繁荷斯坦牛的胸围差异显著(P0.05);在热应激相关指标方面,杂种牛上午直肠温度低于荷斯坦牛,其中德系西荷牛与澳系荷斯坦牛差异显著(P0.05),但各品种的下午直肠温度差异不显著(P0.05);另外,杂种牛的体况评分均显著高于自繁荷斯坦牛(P0.05),但各品种之间性情评分与步态评分无显著差异(P0.05)。德系西荷牛的肋部皮褶厚度显著大于其他品种(P0.05)。综合分析,初步表明西荷杂种一代牛的综合性能优于纯种荷斯坦牛。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献