猪组织和血浆中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留分布规律的数学模型分析

采用高效液相色谱法检测猪肌肉、肾脏、肝脏和血浆中的磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazinum,SM2)残留量.通过对饲料中SM2添加量和组织、血浆中残留量回归关系不同数学模型的分析,确立残留分布规律的最佳数学模型.饲料中SM2的添加量在100～300μg/g的范围内,饲料添加量与猪组织(肌肉、肾脏、肝脏)、血浆中的残留数学模型分别为:y=0.241 6 e0.0061x,y=1.969 1 e0.0025x,y=3.049 5 e0.0019x,y=4.386 2 e0.0037x.通过对猪活体血浆样品的检测,根据建立的最佳残留数学模型,可算出饲料中SM2的添加量和肌肉、肾脏、肝脏中SM2的残留量,实现活体的监测.     

土霉素在猪组织和血浆中残留分布规律的不同数学模型比较

采用高效液相色谱法检测猪组织(肌肉、肝脏、肾脏)和血浆中的土霉素(OTC)残留量,通过对饲料中土霉素添加量和组织、血浆中土霉素残留量回归关系不同数学模型的分析,确立残留分布规律的最佳数学模型.饲料中土霉素的添加量在30～70 μg/g范围内,饲料添加量与猪组织(肌肉、肾脏、肝脏)、血浆的残留教学模型分别为:y=0.0096x-0.1727;y=0.165e0.0235x;y=0.4062e0.0115x;y=0.2428lnx-0.7284.通过对猪活体血浆样品的检测,根据建立的最佳残留数学模型,可算出饲料中土霉素的添加量和肌肉、肾脏、肝脏中土霉素的残留量.从而提供实现间接活体残留监测数学分析模型.     

猪组织和血浆中金霉素残留分布规律的数学模型分析

试验采用高效液相色谱法检测猪组织(肌肉、肝脏、肾脏)和血浆中的金霉素残留量,通过对饲料中金霉素添加量和组织、血浆中金霉素残留量回归关系不同数学模型的分析,确立残留分布的规律最佳数学模型。饲料中金霉素的添加量在50～150μg/g的范围内饲料添加量与猪组织(肌肉、肾脏、肝脏)、血浆的残留数学模型分别为:y=0.5535e0.0072x;y=1.666e0.0116x;y=4.4048ln(x)-14.669;y=1.4527e0.0092x。     

喹乙醇在动物血浆与组织间残留分布规律研究及相关性分析

试验采用高效液相色谱分析法,对饲喂含有不同浓度喹乙醇饲料(75mg/kg、100mg/kg、125mg/kg)的猪体组织(肝脏、肾脏、肌肉)和血浆中喹乙醇含量进行检测,分析喹乙醇在猪体内的残留分布,探讨喹乙醇在血浆中的含量与猪体内组织的残留含量的相关性。结果表明:饲料中喹乙醇添加量与组织和血浆中残留量均呈线性相关关系;同一浓度的喹乙醇添加量在猪组织和血浆中的残留量分布:肝脏>肾脏>肌肉>血浆;建立的血浆与组织间残留量的回归方程具有较高的可靠性。     

猪组织中4种药物残留规律研究

试验采用高效液相色谱法检测猪组织(肌肉、肝和肾)中的金霉素、土霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和喹乙醇残留量,通过对饲料中4种药物添加量和组织中残留量的分析,研究其残留规律.结果表明,在药物的添加范围内,猪组织中磺胺二甲嘧啶的残留规律为肝＞肾＞肌肉;金霉素的残留规律为肾＞肝＞肌肉;土霉素的残留规律为肝＞肾＞肌肉;喹乙醇的残留规律为肝＞肾＞肌肉.     

脱氢醋酸钠在猪组织中的残留研究

旨在研究脱氢醋酸钠作为饲料防霉剂应用后在猪组织中的残留消除。选用33只健康杜长大三元杂交猪,200 mg/kg脱氢醋酸钠拌料饲喂1个月。分别于停药1～21 d的不同时间取肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织, HPLC法测定脱氢醋酸钠含量。结果表明,脱氢醋酸钠在猪肾脏和肝脏组织中的残留水平较高,肌肉次之,脂肪中最少。休药1 d时,猪肾脏、肝脏、肌肉和脂肪中的平均残留量分别为1.12 mg/kg、1.06 mg/kg、0.59 mg/kg和0.21 mg/kg;脱氢乙酸钠在组织中的含量低于定量限0.2 mg/kg水平所需要的休药时间分别为:肌肉6 d、肝脏11 d、肾脏13 d、脂肪1 d后。脱氢乙酸钠在猪不同组织中的残留消除半衰期分别为:肌肉6.7 d、肝脏7.2 d、肾脏9.1 d、脂肪5.4 d。上述结果显示,脱氢乙酸钠在猪组织中的残留消除相对较快,组织残留量均低于1.2 mg/kg。     

血根碱在不同畜禽机体内残留量评定的研究

试验通过高效液相色谱-质谱联用法研究血根碱在鸡、鸭及猪肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的残留状况,为血根碱预混剂作为植物源饲料添加剂使用的安全性提供依据与参考。采用单因素试验设计,试验一和试验二分别选取40日龄三黄鸡和60日龄攸县麻鸭各30只,分为对照组(基础饲粮)、高剂量组(基础饲粮+80 mg/kg血根碱预混剂)、低剂量组(基础饲粮+40 mg/kg血根碱预混剂),饲喂30 d后屠宰,取其肝脏、肾脏和肌肉样品,测定其中血根碱残留量;试验三选取20头80 kg左右健康杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪20头,分为对照组(基础饲粮)和试验组(基础饲粮+80 mg/kg血根碱预混剂),试验期为30 d,试验结束当天屠宰取其肝脏、肾脏和肌肉样品,测定其中血根碱残留量。试验一结果表明,高剂量组和低剂量组鸡的肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中血根碱残留量均低于定量限5 ng/g,对照组无血根碱残留;试验二结果显示,高剂量组和低剂量组的鸭肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中血根碱残留量均低于定量限5 ng/g,对照组无血根碱残留;试验三结果表明,试验组猪肝脏、肾脏及肌肉中血根碱残留量均小于定量限5 ng/g,对照组无血根碱残留。在本试验的血根碱添加量和测定方法条件下,鸡、鸭和猪脏器和肌肉中血根碱的残留量均低于5 ng/g。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪牛组织中甲基盐霉素残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪牛组织中甲基盐霉素残留量。猪、牛组织中残留的甲基盐霉素,经乙腈溶液提取,硅胶固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。甲基盐霉素在5 ng/mL～250 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,甲基盐霉素在猪、牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中的检测限均为2.5μg/kg,定量限均为5.0μg/kg,猪牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中5.0 ng/g～100 ng/g添加浓度范围内的回收率均值为71.9%～88.4%,批内批间RSD值均<15%。     

生长肥育猪日粮铜添加水平与组织铜残留量动态关系初探

采用54头杂交猪(杜×大×约)研究大剂量日粮铜添加水平对组织铜含量的影响,建立日粮铜添加水平与组织铜残留量之间的动态模型,探讨保证猪肉及其副产品食用安全性的最适铜添加量。试验采用单因子设计,分别设0、100、200、300、400mg/kg的铜添加水平,试验从20kg开始,100kg结束。结果表明:添加100～400mg/kg的铜不同程度地增加了组织器官中铜的残留量,肝脏和肾脏中铜含量随饲粮添加水平的增加呈二次曲线变化规律。肝脏铜残留量(y,单位为mg/kg)与日粮铜添加水平(x,单位为mg/kg)之间的回归方程为:80kg体重时,y=5.4697-0.0814x+0.0009x2(R2=0.930,P=0.07);100kg体重时,y=11.3963-0.2920x+0.0022x2(R2=0.814,P=0.036)。肾脏铜残留量(y,单位为mg/kg)与日粮铜添加水平(x,单位为mg/kg)之间的回归方程为:y=8.7583-0.0043x+0.0002x2(R2=0.975,P=0.025)。在80kg屠宰时,为了保证肝脏中的铜含量不超过10mg/kg,饲粮铜添加水平不应高于129mg/kg。在100kg屠宰时,为了保证肝脏或肾脏中的铜含量不超过10mg/kg,饲粮铜添加水平不应高于128或90mg/kg。     

肉鸡体内新霉素药物残留消除规律的研究

用每公斤饲料含140 m g 新霉素碱的添加水平饲喂3 周龄肉鸡14d,用以表皮葡萄球菌( Staphylococcus epiderm idisATCC12228) 为测试菌的微生物学杯碟法对肉鸡体内新霉素残留的消除规律进行了研究,新霉素主要残留在肾脏,休药期0、1 和3d 的平均残留量分别为1.10、0.78 和0.58μg/g 组织。肌肉、肝脏和脂肪组织中未检测出新霉素残留。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.