滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃及其杂交F1代的形态分析

根据传统形态度量学和框架结构形态学法测量了15月龄的杂交F1代(滇池金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus grahami♀×西畴金线鲃S.xichouensis♂)以及滇池金线鲃(S.grahami)和西畴金线鲃(S.xichouensis)的10项传统可量性状数据和24项框架结构数据以及鳍条、侧线鳞和脊椎骨等可数性状数据。并用方差分析和多元统计分析法(聚类分析,判别分析和主成分分析)对三者的传统可量性状和框架结构数据进行分析。结果显示:三者的可数性状差别不大,杂交F1代体表花纹与双亲相比发生一定变化。聚类分析结果表明,杂交F1代的形态与母本滇池金线鲃形态较为相似。采用逐步判别分析方法建立了3种鱼的判别函数,判别准确率较高(90%,90%,100%)。主成分分析结果及主成分散点图显示:三者均有重叠区域不容易从形态上清楚分开,但杂交F1代明显更接近母本滇池金线鲃。结合方差分析和主成份分析发现杂交F1代与双亲不同的性状主要集中在头部和尾部。     

滇池金线鲃对椭圆背角无齿蚌寄生效果的研究

滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）为云南滇池特有鱼类,选用滇池金线鲃作为椭圆背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana elliptica）的寄生鱼,并对第1次和第2次寄生效果进行分析。结果表明,钩介幼虫主要寄生在鳍条（背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍和尾鳍）以及鳃丝上,也有少量个体寄生在颌须、鼻瓣膜、...     

滇池金线鲃“鲃优1号”

正一、品种概况(一)培育背景滇池金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Regan,1904),又名小洞鱼,属鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae)鲃亚科(Barbinae)金线鲃属(Sinocyclocheilus),营半洞穴生活,是滇池流域的特有种,分布于滇池及其流域所在河流、溶洞、暗     

滇池金线鲃对椭圆背角无齿蚌寄生效果的研究

滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)为云南滇池特有鱼类,选用滇池金线鲃作为椭圆背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana elliptica)的寄生鱼,并对第1次和第2次寄生效果进行分析。结果表明,钩介幼虫主要寄生在鳍条(背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍和尾鳍)以及鳃丝上,也有少量个体寄生在颌须、鼻瓣膜、鳃盖及体侧。每1尾滇池金线鲃的鳃内大约可寄生140个钩介幼虫。在整个鱼体上的平均寄生量为194个/尾,单位体长的寄生数量为28.6个/cm。二次寄生时,在寄生部位上没有变化,但在寄生数量上,除鳃丝上的寄生数量没有减少外,其它部位上的寄生数量均有显著的减少。本研究选用土著鱼类作为贝类的寄生性鱼类,为研究土著鱼类在贝类繁殖过程中所起到的作用及珍稀物种的保育提供了科学依据。     

冷休克法诱导乌蒙山金线鲃三倍体及其生长分析

为了研究冷休克法诱导乌蒙山金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus wumengshanensis)三倍体的方法,试验分析了不同参数的诱导效果及三倍体生长特征。结果显示：冷休克2～3℃、受精后5 min开始诱导、诱导25 min可获得受精率64.55%、孵化率60.61%、畸形率26.54%,三倍体率100%。诱导组平均孵化时间为4 d 14 h～6 d 19 h,低于对照组7 d 2 h。诱导组初孵仔鱼畸形率为17.19%～71.25%。受精后3 min与5 min开始诱导、持续诱导30 min,仔鱼死亡率最大分别为24.70%与39.38%。3～60日龄三倍体与二倍体的体重、体长均无显著性差异,180日龄三倍体的体长与体重分别为(74.00±1.58) mm、(4.46±0.30) g,分别是二倍体的1.09倍与1.27倍,体重显著大于二倍体。     

滇池金线鲃全人工繁殖研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH—A2 )、马来酸地欧酮(DOM)组成的混合催产剂对滇池金线鲃催产获得成功,用人绒毛膜促性腺激素、鲤鱼脑垂体和人绒毛膜促性腺激素组合的催产失败。采取两次注射催产效果明显,第一次用LRH-A2 2μg /Kg催熟,第二次用LRH-A2 8μg /Kg + DOM 3mg/Kg ＋HCG1000IU/Kg催产,效果较好;采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高。     

不同眼型金线鲃洞穴鱼类趋触行为的对比研究

研究金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus）的游动特征——趋触性（贴近边界前行）,为人工养殖、繁育和物种保护提供理论支持。试验用金线鲃均为成鱼,8种51尾,其中盲眼种2种、小眼种和正常眼种各3种。试验在安静、黑暗的环境进行,刺激条件分别为无干扰、静止障碍物和振动吸引,使用软件追踪分析试验鱼位置(距离和方向)、时间以及相对于试验缸壁的游动速度,运用线性模型分析金线鲃趋触行为差异的关键因素。结果表明：趋触前行时间占比盲眼种为73.06%、小眼种为72.65%、正常眼种为54.62%;趋触距离盲眼种（197±18）SBL、小眼种（158±14）SBL、正常眼种（139±15） SBL;趋触游动速度盲眼种（0.53±0.19）cm/（s·SBL）、正常眼种（0.37±0.18）cm/（s·SBL）、小眼种（0.46±0.22）cm/（s·SBL）。金线鲃趋触前行的行为与游泳特性如游泳速度和时间高度相关,趋触行为可能作为一种自我保护作用和觅食策略,甚至作为一种防御策略。实践中可以依据金线鲃眼部形态和行为上的趋触性偏好分类培育饲养,同时增加缓沉型鱼食以及增添静止设施。     

滇池金线鲃全人工繁殖研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)+促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A2)+马来酸地欧酮(DOM)组成的混合催产剂对滇池金线鲃催产获得成功,单独用人绒毛膜促性腺激素或鲤鱼脑垂体(PG)+人绒毛膜促性腺激素的混合催产剂均催产失败。采取2次注射催产效果明显,第1次用2μg/kgLRH-A2催熟,第2次用8μg/kgLRH-A2+3mg/kgDOM+1000IU/kgHCG催产,能获得88.5%的催产率。催产成功后,采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高。     

尖头金线鲤人工繁殖初步研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A2)、马来酸地欧酮(DOM)组合对尖头金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus)催产获得成功,用鲤脑垂体5 mg/kg和人绒毛膜促性腺激素1 000 IU/kg组合催产失败.采取2次注射(第1次注射LRH-A2 2μg/kg,第2次注射LRH-A2 8μg/kg+DOM 3 mg/ks+HCG1 000 IU/kg)催产效果明显;采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高.     

倒刺鲃属3种鱼类种间杂交的初步研究

采用人工催产和干法授精技术,进行了以中华倒刺鲃、倒刺鲃为母本与其父本及黑脊倒刺鲃雄鱼的种间杂交实验,获得4个杂交组合和2个自交组合,在(27±0.5)℃温度条件下,对其F1卵膜径、受精率、孵化率、孵化时间、畸形率、子代早期形态特征与成活率进行了比较,同时,观察了胚胎发育及其异常现象,结果表明:以中华倒刺鲃为母本的F1卵膜径差异不显著;以倒刺鲃为母本的F1卵膜径,在多细胞期时差异不显著,在耳石期时,倒刺鲃♀×中华倒刺鲃♂F1卵膜径显著大于母本(P<0.05)。杂种F1的受精率、孵化时间与母本差异不显著,畸形率显著高于母本(P<0.05)。中华倒刺鲃杂种F1的孵化率较高,与母本差异不显著(P<0.05)。倒刺鲃♀×中华倒刺鲃♂F1的孵化率与母本之间差异不显著,倒刺鲃♀×黑脊倒刺鲃♂F1的孵化率显著低于母本(P<0.05)。中华倒刺鲃杂种F1仔鱼早期发育阶段存在死亡高峰期,成活率显著低于母本(P<0.05)。中华倒刺鲃种间杂交和倒刺鲃♀×黑脊倒刺鲃♂杂种F1既具有父本特征,同时又具有母本特征,初步证明倒刺鲃属种间杂交是可行的。     

Activity of the antimicrobial polypeptide piscidin 2 against fish ectoparasites

Abstract The antiparasitic effects of piscidin 2, an antimicrobial polypeptide (AMPP) first isolated from mast cells of hybrid striped bass, were tested against three protistan ectoparasites of marine fish (the ciliates Cryptocaryon irritans and Trichodina sp., and the dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum) and one ciliate ectoparasite of freshwater fish (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis). I. multifiliis was the most susceptible parasite, with all theronts killed at 6.3 microg mL(-1) piscidin 2. The most resistant parasite was Trichodina, where a few cells were killed at 12.5 microg mL(-1), but several were still alive even at 100 microg mL(-1). C. irritans was of intermediate sensitivity, with some theronts killed at 12.5 microg mL(-1) and all killed at 25 microg mL(-1). High parasite density apparently exhausted the piscidin 2 before it could attain its maximal effect, but surviving parasites were often visibly damaged. The lower efficacy of piscidin 2 against marine parasites compared with the freshwater ciliate might be related to the inhibitory effects of high sea water cation levels. The tissue concentration of piscidins estimated in healthy hybrid striped bass gill (40 microg mL(-1)) suggests that piscidin 2 is lethal to the parasites tested at physiological concentrations and is thus an important component of innate defence in fish expressing this type of AMPP.     

鳡鱼(♂)和赤眼鳟(♀)杂交F1胚胎发育研究

以鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)为父本,赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)为母本进行属间人工远缘杂交,对杂交F1胚胎发育情况进行了观察和记录,描述了各发育阶段的形态特征.鳡鱼(♂)和赤眼鳟(♀)杂交F1受精卵的平均受精率为(72.13±13.42)％,平均孵化率为(27.40±3...     

昆明裂腹鱼人工繁殖技术研究

于2003年8月起进行野生昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)亲鱼培育研究,并2009年5月3日—9日进行了人工繁殖技术和鱼苗培育实验。结果显示:野生昆明裂腹鱼在人工驯化养殖条件下,能在池塘内正常生长发育。亲鱼初次性成熟年龄为4龄,雌鱼以5～6龄最佳。采用二次胸鳍基部注射,催产孵化水温为14～17℃,效应时间平均为46h,平均孵化时间为176 h,鱼苗经60 d培育(平均水温14～18℃)体长可达5.05 cm。     

大黄鱼选育子一代生长性能分析

采用群体选育的方法,测量大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea选育子一代群体的生长性状,比较分析大黄鱼体长和体质量。结果显示:大黄鱼体质量的变异系数高于体长;选育子一代(EG)群体绝对增重率[(0.02±0.002)~(0.67±0.198)g/d]、绝对增长率[(0.04±0.007)~(0.08±0.007)cm/d]、增积量[(0.0006±0.0002)~(0.318±0.1089)]和肥满度[(1.2±0.18)~(1.96±0.23)]等生长性能均优于对照(CG)群体;EG群体的体质量最大特定生长率为9.08%/d,EG群体的体长最大特定生长率为2.15%/d。     

Virulence of Flavobacterium branchiophilum in experimentally infected salmonids

Abstract. The ability of selected strains of Flavobacterium branchiophilum to attach to and colonize the gills of five species of teleosts (four salmonid and one cyprinid) and cause mortality was investigated. In virulence studies with F. branchiophilum strain LAB4a, cumulative mortality was dose-dependent in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and ranged from 0 to 75%. However, regardless of dose, the relative amount of gill-associated F. branchiophilum antigen increased 1 h after challenge. The gill-associated F. branchiophilum antigen in fish which survived (moribund fish) increased by four to six times compared to that detected on the gills 1 h after challenge. The gill-associated antigen on moribund fish was not significantly different from that on the gills of dead fish. Flavobacterium branchiophilum strain LAB4a also attached to the gills of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell), rainbow trout, chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and common shiners, Luxilus cornutus (Mitchell), following a 1-h bath exposure, and caused mortality in all species. The virulence of eight strains of F. branchiophilum for rainbow trout was examined. Both virulent and avirulent strains adhered to the gills following bath exposure (fimbriae were observed on all strains), but only virulent strains had the capacity to further colonize the gills and cause mortality.     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。     

4种遗传型罗非鱼的耐盐慢性驯化表现

在实验室小水体中,对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,新吉富)、萨罗罗非鱼(Sarothrodon melanotheron)以及它们的杂交F1和F2("吉丽"罗非鱼)进行盐度梯度实验,观察其耐盐能力。采用4(遗传型)×4(水平或重复)随机区组设计。对照组全程维持淡水养殖;实验组起始盐度为0,盐度每天提高8直至实验鱼100%死亡。在水温保持(27.2±1.3)℃、正常投饵情况下,萨罗罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1及F2的50%死亡盐度平均值(MLS)分别为125.78±1.66、54.22±2.51、77.33±1.89和73.73±1.32;萨罗罗非鱼的累计存活率(CS)和MLS值均显著高于尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1和F2(P<0.05);杂交F1和F2的CS值及MLS值均显著高于尼罗(P<0.05);F2和F1之间CS值和MLS值差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢及其杂交子一代间的遗传关系

应用RAPD技术研究云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢及其杂交子一代(F1)间的遗传关系。筛选得到25个随机引物均在亲本和杂交子一代间呈现多态,遗传相似性指数和遗传距离的计算结果显示,正交F1(云斑尖塘鳢♂×线纹尖塘鳢♀)与母本平均遗传相似系数(0.7090)高于与父本平均遗传相似系数(0.5948);反交F1(云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂)与母本平均遗传相似系数(0.6301)也高于与父本平均遗传相似系数(0.6089)。说明正反交子代在遗传关系上均偏向各自的母本,对扩增带和聚类图的分析均得到这一结果,表明F1所接受的双亲遗传物质并非完全对等的,所获得的遗传信息可能更多来自母本。     

Candidatus Actinochlamydia pangasiae sp. nov. (Chlamydiales,Actinochlamydiaceae), a bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Chlamydial infections are recognised as causative agent of epitheliocystis, reported from over 90 fish species. In the present study, the farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (14–15 cm, 70–90 g) with a history of cumulative mortality of about 23% during June and July 2015, were brought to the laboratory. The histopathological examination of gills from the affected fish revealed presence of granular basophilic intracellular inclusions, mostly at the base of the interlamellar region and in gill filaments. A concurrent infection with Trichodina spp., Ichthyobodo spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. was observed in the gills. The presence of chlamydial DNA in the gills of affected fish was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. BLAST‐n analysis of these amplicons revealed maximum similarity (96%) with Candidatus Actinochlamydia clariae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it was inferred that the epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish were novel and belonged to the taxon Ca. Actinochlamydia. It is proposed that epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish will be named as Ca. Actinochlamydia pangasiae. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons from novel chlamydiae were labelled and linked to inclusions by in situ hybridisation. This is the first report of epitheliocystis from India in a new fish host P. hypophthalmus.     

黄颡鱼(♀)、长吻[鱼危](♂)及其杂交F1代遗传多样性分析

利用SSR分子标记技术和从20对微卫星引物中筛选出的12对多态性较高的引物,分析1龄、体质量(14.20±1.20)g黄颡鱼(♀)和长吻[鱼危](♂)及其杂交F1代[黄颡鱼(♀)×野生长吻[鱼危](♂)]的遗传多样性。试验结果显示,这3个群体之间的平均等位基因数分别为4.583、3.667、5.000;平均有效等位基因数分别为2.382、2.221和2.535;平均观测杂合度分别为0.419、0.367和0.604;平均期望杂合度分别为0.477、0.383和0.597;多态信息含量分别为0.420、0.365和0.509。杂交F1代与父本长吻[鱼危]的遗传距离为0.8551,小于与母本黄颡鱼的遗传距离(1.7271),在亲缘关系树状图上先与父本聚为一支。杂交F1代从父本中获得较多的遗传物质,较双亲有丰富的遗传多样性和更高的基因杂合度。该试验结果将为研究黄颡鱼和长吻[鱼危]杂交后代的遗传多样性,探索鲿科鱼类属间杂交育种后亲本与子代的亲缘关系和遗传规律提供理论依据。