龙船花切花瓶插保鲜液配方研究

通过测定龙船花瓶插寿命、鲜重、花瓣质膜透性和花瓣蛋白质含量,研究不同浓度配比的蔗糖、硫酸铝、漂白粉和抗坏血酸的保鲜液对龙船花切花瓶插寿命的影响。结果表明:75 mg/L硫酸铝+3%蔗糖+100 mg/L漂白粉+100 mg/L抗坏血酸为较理想的龙船花瓶插保鲜液,切花瓶插寿命比处理1延长5 d,其鲜重变化和蛋白质变化均比较缓慢,相对电导率上升也比较慢。     

1-MCP复合瓶插液对洋桔梗切花保鲜效果的研究

以洋桔梗[Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners]切花为试验材料,用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、蔗糖、柠檬酸(CA)、水杨酸(SA)和氯化钙(CaCl2)按五因素四水平的正交设计配制复合瓶插液,通过测定瓶插寿命、鲜重变化率、水分平衡值、相对电导率和POD活性,研究不同复合瓶插液的保鲜效果.结果表明:600 mg/L 1-MCP +400 mg/L CA+3％蔗糖+20 mg/L SA+100 mg/L CaCl2和800 mg/L1-MCP +100 mg/L CA+3％蔗糖+40 mg/L SA+200 mg/L CaCl2保鲜液处理,分别比对照明显延长瓶插寿命8.83和8.41 d,使切花鲜重、水分平衡值、相对电导率和POD活性变化比较缓慢,适于洋桔梗切花瓶插保鲜.     

成品保鲜剂对芍药切花保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究不同成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药瓶插保鲜效果的影响。[方法]选取进口芍药‘珊瑚魅力’为试材,选择2种成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药进行处理,调查瓶插期间切花芍药的瓶插寿命、花朵直径和花朵开放进程等指标。[结果]保鲜剂组合(可利鲜∶花之寿=1∶1)处理的效果最好,瓶插期比对照CK增加3 d。保鲜剂可利鲜对芍药切花花径的增大有促进作用,而花之寿对切花花径增大的作用不明显。[结论]为花店或切花生产供应商延长芍药切花瓶插寿命提供参考。     

苯甲酸与赤霉素对中国水仙切花保鲜效果的影响

本研究以中国水仙‘金盏银台’切花为材料,在基础瓶插液（1%蔗糖）中分别添加不同浓度苯甲酸与赤霉素,通过观测切花的瓶插寿命筛选适宜的保鲜剂配方;同时测定了这一过程中切花的鲜重变化,丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、游离脯氨酸（proline, PRO）和可溶性蛋白质的含量,超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活性,分析保鲜剂发挥作用的生理生化基础。结果表明,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L苯甲酸的复合瓶插液可延长中国水仙切花瓶插寿命1.6 d;瓶插期间MDA含量呈上升趋势;瓶插过程中SOD和CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组。1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素可延长切花瓶插寿命2.5 d;瓶插过程中SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组;但PRO含量在第15天较对照下降了40%。综合来看,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素对中国水仙切花的保鲜效果最好。     

大王龙船花切花保鲜剂研究初探

研究不同浓度的蔗糖、8-HQS、硫代硫酸钠、漂白粉及柠檬酸所配成的保鲜液对大王龙船花的切花保鲜效果的影响。通过对大王龙船花切花在瓶插期间的鲜重变化、开花率和败花率及瓶插寿命的观测，结果表明：8-HQS200mg／l＋2％蔗糖＋200mg／1柠檬酸的开花率高，衰败程度较低，花色较有光泽且观赏价值较高，并有效地延长瓶插寿命，是效果最佳的瓶插保鲜液。     

不同保鲜液对黄花美冠兰切花生理及瓶插寿命的影响

通过不同浓度的蔗糖(SUC)、硫代硫酸银(STS)和八羟基喹啉柠檬酸(8-HQC)组合对黄花美冠兰3个采切期(第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ采切期)花枝的处理,研究了黄花美冠兰切花瓶插过程中的生理变化及瓶插寿命长短。结果表明:试验中以配方为10g/L SUC+100mg/L 8-HQC+3mmol/L STS的保鲜液应用于第Ⅱ采切期的黄花美冠兰切花的效果最佳,期望瓶插寿命达6.4d。3个采切期的黄花美冠兰切花在衰老过程中,EC值均呈上升趋势,其中第Ⅱ采切期EC值上升较缓慢;可溶性蛋白含量在第Ⅰ采切期和第Ⅱ采切期先升高后降低,在第Ⅲ采切期呈整体下降趋势。     

两个鹤蕉切花品种的贮藏保鲜技术

在室内空气相对湿度为80%～85%、温度为18～28℃的条件下,研究'巧舞女'(Choconian Dancer)和'阳光'(Strawberries and Cream)2个鹤蕉(Heliconia psittacorum Linn.)品种的切花贮藏保鲜技术.结果表明:鹤蕉‘巧舞女'预处理以花枝在浓度为1 mmoI/L的STS中浸泡10min的效果最佳,贮藏寿命较对照的延长了6.5 d;瓶插处理以处理组合3 g,L蔗糖+400 mCL 8-HQ(8-Hydroxyquinoline)+2 mg/L 6-BA的保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命较对照的延长了7 d.鹤蕉‘阳光'预处理以1 mmol/L SiX3浸泡8 min的贮藏效果最佳,贮藏寿命比对照的延长了4.5 d;瓶插处理以处理组合2g/L,蔗糖+200mg/L 8-HQ+2mg/L 6-BA的保鲜效果最好,瓶插寿命较对照的延长了5 d.说明鹤蕉品种间的贮藏和瓶插寿命存在一定的差异.     

海藻糖对月季切花的抗衰保鲜作用研究

[目的]研究海藻糖对月季鲜切花的抗衰保鲜作用、【方法】以不同浓度的海藻糖溶液作为瓶插液,比较形态指标、鲜重、相对外渗率的变化。[结果]海藻糖对月季切花具有一定的延缓失水作用,瓶插第7天时,5％海藻糖组的月季切花鲜重下降28.3％,低于蒸馏水对照组的50．0％和3％蔗糖组的47．7％;蒸馏水对照组第7天的相对外渗率比第1天上升79．8％,3％蔗糖组上升176．0％,而5％海藻糖组仅上升了10．9％;5％的海藻糖组的观赏日期比蒸馏水延长了1倍。【结论】5％的海藻糖作为月季切花瓶插液的作用最好,海藻糖对月季切花的抗衰保鲜作用是通过稳定细胞质膜来实现的。     

抗坏血酸对非洲菊鲜切花瓶插保鲜的作用

该试验对抗坏血酸(以下简称VC)在非洲菊切花的保鲜效应进行研究。探讨非洲菊在不同浓度VC瓶插液中的保鲜效果。以期得出在瓶插液环境中合适的VC浓度。研究结果表明:与对照CK相比,处理1,处理2,处理3,处理4都能有不同程度地增加鲜重和延长瓶插寿命。并在弯茎现象上和对照相比都有一定程度的加强。其中处理4的效果最好。     

两种热带切花衰老过程中呼吸代谢的调控

以蝴蝶兰(phalaenopsisamabilis)与florijn非洲菊(gerberajamesonii)切花花瓣为材料,研究比较2种切花衰老过程中呼吸的差异,以及外源乙烯、活性氧、水分胁迫对2种切花呼吸的效应,寻找缓解2种切花衰老的技术措施,并讨论其相应的机理。实验结果表明,蝴蝶兰呼吸速率低于非洲菊,且蝴蝶兰以糖酵解途径(EMP)、抗氰氧化酶(AP)为主,而非洲菊以磷酸戊糖途径(HMP)为主;蝴蝶兰对外源乙烯的效应大于对外源活性氧的效应,而非洲菊却相反。蝴蝶兰对外源乙烯敏感性大大超过非洲菊。适当浓度乙烯抑制剂能降低呼吸速率,延缓蝴蝶兰切花衰老,而适当浓度活性氧清除剂能缓解对呼吸的抑制,延缓非洲菊衰老,延长瓶插寿命。对2种切花进行干旱胁迫18h,可加速切花衰老,瓶插寿命相应缩短,但胁迫前用0.01%TritonX-100预处理1h,能有效缓解水分胁迫效应,瓶插寿命与正常瓶插不经水分胁迫的对照切花相同。      

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。