Trichoderma species from China

Seventeen species of Trichoderma, isolated from soil or tree bark from Ch ina are identified based on morphological and physiological characters, and from their phylogenetic position inferred from parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequ ences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA cluster (ITS1 and 2) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (te f1) . There were T.citrinoviride, T.longibrachiatum, T.sinensis in section Long ibrachiatum, T.…     

Trichoderma species collected from Iran

In order to identify Trichoderma species isolated from Iran, Trichoderma selective media and malt extract agar (MEA) were used to isolate Trichoderma species from the soil samples. All the cultures were purified on 2% water agar by hyphal tip method prior to morphological examination.Morphological observations were carried out on the cultures grown on 2 % MEA and oat meal agar at 20℃ under ambient laboratory conditions.     

嘉兴地区秸秆降解菌的资源调查（Ⅰ）：部分霉菌的分类鉴定

[目的]对嘉兴地区秸秆降解菌部分霉菌分类鉴定.[方法]利用形态分类学方法和基于ITS序列的分子鉴定,对环境中原位分离的15种秸秆降解霉菌进行分类鉴定.[结果]1228属于哈茨木霉;1105、1012属于黑曲霉的不同菌株;1210、1234属于塔宾曲霉的不同菌株;1219属于赭曲霉;1021、1106、1110、1222、1229、1230、1232属于卷枝毛霉的不同菌株;1237属于米根霉;1109属于球毛壳菌.[结论]通过对秸秆降解菌的资源调查,为高性能秸秆降解菌的选育奠定基础.     

Cell wall degrading isoenzyme profiles of Trichoderma biocontrol strains show correlation with rDNA species

Species of the fungus Trichoderma, a genus of Hyphomycetes, are ubiquitous in the environment, but especially in soil. They have been used in a wide range of commercial applications including the production of hydrolases and in the biological control of plant diseases. A fundamental part of the Trichoderma antifungal system consists of a series of genes coding for a surprising variety of extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE). Characterisation and identification of strains at …     

保护地蔬菜土壤中木霉菌种群影响因素

采用传统的形态学特征和ITS、TEF序列比对鉴定出11个木霉种,其中长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum、深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride和哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum是蔬菜保护地土壤中的优势种群.同时研究表明种植年限、蔬菜种类、轮作制度、杀菌剂等均会影响木霉菌数量和分布,木霉菌的数量与种植年限、蔬菜种植结构密切相关,连作时,当种植年限超过10 a,木霉菌数量减少;轮作地比连作地木霉菌数量虽然下降,但在真菌中的比例却呈上升趋势;种植葱蒜类蔬菜的地块比种植番茄、黄瓜的地块木霉菌数量多.从蔬菜田中分离到的木霉菌对杀菌剂的抗性较强.土壤因素中以土壤有机质含量对木霉菌数量的影响最为重要,达到极显著水平,回归直线方程为y=0.13x-1.07.表明提高土壤中有机质含量及轮作是提高木霉菌生物种群多样性的主要因子.     

Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy

In the late 1980‘ s the development of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by Trichoderma spp.was noted in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the United Kingdom,North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. The parasitic fungi     

几个中国大麦属物种核rDNA ITS区序列分析

对8份来源于中国和7份国外的不同大麦属物种核rDNAITS区进行了序列分析,并采用邻接法构建了其系统发育树状图。结果表明,大麦属物种的ITS区序列长度为596～600bp,其中ITS1、5.8S和ITS2分别有43、4和54个变异位点。ITS区揭示的遗传分化距离变化范围为0～0.1121,平均值为0.0561。以雀麦属为外类群,采用邻接法进行系统发育关系分析发现,大麦属不同物种间聚类关系与其地理来源无关;各物种或亚种按照其亲缘关系与染色体组的划分进行聚类,其中具有H和I染色体组的物种各聚为一个分支。     

保护地土壤生防木霉菌种群多样性研究

采用传统的形态学特征和分子方法(ITS、TEF序列和UP-PCR)研究了蔬菜保护地土壤中木霉菌种群多样性及其影响因素.结果表明:提交genbank 11个木霉种的序列,分别为长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)、拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii)、黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)、深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、非钩木霉(Trichoderma inhamatum)、微孢木霉(Trichoderma minutisporum)、长孢木霉(Trichoderma longipile)和粘绿木霉(Trichoderma virens);木霉菌24个菌株经UP-PCR扩增,引物AS4、AS19、L45扩增出一条500 bp大小的木霉菌种的特征性谱带,其他谱带则为多态性谱带,多态性达93.5％;营养条件、杀菌剂及土壤因素对不同种木霉菌的影响不同,得到2株适应性较强的木霉菌株,有望成为生防菌株.     

利用ITS序列探讨锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)植物系统关系(英文)

[目的]利用ITS序列探讨锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)植物系统关系。[方法]以锦鸡儿属11个系29种为代表材料,选择性扩增nrITS序列并双向测序,结合黄耆亚族Astralinae(Adens)Benth其他6属7个代表种的nrITS序列进行最大简约性(MP)和最小进化(ME)的系统发育分析。[结果]锦鸡儿植物ITS序列长度在611-614bp之间,与外类群排序后长度为655bp,共有170个可变位点,其中107个简约信息位点,简约信息位点在总排序序列中达16.3%,可以为属内及属间系统关系提供有力的分子证据;锦鸡儿属在系统发育上不是一个单系类群,与丽豆属(Calophaca Fish.exDC.)植物具有极为相近的亲缘关系;Sect.tragacanthoides的种在MP和ME进化树中位置分散,其组的分类有待进一步研究。卷叶锦鸡儿(C.ordosica,新种)虽然形态上与垫状锦鸡儿(C.tibetica)相似,但它与荒漠锦鸡儿(C.roborovskyi)遗传学关系紧密;C.davazamcii是一个独立的种。[结论]ITS序列在锦鸡儿属内及属间的系统学研究中具有重要的参考价值。     

基于rDNA PCR-RFLP分析的侧耳属分子系统学研究

对侧耳属18个种52个菌株以及双孢蘑菇、香菇和亚侧耳各1个菌株的28SrDNA5’端、ITS和IGS1进行PCR扩增,扩增4个属的28SrDNA5’端均得到一长度为1．46kb的片段,侧耳属ITS扩增片段长680bp,亚侧耳700bp,双孢蘑菇和香菇720bp,侧耳属IGSl扩增片段长度发生变异,红平菇和桃红侧耳为1．1kb,其他侧耳为1．0kb,亚侧耳700bp,双孢蘑菇和香菇1．3kb。对扩增片段分别用7种限制性内切酶酶切后进行聚类分析,结果表明双孢蘑菇、香菇和亚侧耳可与侧耳分开,18种侧耳分为五大类：具核侧耳,红平菇和桃红侧耳,鲍鱼菇和囊盖侧耳,金顶侧耳,其他侧耳聚为一类,鲍鱼菇和囊盖侧耳,红平菇和桃红侧耳都只代表1个种。     

从ITS序列探讨锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)植物系统关系

以锦鸡儿属11个系29种为代表材料,选择性扩增nrITS序列并双向测序,结合黄耆亚族Astralinae (Adens) Benth其他6属7个代表种的nrITS序列进行最大简约性(MP)和最小进化(ME)的系统发育分析。结果显示:锦鸡儿植物ITS序列长度在611~614 bp之间,与外类群排序后长度为655 bp,共有170个可变位点,其中107个简约信息位点,简约信息位点在总排序序列中达16.3%,可以为属内及属间系统关系提供有力的分子证据;锦鸡儿属在系统发育上不是一个单系类群,与丽豆属(Calophaca Fish. ex DC.)植物具有极为相近的亲缘关系;Sect.tragacanthoides的种在MP和ME进化树中位置分散,其组的分类有待进一步研究。卷叶锦鸡儿(C. ordosica,新种)虽然形态上与垫状锦鸡儿(C. tibetica)相似,但它与荒漠锦鸡儿(C. roborovskyi)遗传学关系紧密;C. davazamcii是一个独立的种。     

西瓜炭疽菌核糖体基因ITS区段的克隆及序列分析

采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区域(ITS)通用引物,PCR扩增4个来自不同地方的西瓜炭疽病菌核糖体基因的ITS1和ITS2,并对PCR产物进行了克隆和序列分析.结果表明:西瓜炭疽病菌的ITS全长481 bp,其中ITS1长163 bp,5.8 S长153 bp,ITS2长165 bp,各碱基A、T、G、C的个数分别为110、106、118、147,GC含量为55.1%.用Mega3软件对此4个序列以及GeneBank中登录的炭疽属其他24个种的ITS1和ITS2聚类分析,结果显示:Colletotrichum 属可以分为13个聚类组,各聚类组间存在着一定的遗传多样性,其中Colletotrichum orbiculare、Colletotrichum lindemuthiana在ITS1、ITS2上都聚为一组,这就为用ITS作为靶序列来设计特异性引物将Colletotrichum orbiculare、Colletotrichum lindemuthiana与其他种分开提供了分子依据.     

四川棉区土壤木霉种群分布和生物活性

本文报告了棉田土壤木霉的种类、生物活性及其垂直分布。从川西棉田土壤中分离到哈茨木霉、拟康氏木霉、康氏木霉、绿色木霉、长枝木霉、黄绿木霉以及桔绿木霉共7个种群。上述7个种群中以哈茨木霉、拟康氏木霉和长枝木霉为优势种群。分别占木霉群体的30％、20％和18％。哈茨木霉主要分布在0-10CM深的土壤上表层;拟康氏木霉和长枝木霉在10-20CM深的较下层土壤。在0-20CM土壤耕作层内。木霉群体密度在不同深度土层并无明显差别。     

Phylogenetic Relationships of Sorghum and Related Species Inferred from Sequence Analysis of the nrDNA ITS Region

Analysis of phylogenetic and evolution in six species of Sorghum was based on internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences in nuclear ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the length of the ITS regions among the six species ranged from 588 to 589 bp and the contents of G＋C in ITS （ITS1 ＋5.8S＋ITS2） regions ranged from 60.27 to 61.05%; the length of ITS1 ranged from 207 to 208 bp and the contents of G ＋ C in the ITS 1 regions ranged from 53.91 to 61.54%. The length of the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 regions in the six species was 164 and 217 bp respectively, and the contents of G ＋ C ranged from 56.10 to 58.54% in the 5.8S rDNA region and 66.36 to 67,28% in the ITS2 region. Among regions of ITS, ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S, the best sequence for genetic relationship analysis in the six species was the ITS region. On the basis of the Jaccard coefficient and phylogentic tree, S. sp. was more related to S, propinguum than to other species. This was consistent with the fact that S. sp. is derived from S. propinguum. From the phylogenetic tree based on ITS1, S. halepense, silk sorghum and S. sudanense, are identical in the ITS 1 sequence, whereas the phylogenetic tree based one shows that S. sudanense has a closer genetic association with S. almum rather than with S. halepense and silk sorghum.     

Population dynamics of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of tobacco and four species form China

To study the effect of tobacco growth on Trichoderma population, we in vestigated the occurrence of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of tob acco plant during the period from transplanting (June) to harvesting (October) and measured relative environmental factors. Eleven species of Trichoderma we re isolated, among which T.harzianum, T.viride, T.hamatum, T.atroviride, T.lo ngibrachiatum, T.virens, T.koningii were identified, other four species Ty1, Ty2, Ty3, Ty4 are new s…     

A molecular genetic classification of zooxanthellae and the evolution of animal-algal symbioses

Zooxanthellae are unicellular algae that occur as endosymbionts in many hundreds of marine invertebrate species. Because zooxanthellae have traditionally been difficult to classify, little is known about the natural history of these symbioses. Zooxanthellae were isolated from 131 individuals in 22 host taxa and characterized by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in nuclear genes that encode small ribosomal subunit RNA (ssRNA). Six algal RFLPs, distributed host species specifically, were detected. Individual hosts contained one algal RFLP. Zooxanthella phylogenetic relationships were estimated from 22 algal ssRNA sequences-one from each host species. Closely related algae were found in dissimilar hosts, suggesting that animal and algal lineages have maintained a flexible evolutionary relation with each other.     

Increased resistance of drought by Trichoderma harzianum fungal treatment correlates with increased secondary metabolites and proline content

Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. harzianum. In addition, T. harzianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. harzianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species(ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system.     

哈茨木霉发酵条件的初步研究

[目的]了解哈茨木霉30371在自然情况下的培养条件。[方法]将哈茨木霉30371的孢子悬液在液体培养基中摇床振荡培养,研究培养温度、pH值、无机离子、各种碳源和氮源等条件对其生长的影响。[结果]麦麸培养基中哈茨木霉30371的菌丝干重最高,其次是玉米粉培养基、PDA培养基,豆饼粉培养基最低。哈茨木霉30371在22~34℃下均能生长,22℃为其最适生长温度;在pH值4.0~8.5均能生长,最适pH值是5.5。各因素对哈茨木霉30371生长的影响由大到小依次为:(NH4)2SO4>KH2PO4>MgSO4.7H2O>麦麸、豆饼粉。[结论]哈茨木霉最适的发酵条件为:在麦麸培养基中培养,培养温度22℃,自然pH值,2.00%麦麸,1.00%豆饼粉,1.00%(NH4)2SO4,0.25%MgSO4.7H2O,0.50%KH2PO4。     

几种钝绥螨ITS基因片段的序列分析

 【目的】通过分析比较钝绥螨ITS基因片段,探讨其作为分子手段应用于种类鉴定,同时应用此分子标记来分析钝绥螨的亲缘关系,为研究其系统发育和完善分类系统提供参考。【方法】对采自江西桔园的尼氏真绥螨、江原钝绥螨、津川钝绥螨和东方钝绥螨进行总DNA提取,PCR扩增,测序,并从GenBank中下载5种钝绥螨的ITS序列,应用软件分析ITS片段长度、A+T%含量、变异位点和进化关系。【结果】得到总长度为644—655 bp的ITS序列片段,序列中A+T碱基比例较高,为58.2%。整个ITS基因片段存在204个碱基变异位点（ITS1：172;ITS2：22;5.8S：10）和32个碱基插入/缺失。真绥螨属的尼氏真绥螨和卵圆真绥螨的分类地位较近,遗传距离为0.013;而小新绥螨属的4个种与钝绥螨属的3个种在构建系统发育树时未能明显地分为2支,其中胡瓜新小绥螨和东方钝绥螨的遗传距离最近,为0.083。【结论】ITS序列片段分析结果支持尼氏真绥螨和卵圆真绥螨现在的分类地位,而小新绥螨属与钝绥螨属似乎未达到属间差异,其分类地位有待进一步确定。     

抑制物对草菇生长的影响

为了解决草菇低产问题,参考同是草腐菌的双孢蘑菇文献,对造成草菇低产因素之一的抑制物采用液体培养,并逐步排除。有目的地将培养料分为A、B、C 3组,经过一个栽培周期后,将3组培养料制备成提取液,并将提取液分为T1、T2、T3、T4处理,分别接草菇菌种,观察生长情况和记录生物质量。结果显示:各组以20 g/L的T1、T2、T3处理均不抑制草菇的生长,各组不处理的提取液(T4)均抑制草菇生长,其中BT4和CT4有未知物生长,各组的生物量均以T3处理的最高;将不同质量浓度梯度的(100、250、500 g/L)CT1处理提取液加到液体培养基中,均不抑制草菇的生长,生物量随着质量浓度的增大而增大;将1 000 g/L CT1和CT2处理加到液体培养基中,均不抑制草菇的生长,生物量以CT1处理的最高;进一步对BT4和CT4的未知物进行分子检测,得到肉座菌属和烟曲霉。说明界定在本栽培环境中影响草菇生长或产量的抑制物为肉座菌属和烟曲霉。