封洲禁牧控制湖区血吸虫病效果观察

通过对都昌县沿湖周边5192．4hm有螺草洲实施封洲禁牧，结合疫区人、畜同步查治，两年(2001～2002)来，耕牛血吸虫病感染率下降了87．81％；人群血吸虫病感染率下降了56．7％；草洲钉螺阳性率和阳性螺密度分别下降了84．29％和75％，结果表明封洲禁牧是大湖区草洲灭螺难的特殊情况下，切断传染源，净化草洲，达到有螺无害(或微害)，控制血吸虫病流行的有效措施。     

上饶市湖区家畜血吸虫病疫情调查

为了摸清上饶市湖区鄱阳、余干两县血吸虫病疫情；以乡（镇）为单元全面开展人、畜血吸虫病普查和螺情调查；结果查出病人4万余人，病牛7723头，牛血吸虫病感染率9．9％，钉螺面积27556hm^2，新发现钉螺面积7．4hm^2；调查结论认为湖区有73．6％的耕牛下湖洲有螺草洲放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原，患血吸虫病牛是病原的主要传染源，加强对病牛的查治和管理是血防工作的重中之重。     

湖洲垦种治理血吸虫病易感地带的效果观察

汉寿县垸外七荆障湖洲,钉螺面积密度高,周边村民所饲养的耕牛常年在草洲上放牧,大量传染原传入湖洲,是血吸虫病易感地带,虽然多年连续查治,人、畜血吸虫病感染率仍分别迭6.9%～9.3%和6.8%～11.2%之间徘徊,并有急感病人发生.通过连续6年实施湖水退回全面翻耕种植辣油菜,钉螺面积、密度、阳性螺率,人、畜血吸虫病感染率都有明显下降,并获得了显著经济、社会、生态效益,是一种标本兼治的治理措施.     

平原湖区开挖精养鱼池灭螺效果试验

潜江市龙湾镇是血吸虫病重疫区,作者在镇内两个毗邻村进行了开挖鱼池灭螺防病和常规防治的效果效益比较试验,结果开控鱼池灭螺防病的和平村钉螺面积,活螺框出现率和感染螺框出现率及人、畜血吸虫病感染率都较对照组竺场村显著下降,经济效益和平村也明显高于竺场村。     

安徽省怀宁县耕牛血吸虫病的调查与防治

安徽省怀宁县属洲滩型血吸虫病流行区,自９０年至９８年对疫区耕牛进行了查治工作,共查耕牛５０１２３头次,查出血吸虫病牛２７４５头次,治疗或扩大化疗耕牛１１３９２头次,耕牛血吸虫病感染率由８９年的１３．１％下降至９８年的５．８８％,结果表明,所实施的人、畜同步化疗,净化草洲,严禁外来病原侵入,植树造林改造钉螺孳生环境等措施是有效的。     

洲垸型地区牛血吸虫病流行动态分析

目的分析1993~2007年两个洲垸型血吸虫病流行病学观测点调查数据,评估各种防治措施实施的效果,为策划和调整防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据＂观测点方案＂要求开展人、畜血吸虫病疫情、螺情、野粪等调查,统计分析各项指标。结果2个洲垸型观测点耕牛血吸虫病感染率分别由设点时（1993年）的28.5%和11.99%下降至2007年的6.13%和2.83%,人群血吸虫病血检阳性率仍在高水平上徘徊,垸内残存螺点极少且找不到感染性钉螺,垸外螺情变化不大。结论调查表明洲垸型地区仍是我国血吸虫病流行最严重的地区,垸外钉螺面积大,密度高,难以实施有效的药物灭螺,耕牛常年在湖洲上放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原,这类地区是以畜源性为主的血吸虫病流行区,只有加强对放牧家畜的管理,才能有效地控制血吸虫病疫情。     

平原湖区挖精养鱼池灭螺效果试验

潜江市龙湾镇是血吸虫重疫区，作者在镇内两个毗邻村进行了开挖鱼池灭螺防病和常规防治的效果效益比较试验，结果开控鱼池灭螺防 和平村钉螺面积，活螺框出现率和感染螺框出现率及人、畜血吸虫病感染率都较对照组竺场村显著下降，经济效益和平村也明显高于竺场村。     

江西省永修县吴城镇水牛血吸虫病疫情动态观测

永修县吴城镇位于鄱阳湖西畔的赣江和修河入湖交汇处，是江西省血吸虫病重疫区之一，为了能较准确地掌握这类洲滩地区水牛血吸虫病疫情动态，以其有代表性的3个行政村作观测试点，连续了10年，结果水牛血吸虫病感染率仍居高不下，其原因是畜源性传染源未能得到有效控制，牛群在有螺草洲上放牧时散播病原，感染或重复感染血吸虫病。因此，狠抓牛血吸虫病防治工作是湖洲地区阻断血吸虫病传播的关键。     

垸内低洼地带挖池养鱼灭螺效果观察

湖南省岳阳县中洲乡位于洞庭湖东畔，有耕地42840亩，其中低洼有螺湿地4000余亩，以种植水稻为主。人畜在生产中接触疫水而感染血吸虫病，是血吸虫病高度流行区，人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别为12.24％和10.48％。通过对1008亩湿地有螺稻田实施挖池养鱼，消灭了钉螺，人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别下降49.78％和57.1％，平均每亩收入比种水稻增加4-5倍，是洲垸型疫区控制、消灭血吸虫病的有效措施。     

东至县东流镇耕牛血吸虫病流行病学调查

目的摸清试区内血吸虫病疫情、螺情及防治措施的成效。方法用血清学和病原学方法检查人、牛血吸虫病感染率，用抽样等距离设框调查钉螺面积、密度、阳性螺密度及阳性螺率，查治病人病畜和“四个突破”灭螺控病。结果人、畜血吸虫病感染率、阳性螺密度和阳性螺率明显下降。结论在地理地貌环境复杂难以采用有效药物灭螺的地区，实施以查治病人病畜和“四个突破”为主体防治对策，是达到控制血吸虫病疫情的有效方法。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.