复合有机微量元素对矮小型父母代种鸡产蛋性能和种蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加复合有机微量元素对矮小型父母代种鸡产蛋性能和种蛋蛋品质的影响。1 200只生产性能接近的60周龄"农大3号"父母代种鸡随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组6个重复,每个重复100只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%复合有机微量元素。试验期4周。结果显示,饲料中添加复合有机微量元素能提高矮小型父母代种鸡的产蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位,降低种蛋重(P0.05);对破蛋率、裂纹蛋率和蛋壳强度无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,矮小型父母代种鸡饲料中添加0.05%复合有机微量元素能显著提高种鸡产蛋率和蛋品质。     

丝兰属植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平的丝兰提取物对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,试验选取280日龄"农大3号"蛋鸡180只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只,丝兰提取物的添加水平分别为0、60、120、180 mg/kg。结果显示:日粮中添加丝兰提取物可提高蛋鸡产蛋率,降低料蛋比、平均蛋重、平均耗料量,对蛋鸡的蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、哈氏单、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄比率均无显著影响(P0.05),对蛋壳颜色的影响没有规律性,随着丝兰属植物提取物添加剂量的增加,蛋黄颜色轻微降低,蛋黄重有降低的趋势。提示日粮中添加60~120mg/kg丝兰属植物提取物为蛋鸡适宜添加量。     

紫苏籽提取物对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加不同水平的紫苏籽提取物对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响。试验选取169日龄海兰父母代蛋种鸡1 440只,随机分成4个组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,试验期为16周,预试期1周。试验组Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加紫苏籽提取物150、250、350 mg/kg。结果表明,在日粮中添加紫苏籽提取物,能提高蛋种鸡产蛋率、种蛋合格率、种蛋受精率和孵化率(P0.05),提高单枚蛋重和饲料转化率(P0.05),经济效益显著提高。综合分析,日粮添加250 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物效果较好。     

复合微生态制剂对蛋种鸡生产性能、蛋品质及营养吸收的影响

选择45周龄的两栋共6000只海兰褐父母代,其中一栋设为试验组,另一栋设为对照组,每栋随机分为3个重复,每个重复1000只鸡.试验组在基础日粮中添加1.5 g/kg复合微生态制剂,添加时间为23 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮.结果表明:日粮中添加1.5 g/kg复合微生态制荆可显著提高蛋种鸡的产蛋率(P＜0.05),平均蛋重(P＜0.05),受精率和受精蛋孵化率(P＜0.01),极显著降低料蛋比,破蛋率和淘汰率(P＜0.01);可显著提高日粮粗蛋白、钙和磷的表观营养物质吸收率(P＜0.05),从而提高蛋白哈氏单位和蛋壳相对重(P＜0.05).     

丁酸梭菌复合菌剂对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌复合菌剂对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、蛋品质的影响。选用48周龄京白1号蛋鸡900只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400 mg/kg丁酸梭菌复合菌剂。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:试验组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的料蛋比和死淘率与对照组相比均降低(P<0.05);对照组和试验组的合格蛋率无显著差异;200、400 mg/kg丁酸梭菌复合菌组的哈氏单位、蛋壳比例、蛋白比例、蛋黄比例、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数均无显著差异;试验组的卵磷脂、维生素A、维生素B2、钙、镁含量高于对照组(P<0.01)。由此可见,添加不同水平的丁酸梭菌菌剂均可提高京白1号蛋鸡产蛋率,其中200 mg/kg的添加量效果最好。     

有益微生物对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响

将50周龄的"罗曼褐"父母代蛋种鸡540只,随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),每组270只鸡,设6个重复,每个重复45只鸡。试验组与对照组日粮及饲养管理相同。预试期间试验组与对照组饲喂基础日粮,组间产蛋性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验期,试验组基础日粮中添加有益微生物惠康Ⅰ号,对照组不添加,试验周期为42d。试验期间测定各组别每重复蛋种鸡的产蛋性能和繁殖性能指标。结果表明,添加有益微生物惠康Ⅰ号的试验组只鸡日产蛋量、产蛋率、破蛋率、种蛋受精率、孵化率、每只入舍母鸡提供健雏数等生产性能指标均比对照组提高,采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、种蛋合格率、健雏率比对照组低,但组间各项生产性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

万寿菊提取物对苏禽青壳蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响

本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同水平万寿菊提取物对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响。试验选用28周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的苏禽青壳蛋鸡160只,随机分成4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲粮不含万寿菊提取物,试验组饲粮分别含有0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的万寿菊提取物(有效成分叶黄素的含量分别为12.5、25.0和50.0 mg/kg),试验期42 d。结果表明:各试验组产蛋性能与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验期第14天,0.10%和0.20%万寿菊提取物组的哈氏单位显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组蛋黄颜色显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验期第28天,0.10%和0.20%万寿菊提取物组的哈氏单位显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.20%万寿菊提取物组的蛋黄颜色显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);试验期第42天,0.20%万寿菊提取物组的哈氏单位显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.20%万寿菊提取物组的蛋黄颜色显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。各试验组蛋黄胆固醇含量与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中万寿菊提取物添加水平为0.20%时,能显著提高鸡蛋哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色,对产蛋性能和蛋黄胆固醇含量无不良影响。     

复合维生素与蛋白水平对夏季种母鸡生产性能的影响

热应激会影响蛋鸡生产性能,该试验对比了4个日粮配方对热应激的缓解作用。结果表明:各试验组间鸡的采食量、平均蛋重和产蛋率差异不显著(P>0.05),以第2组(低蛋白 复合维生素)采食量最高,蛋重也最高(58.32g/枚);第3组产蛋率(高蛋白,无复合维生素)最高为85.04%;高蛋白试验组的种蛋受精率显著高于低蛋白水平日粮试验组(P<0.05)。添加667mg/kg复合维生素组的种蛋受精率显著高于不添加复合维生素的试验组(P<0.05)。     

紫苏籽提取物对蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、激素水平及繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加紫苏籽提取物对罗曼粉蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、激素水平、繁殖性能的影响。试验选用1 080只49周龄健康罗曼粉父母代蛋种鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理分5个重复,每个重复54只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加紫苏籽提取物100、200、300 mg/kg,试验期为40 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,在日粮中添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋种鸡产蛋率和日均产蛋量(P0.01);与对照组相比,添加100、200、300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物均能极显著提高蛋种鸡血清中孕酮(第20天)和雌二醇(第20、40天)的含量(P0.01),添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能极显著降低蛋鸡血清中睾酮含量(P0.01);与对照组相比,添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能显著提高蛋种鸡种蛋合格率、种蛋受精率和孵化率,降低死淘率(P0.05)。由此可知,在蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期日粮中添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物效果较好,能够提高蛋种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能。     

有益微生物对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响研究

试验选用50周龄的"罗曼褐"父母代蛋种鸡540只,随机分为2组,每组270只鸡,设6个重复,每个重复45只鸡.试验组与对照组日粮及饲养管理相同.试验期内,试验组日粮中添加有益微生物惠康1号,试验周期为42d.结果表明:添加有益微生物惠康1号的试验组鸡只日产蛋量、产蛋率、破蛋率、种蛋受精率、孵化率、每只入舍母鸡提供健雏教等生产性能指标均比对照组提高;采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、种蛋合格率、健雏率分别比对照组偏低,但组间各项生产性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05).     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.