接种不同菌液的发酵液体饲料对断奶仔猪养分消化率和腹泻的影响

本试验研究接种不同菌液的发酵液体饲料（FLF）对断奶仔猪腹泻和养分利用率的影响。选择72头平均体重为（10.14±0.32）kg的杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,随机分成6个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复3头仔猪。6个处理断奶仔猪分别采食全价配合饲料（对照）、液体饲料（全价配合饲料加水）、玉米乳杆菌FLF、EM菌FLF、混合乳酸菌FLF和嗜酸乳杆菌FLF。预试期为7d,试验期为28d。试验结果显示：①接种玉米乳杆菌和混合乳酸菌的FLF较接种其它菌液的FLF对断奶仔猪腹泻指数和腹泻率的降低作用更为明显（P〈0.05）,EM菌FLF、嗜酸乳杆菌FLF和液体饲料对仔猪腹泻率和腹泻指数没有显著影响;②接种玉米乳杆菌FLF可显著提高断奶仔猪对饲料中总磷和粗灰分的表观消化率,对饲料中粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率也有提高的趋势,但差异不显著;混合乳酸菌FLF组总磷的表观消化率较对照组显著提高,钙和粗灰分的表观消化率有提高的趋势,但效果不显著。接种EM菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液体饲料未能改善断奶仔猪对钙、总磷、粗蛋白质和粗灰分的表观消化率（P〉0.05）。结果表明,接种乳酸菌可以改善断奶仔猪腹泻和提高营养成分表观消化率,且这些菌液中接种玉米乳杆菌的效果最为显著。     

瘤胃内容物发酵对豆粕蛋白质品质及菌群组成的影响

本试验采用体外发酵技术,选用瘤胃内容物(瘤胃液)作为混合菌源对豆粕进行固态发酵处理,瘤胃液接种量为5%,料水比为1∶1,39℃,厌氧发酵72 h。对发酵前后豆粕营养特性进行分析,并对发酵前后豆粕微生物指标和pH值进行测定。结果表明,豆粕经瘤胃液发酵后,氨基酸的含量比发酵前提高了3%,大分子量的蛋白质得到降解,小分子多肽明显增加。此外,发酵豆粕的pH值显著下降(P<0.05),菌群结构上菌落总数极显著增加,霉菌和大肠杆菌菌群显著降低,而有益的乳酸菌极显著上升(P<0.05)。本试验证实了瘤胃内容物可作为豆粕发酵处理的有效菌源,为开辟新的饲料资源提供参考。     

饲料发酵前后营养物质变化分析

该文通过探讨添加乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对全价配合饲料发酵效果的影响,为发酵全价配合饲料的科学应用提供依据。对照组,基础日粮;试验组,基础日粮添加乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,固态发酵。研究结果表明:全价料发酵72 h后,饲料pH和干物质显著降低(P0.01),还原糖含量显著增加(P0.01)。全价配合饲料经乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵72 h,饲料pH比发酵前降低了41.1%,干物质降低6.2%,还原糖提高4.03倍;增加有机酸含量,改善饲料适口性,提高饲料营养价值。     

发酵液体饲料在断奶仔猪和生长育肥猪的应用

<正>发酵液体饲料(FLF)作为一种新型饲料在欧洲已广泛使用,并成为当前研究的新热点(李军,2001)。FLF较传统干料和液体饲料在应用上有很多优势:①可以使用食品发酵工业副产物,大大降低饲料成本;②通过有益菌的发酵可提高动物对饲料的消化利用率,改善动物     

大量使用非常规饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响

试验组A饲料中添加非常规饲料、试验组B在饲料中添加中药添加剂,试验组C在饲料中添加苜蓿草。测定试验各组胴体品质、猪肉风味和品质等各项指标。试验结果表明:平均末重、日增重上差异极显著(P<0.01)。A、B、C3组在中猪期的料肉比和在大猪期的料肉比以及全期的料肉比差异均极显著(P<0.01)。     

复合乳酸菌对杂交构树和饲料桑青贮发酵品质的影响

本研究中针对杂交构树和饲料桑含可发酵物质较少,自然青贮品质较差这个问题,通过在青贮杂交构树和饲料桑中接种不同活菌数量的复合乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌:布氏乳杆菌=1:1)的方法来改善杂交构树和饲料桑的青贮发酵品质,根据测量接种后青贮杂交构树、饲料桑的感官(色泽、气味和质地)、发酵品质和营养成分的变化,证明复合乳酸菌接种量为1×...     

和美酵素对肉用仔鸡生产性能及金霉素组织残留的影响

选用432只1日龄商品艾维菌健康肉用仔鸡，分别饲喂4种不同组成的日粮，即高能日粮添加金霉素50mg／kg(HE CTC)组，低能日粮(LE)组，低能日粮添加和美酵素500mg／kg(LE HC)组，低能日粮添加和美酵素500mg／kg、金霉素50mg／kg(LE HC CTC)组，比较饲喂不同日粮鸡的生产性能。结果表明，前期(0—21d)添加和美酵素组和金霉素组鸡的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均无显著差异，但与LE组相比均有显著差异(P＜0．05)，HE CTC组鸡生长略快，但与LE HC组和LE HC CTC组相比无显著差异(P＞0．05)。后期(21d后)各组间ADG、ADFI、增重耗料比(F／G)差异不如前期显著。从全期饲喂效果看，添加和美酵素或金霉素对肉用仔鸡ADG无显著差异，但HE CTC组和LE HC CTC组的ADG显著高于LE组(P＜0．05)；在同等低能条件下，添加和美酵素可提高饲料转化率。LE HC组的鸡群体重均匀度比HE CTC组有明显提高。HE CTC组肉用鸡肝、肾均有金霉素残留，以肝中残留量最多；而添加和美酵素组金霉素组织残留明显降低，肾中未捡出。     

发酵液体饲料的乙酸浓度对仔猪生长性能的影响

虽然已经证实,给猪(FLF)饲喂发酵液体饲料(FLF)有利于其肠胃健康。但是,饲喂FLF的仔猪和生长猪生长性能数据不一,并且常常观察到采食量比饲喂非FLF或干饲料的猪低。由于影响适口性,微生物代谢产物即乙酸蓄积与饲料pH值低相结合可能是采食量低的决定因素。但是,这一假说一直没有得到验证。为     

乳酸菌发酵液体饲料对生长猪生长性能和粪中微生物区系的影响

<正>发酵液体饲料(Fermented liquid feed,FLF)作为一种新型饲料,最早使用是在20世纪80年代末的荷兰,当时的发酵液体饲料实际上就是湿拌料(陈文斌,2004)。随着现代饲料工业技术的发展,发酵液体饲料正朝着可人工控制发酵过程的方向发展(王金全,2009)。     

和美酵素对肉用仔鸡生产性能免疫及肉用品质的影响

选用400只14日龄商品艾维茵健康肉用仔鸡,分别饲喂4种不同组成的日粮,即饲料中按照0.05%比例添加和美酵素组;饲料中按照预防量添加抗生素(金霉素)组;饲料中按0.5%添加动物油脂和抗生素(金霉素)组;饲料中不使用任何药物(对照组)。结果表明,添加和美酵素组、使用抗生素组及添加油脂组料重比无显著差异,但3组与对照组均有显著差异(P<0.05)。HE+CTC组鸡生长略快,但与LE+HC组和LE+HC+CTC组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。后期(21d后)各组间ADG、ADFI、增重耗料比(F/G)差异不如前期显著。从全期饲喂效果看,添加和美酵素或金霉素对肉用仔鸡ADG无显著差异,但HE+CTC组和LE+HC+CTC组的ADG显著高于LE组(P<0.05);在同等低能条件下,添加和美酵素可提高饲料转化率。LE+HC组的鸡群体重均匀度比HE+CTC组有明显提高。HE+CTC组肉用鸡肝、肾均有金霉素残留,以肝中残留量最多;而添加和美酵素组金霉素组织残留明显降低,肾中未检出。     

Screening of two probiotic products for use in fermented liquid feed

In this trial two commercial probiotic products (Bactocell® and Adjulact® Pro) were investigated in vitro for their use as microbial inoculum for the production of fermented liquid feed (FLF) for pigs. Bactocell® was applied at a dose of 9 and 10 log₁₀ CFU/kg and Adjulact® Pro at a level of 9 log₁₀ CFU/kg. The FLF (control and treatments) was prepared with a water to feed ratio of 4:1 and run in batch for 72 h at 30 °C. The microbial population was followed with plate countings and the lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol concentration was determined at different time points in the FLF. After 24 h, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the control and the Adjulact® Pro FLF for pH (4.7 vs 4.3), lactic acid (57.9 vs 91.5 mmol/L), acetic acid (23.1 vs 6.8 mmol/L), ethanol (24.5 vs 1.1 mmol/L), coliforms (7.2 vs 4.3 log₁₀ CFU/mL) and E. coli (6.2 vs 4.4 log₁₀ CFU/mL). Bactocell® addition did not alter the fermentation characteristics compared to the control FLF. After 72 h no significant differences between treatments were noted, except for the yeast count which was higher in the FLF inoculated with Adjulact® Pro.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌对全株玉米青贮品质及瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验旨在研究鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG)对全株玉米青贮品质及瘤胃降解率的影响。采用单因素试验设计,设置对照组(CON)和LGG处理组(添加105 CFU/g鲜重LGG),于0、24、36、48 d取样,测定其常规营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:与CON组相比,LGG组干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)含量在48 d下降,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在36 d后显著降低,淀粉含量在36 d显著升高;不同天数的pH均显著下降;36 d和48 d乳酸含量显著升高,乙酸和丙酸在24 d时显著升高;氨态氮在整个发酵过程中变化不显著;LGG组DM慢速降解速率常数c和有效降解率(ED)均显著高于CON组;LGG组CP快速降解参数a、慢速降解速率常数c和ED显著升高,LGG组NDF慢速降解参数b和ED显著升高(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,鼠李糖乳杆菌能显著改善全株玉米青贮发酵品质,提高DM、CP和NDF在瘤胃内的ED。     

乳酸菌固态混合发酵研究

以玉米粉、豆粕、麦麸为基质,以保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌为发酵菌种,采用固态发酵技术,以活菌数为指标,通过单因素和L9(34)正交试验确定了三种菌混合发酵的最佳条件,并对其发酵产物的常规营养成分进行分析测定。结果表明:固态基质中玉米粉:豆粕:麦麸=1:1:1、培养基初始含水量80%p、H值6.3、接种量为10%、三种菌接种比例为1:1:1、发酵温度40℃时的发酵效果最好。在此条件下,保加利亚乳杆菌数为3.0×109 CFU/g,嗜酸乳杆菌数为4.6×109 CFU/g,嗜热链球菌数为5.8×109 CFU/g,发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸态氮含量分别是发酵前的1.16、1.12和6.94倍。为开发一种新型生物饲料打下基础。     

饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响。选取平均体重为(55±2)kg的杜×长×大三元杂猪240头,随机分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头试猪,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕型),2个试验组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加0.3%乳酸菌干粉和0.3%乳酸菌菌液,这2种制剂中乳酸菌含量均为1.2×10~9 CFU/g。试验期57 d,在饲养试验结束时,每个重复选择2头(1公1母)接近平均体重的试猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性状、肉品质和风味物质含量。结果表明:饲粮中添加乳酸菌干粉和乳酸菌菌液均对肥育猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量及耗料增重比无显著影响(P0.05),对肥育猪胴体直长、斜长、背膘厚、皮厚及眼肌面积也无显著影响(P0.05),对肌肉的肉色、大理石纹、pH、滴水损失率及剪切力无显著改善(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加乳酸菌菌液显著降低背最长肌中次黄嘌呤含量(P0.05),但2个试验组肌苷酸、谷氨酸和肌内脂肪均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉质无显著影响,但可降低肌肉中次黄嘌呤含量,有利于改善猪肉的风味。     

Effect of total mixed ration silage containing agricultural by-products with the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in ewes

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) on the quality of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing agricultural by-products, its digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance in ewes. TMR was prepared from rice straw, corn stover silage, brewer grain, tofu waste, steam-flaked corn, and a mineral mixture. The treatments consisted of silage additives added to TMR: CON (no silage additive), FJLB, COM (commercial additive), and MIX (FJLB + COM). Four cannulated ewes were assigned to the 4 × 4 Latin square design. The MIX treatment produced a lower (P < 0.01) pH than did the CON and FJLB treatments and a higher (P < 0.01) lactic acid concentration than did the other treatments. The fiber content in the COM treatment was lower (P < 0.05) than that in the other treatments. The FJLB treatment had similar fermentation quality and chemical composition to those of the CON and COM treatments in all parameters observed. Although the silage quality index (Fleig point) was higher in the MIX and COM treatments than in the CON treatment, all silages had good quality. No silage additives affected intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, or nitrogen balance. In conclusion, the TMR silage prepared from agricultural by-products mixed with wet-type food by-products with or without FJLB added resulted in well-preserved fermentation, and this product might be used as a ruminant feed.

     

微生物接种剂和酶制剂对玉米秸组成成分和瘤胃有效降解率的影响

通过玉米秸发酵试验及半体内法 ,评价了复合产乳酸菌 (植物乳杆菌 保加利亚乳杆菌 粪尿链球菌 嗜酸乳杆菌 )、酶制剂 (纤维素酶 淀粉酶 糖化酶 )、液体发酵剂 (益生菌 )单独或联合应用对玉米秸组成成分及瘤胃有效降解率的影响。结果表明 ,从整个发酵期来看 ,高剂量固体发酵剂组 (每吨秸杆添加复合产乳酸菌 2 0 g 纤维素酶 10 0 g 淀粉酶 30 0 g 糖化酶 30 0 g)、高剂量液体发酵剂组 (每吨秸杆添加益生菌 5 0 0 m L )、中性洗涤纤维 (NDF)含量略低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;高剂量的固体发酵剂和液体发酵剂明显提高了玉米秸快速降解的干物质 (DM) (P <0 .0 5 )、NDF成分 (P <0 .0 1) ,显著降低了慢降解的 DM、NDF成分 (P <0 .0 1) ;从有效降解率来看 ,高剂量液体发酵剂组的DM有效降解率明显高于对照组及纤维素酶组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,NDF有效降解率则比其他各组均有明显提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

Fermented and nonfermented liquid feed to growing pigs: effect on aspects of gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance

The effect of feeding dry feed (DF), nonfermented liquid feed (NFLF), and fermented liquid feed (FLF) to growing pigs on aspects of gastrointestinal ecology and on performance was investigated. Nonfermented liquid feed was prepared by mixing feed and water at a ratio of 1:2.5 immediately before feeding. Fermented liquid feed was prepared by mixing feed and water in the same ratio as NFLF, and stored in a tank at 20 degrees C for 4 d, after which half the volume was removed twice daily at each feeding and replaced with the same volume of feed and water mixture. A total of 60 pigs (initial BW of 30.7 kg) from 20 litters was used. Twenty pigs, housed individually, were allotted to each of the diets and fed restrictively. Five pigs from each diet were sacrificed at an average BW of 112 kg and digesta from the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) was obtained to examine variables describing some aspects of the gastrointestinal ecology. Fermented liquid feed contained high levels of lactic acid bacteria (9.4 log cfu/g) and lactic acid (approximately 169 mmol/kg), low levels of enterobacteria (<3.2 log cfu/g), and had a low pH (4.4). Nonfermented liquid feed contained 7.2 log cfu/g of lactic acid bacteria, and 6.2 log cfu/g of enterobacteria, which indicated that fermentation had started in the feed. The pigs fed FLF had the lowest levels of enterobacteria along the GI-tract (<3.2 to 5.0 log cfu/g), and those fed NFLF the highest levels (5.7 to 6.6 log cfu/g; P < or = 0.02). Fermented liquid feed caused a decrease in gastric pH from 4.4 and 4.6 for DF and NLF, to 4.0 (P = 0.003), and increased numerically the gastric concentration of lactic acid (P = 0.17) from 50 to 60 mmol/kg in the DF and NFLF treatments to 113 mmol/kg in the FLF treatment. The animals fed NFLF showed the highest weight gain (995 g/d) and feed intake (2.14 kg/d), and those fed FLF the lowest values (weight gain, 931 g/d; feed intake, 1.96 kg/d; P = 0.003 for weight gain, and P < 0.001 for feed intake). The results from the present study indicate that feeding FLF as prepared here may be a valid feeding strategy to decrease the levels of enterobacteria in the GI-tract of growing pigs, whereas feeding liquid feed that has started to ferment (high levels of enterobacteria and high pH as with NFLF) increases the presence of these undesirable bacteria. Nonetheless, higher daily feed intake and body weight gain are obtained when feeding NFLF compared with feeding FLF or DF.     

Fibre degrading enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum influence liquid feed characteristics and the solubility of fibre components and dry matter in vitro

The effect of fibre degrading enzymes in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum on feed viscosity and pH and on solubilisation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was studied in vitro using diets composed of cereals and soybean meal. The diet was incubated over time up to 24 h as liquid feed or liquid feed added L. plantarum and in addition both feeds were treated without or with fibre degrading enzymes.

Spontaneous fermentation developed in the liquid feed without L. plantarum and became noticeable after a period of 6 to 8 h, when pH began to drop. From 8 to 24 h there was a slow but steady reduction in pH down to a level of about pH 4.3. This development was irrespective of enzyme supplementation level. The L. plantarum treatment had already reached a pH of 4.2 after 8 h and a pH of 3.6 after 24 h.

The viscosity was reduced with supplementation with a high enzyme dose (6000 FXU and 600 FBG per kg diet), compared to the control diet (without enzymes). Treatment with L. plantarum (1.8 × 1011 CFU/kg feed) increased the viscosity over time, even with enzyme supplementation, compared to the control treatment.

Diets without and with enzyme supplementation and pre-treated as dry feed (control), liquid feed (incubated for 8 h) or liquid feed fermented with L. plantarum (incubated for 24 h), were subjected to an in vitro digestion procedure. Both pre-treatment as liquid feed and enzyme supplementation lead to a reduction in dry matter and in the insoluble NSP fraction during digestion in comparison with the control based on the original dry feed.

It may be concluded that enzyme supplementation to liquid or fermented feed may cause a reduction in the insoluble dietary fibre content as well as a reduction in feed viscosity, while the pH is not influenced.     

不同添加剂对重庆地区杂交狼尾草高水分青贮品质的影响

为评价甲酸、乙酸、植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌对“桂牧1号”杂交狼尾草高水分青贮发酵品质和青贮化学成分的影响，试验设6个处理组，分别为对照组、甲酸添加组、乙酸添加组、植物乳杆菌添加组、布氏乳杆菌添加组、植物乳杆菌组+布氏乳杆菌混合添加组。青贮60 d后开袋取样，分析青贮饲料发酵品质和化学成分。结果表明：杂交狼尾草高水分青贮中添加有机酸和乳杆菌均不能提高其营养成分。杂交狼尾草青贮料pH、乳酸、乙酸含量各处理间差异极显著（P < 0.01），丙酸（PA）及丁酸（BA）含量各处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。有机酸添加组青贮料pH和丁酸含量均较高，青贮料品质降低，而添加乳杆菌能够有效改善青贮品质，其中，添加布氏乳杆菌能有效提高青贮料中乙酸和丙酸含量，防止青贮料霉变。 [关键词] 杂交狼尾草|添加剂|青贮     

白菜尾菜与稻草秸秆混合青贮饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究不同处理的白菜尾菜与稻草秸秆混合青贮饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。试验底物为4种不同处理的青贮饲料,青贮45 d:对照组(秸秆:尾菜为10:0;无添加剂),1组、2组、3组的秸秆∶尾菜均为4:6,但添加剂分别为植物乳杆菌0.030 g/kg和纤维素酶0.200 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.040 g/kg和纤维素酶0.300 g/kg,进行体外瘤胃发酵36 h,测定pH、氨氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度等发酵参数。结果表明:培养期间,各组的pH在6.77～6.94、氨氮浓度在20.09～44.39 mg/100mL;在12 h、36 h时,2组的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于对照组和1组;在36 h时,2组和3组的原虫密度显著高于对照组,且酸性洗涤纤维降解率也较高。综上,2组和3组都能在一定程度上改善瘤胃发酵性能,其中,以第2组采用秸秆:尾菜为4:6、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg的组合处理青贮饲料较为适宜。