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动物性食品安全与兽药和添加剂的使用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
动物性食品(animal-derived foods)又称动物源性食品(foods of animal origin)是指由动物生产的肉、蛋、奶等可食性组织及其加工的产品,由于动物性食品安全不仅和人们的生活、身体健康有着非常密切的关系,而且可能关系到人类的未来(如转基因动物食品的安全问题),所以越来越引起人们的关注。动物性食品的安全问题牵涉面很广,安全的动物性食品必须具备哪些条件(或标准),在目前条件下,笔者认为把动物性食品安全限定在“无疫病、无残留、无污染、无后遗作用”四个方面还是比较恰当的。 相似文献
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孙振文 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2015,(4):11
<正>现如今食品安全问题成了全球关注的焦点,受到了人们的高度重视。兽药残留、环境污染物以及食物加工和存储污染一起影响了动物性食品的安全。兽药残留给人类以及动物造成极大的危害,为了提高动物性食品的安全,一定要采取一定的措施提高对兽药残留的控制,一定要加强对动物残留的管理。1解决兽药残留问题的紧迫性兽药残留指的是动物性食品中具有的首要母体代谢物和化合物以及和兽药相关的杂质的残留。在动物的生产过程 相似文献
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动物性食品兽药残留现状及对策 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
随着全球经济一体化和食品贸易国际化,食品安全已成为一个世界性的挑战和全球重要的公共卫生问题。动物性食品安全已成为全世界关注的焦点,其中兽药残留问题是影响动物性食品安全的最主要因素之一。兽药残留给人们的生命安全带来隐患。本文就我国动物性食品中兽药残留问题加以分析,希望能为解决此问题提供参考。1动物性食品兽药残留现状习惯上将用于预防和治疗畜禽疾病的药物称为兽药。兽药残留是指给动物使用药物后积蓄或贮存在动物细胞、组织或器官内的药物原形、代谢产物和药物杂质。世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会1987年第32次会… 相似文献
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姜发亭 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(12):7-8
兽药残留,是指动物使用兽用药物后造成动物机体以及动物产品蓄积和贮存在细胞、组织和器官内的药物原形、代谢产物和药物杂质.兽药残留主要包括兽药在生态环境和动物性食品中的残留.动物性食品是指肉(包括肝、肾等内脏)、蛋和乳及其制品的总称.随着经济的发展,动物性食品占人们食物总量的比例也越来越高,其卫生安全状况也备受社会各界的关注. 相似文献
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为了预防和治疗家畜和养殖鱼患病而大量投入抗生素、磺胺类等化学药物往往造成药物残留于食品动物组织中。伴随而来的是对公众健康和环境的潜在危害,随着膳食结构的不断改善和对动物性蛋白质需求的不断增加,人们对肉制品、奶制品和鱼制品等动物性食品的质 相似文献
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农业部发布动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量 总被引:46,自引:2,他引:44
为加强兽药残留监控工作 ,保证动物性食品卫生安全 ,根据《兽药管理条例》规定 ,农业部组织修订了《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》 ,于 2 0 0 2年 1 2月 2 4日以 2 35号公告发布 ,请各地遵照执行。自公告发布之日起 ,原发布的《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》(农牧发 [1 999]1 7号文 )同时废止。动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量注释动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量由附录 1、附录 2、附录 3和附录 4组成。1、凡农业部批准使用的兽药 ,按质量标准、产品使用说明书规定用于食品动物 ,不需要制定最高残留限量的 ,见… 相似文献
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动物性食品中兽药和饲料添加剂残留及其对人体的危害 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
阐述了在动物生产中应用兽药和饲料添加剂而导致在动物性食品中残留,使人体健康受到的危害。兽药中主要阐述了抗生素、磺胺类药物、呋喃类药物、抗寄生虫药物等;饲料添加剂中主要阐述了性激素、动物生长素和β-兴奋剂等。旨在提示人们认识其危害的严重性,提高动物性食品安全的意识。 相似文献
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饲料添加剂和兽药使用对动物性食品安全生产有着非常重要的影响,不仅危害动物食品的安全性,对人身体造成危害,而且影响动物性食品行业的发展.因此,本文针对饲料添加剂和兽药与动物性食品安全问题展开论述. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献