H5和H7亚型禽流感病毒多重反转录聚合酶链反应快速检测及鉴别方法的建立

参考禽流感病毒(AIV)M基因和HA基因序列设计了3对引物，其中1对为针对不同HA亚型AIV的通用引物，另外2对为分别针对AIVH5和H7亚型的特异性引物。这些引物所扩增的cDNA片段大小分别为244、860和634bp。利用这3对引物，通过对多重RT—PCR扩增条件的优化，成功建立了快速检测鉴别AIVH5、H7亚型的多重RT—PCR技术。特异性和敏感性试验结果表明，该技术对AIV H5亚型同时扩增出2条大小分别为244bp和860bp的cDNA片段；对AIV H7亚型同时扩增出2条大小分别为244bp和634bp的cDNA片段；对AIV H5和H7亚型混合样品能同时扩增出3条大小分别为244、860和634bp的cDNA片段；对其他AIV HA亚型只扩增出1条244bp的cDNA片段；对其他常见禽病病原扩增均为阴性；该多重RT-PCR对AIV RNA、AIV H5和AIV H7亚型RNA的最低检出量分别为10、100和100Pg。     

H6N1亚型禽流感病毒三重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的HA基因、N1亚型AIV的NA基因和所有亚型AIV的M基因序列,分别设计并筛选出3对特异性引物,优化引物之间的浓度,建立了H6N1亚型AIV三重RT-PCR检测方法。对该法进行特异性、敏感性和临床样品检测。结果显示,所建立的方法对H6N1亚型AIV可特异性扩增出447(H6亚型AIV)、325(N1亚型AIV)和669bp(AIV)目的条带,对H6亚型AIV扩增出447、669bp目的条带,对N1亚型AIV扩增出325、669bp目的条带,对其他亚型AIV仅扩增出669bp目的条带,对常见禽病病原体均未扩增出任何条带;该法对H6N1亚型AIV检测下限为0.1pg;305份临床样品检测结果与病毒分离鉴定一致。本研究所建立的H6N1亚型AIV三重RT-PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可同时快速鉴别检测H6、N1亚型AIV和所有亚型AIV,为H6N1亚型AIV的检测提供1种简便、快速和有效的方法。     

H10亚型和N8亚型禽流感病毒双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank中H10亚型和N8亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的HA和NA基因保守序列,分别设计筛选出2对特异性引物,用于H10亚型和N8亚型AIV的检测,优化引物之间的浓度,建立了同时检测H10亚型和N8亚型AIV的双重RT-PCR检测方法。该方法对H10N8亚型AIV可特异性扩增出267 bp(H10亚型)和464 bp(N8亚型)目的条带,对H10Ny(y≠8)亚型AIV仅扩增出267 bp目的条带,对HXN8(x≠10)亚型AIV仅扩增出464 bp目的条带,对其他亚型AIV和常见禽病病原体均未扩增出任何条带。该方法对H10亚型和N8亚型AIV检测下限均为104拷贝数/μL。本研究建立的H10亚型和N8亚型AIV双重RT-PCR特异性强、灵敏度高,可同时快速检测H10亚型和N8亚型AIV,为其感染的快速鉴别诊断提供一种简便、快速和有效的方法。     

H10亚型和N8亚型禽流感病毒三重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据基因库中H10亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)HA基因、N8亚型AIV NA基因和所有亚型AIV M基因序列,分别设计筛选出3对特异性引物,优化引物之间的浓度,建立了H10亚型和N8亚型AIV三重RT-PCR检测方法。该法对含有H10和N8亚型AIV的模板可特异性扩增出267 bp(H10亚型AIV)、464 bp(N8亚型AIV)和693 bp(AIV)目的条带,对H10亚型AIV扩增出267、693 bp目的条带,对N8亚型AIV扩增出464、693 bp目的条带,对其他亚型AIV仅扩增出693 bp目的条带,对常见禽病病原体均未扩增出任何条带。该法对H10亚型和N8亚型AIV检测下限为10~3拷贝/μL。120份临床样品检测结果与病毒分离鉴定一致。研究建立的H10亚型和N8亚型AIV三重RT-PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,为同时快速鉴别检测H10亚型和N8亚型AIV提供一种简便、快速和有效的方法。     

H6N1亚型禽流感病毒二重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中H6、N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)HA、NA基因,分别设计并筛选出2对特异性引物,用于H6亚型AIV和N1亚型AIV的检测,优化反应条件,建立了H6N1亚型AIV的二重RT-PCR检测方法。对该法进行特异性、敏感性检验,并用该法对临床样品进行检测。所建立的方法对H6N1亚型AIV可特异性扩增出447 bp(H6亚型)和325 bp(N1亚型)目的条带,对H6Ny亚型AIV仅扩增出447 bp目的条带,对HXN1亚型AIV仅扩增出325 bp目的条带,对常见禽病病原体均未扩增出任何条带;该法对H6N1亚型AIV检测下限为5×102拷贝/μL;341份临床样品检测结果与病毒分离鉴定一致。本研究所建立的H6N1亚型AIV RT-PCR特异性强、灵敏度高,一管可同时检测H6和N1亚型AIV,为H6N1亚型AIV的检测提供一种简便、快速和有效的检测方法。     

禽流感病毒H5、H7和H9亚型一步法多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立能同时检测H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的方法,参考GenBank中H5、H7和H9亚型AIV的HA基因序列的保守区域,利用Primer 5.0软件设计3对分别针对AIV H5、H7和H9亚型的特异性引物,预期特异扩增H5AIV片段大小为380bp、H7AIV为501bp、H9AIV为732bp。经过反应条件的优化,建立了同时检测H5、H7和H9亚型AIV的一步法多重RT-PCR方法。该方法特异性强,对其他亚型AIV和禽呼吸道病原体检测结果为阴性;敏感性高,H5、H7和H9亚型AIV RNA的最低检出量分别为10-4、10-4、10-2拷贝/μL。初步建立了快速、敏感、特异地鉴别检测H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒的分子生物学诊断方法。     

H3N2亚型禽流感病毒三重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测禽流感病毒(AIV)且同时区分H3N2亚型AIV的方法,本研究根据H3、N2亚型AIV HA、NA基因及AIV最保守M基因的保守区域,设计并筛选出3对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了AIV H3N2亚型和M基因三重RT-PCR的检测方法。对该法进行特异性及敏感性检测,并通过该三重RT-PCR方法对96份临床样品进行检测。结果显示,H3N2亚型AIV可扩增出3条特异性条带,其中518bp为AIV M基因、418bp为N2亚型AIV NA基因、271bp为H3亚型AIV HA基因;H3亚型和N2亚型AIV均可扩增出2条特异性条带,大小分别为518bp、271bp和518bp、418bp;其他亚型AIV可扩增出一条特异性条带,大小为518bp;常见禽病病原体均未扩增出任何条带。敏感性试验表明该法对H3N2亚型AIV的检测下限为100pg,96份临床样品检测结果与病毒分离鉴定结果一致。本研究所建立的AIV H3N2亚型和M基因三重RT-PCR为一种简便、快速、有效的检测方法。     

H7亚型禽流感RT-PCR诊断方法的建立

参照GenBank中已发表的H7亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因设计合成了一对预计扩增片段大小约为310bp的引物。利用这对引物,通过对RT-PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化,建立了针对H7亚型禽流感的RT-PCR检测方法。敏感性试验和特异性试验结果表明,该方法敏感性高,最低可检出100pg的AIV-H7的mRNA,且应用该引物对新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)及其他亚型的流感病毒(H1、H3、H5、H9)在相同反应条件下未扩增出任何片段,具有较好的特异性。用所建立RT-PCR方法检测发病鸡组织病料及咽、肛拭子,检测结果与鸡胚病毒分离结果相比,阳性符合率高达90.6%。     

H5亚型和N6亚型禽流感病毒二重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立一种快速、简便的H5亚型、N6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的检测方法,根据GenBank中H5亚型、N6亚型AIV的HA和NA基因保守序列,分别设计了2对特异性引物,通过优化条件,建立了H5亚型和N6亚型AIV二重RT-PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果显示,该方法对H5N6亚型AIV特异性扩增出418bp和251bp目的片段,对H5Ny(y≠6)亚型AIV扩增出418bp目的片段,对HxN6(x≠5)亚型AIV扩增出251bp目的片段,对其他亚型和常见的禽病病原体均未扩增出目的片段;敏感性结果显示,该方法对H5亚型和N6亚型最低检测限为1.59×10-5ng/μL。本研究建立的H5亚型和N6亚型AIV检测方法,具有特异性强,灵敏度高的特点,为H5亚型和N6亚型AIV临床检测以及防控提供了有效方法。     

H5、H9亚型禽流感分子鉴别诊断方法的建立

为了快速、敏感、特异地鉴别诊断禽流感,根据H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列的保守区域设计出并合成2对特异性引物,利用这2对引物对H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因片段进行二联RT-PCR扩增,并对二联RT-PCR检测方法进行敏感性及特异性试验。结果表明:这2对引物能特异性地扩增出H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因片段,大小分别为490bp和686bp;该检测方法敏感性高,特异性强;初步建立了快速、敏感、特异地鉴别检测H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒的分子诊断方法。     

Reassortant H1N1 influenza virus vaccines protect pigs against pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and H1N2 swine influenza virus challenge

Influenza A (H1N1) virus has caused human influenza outbreaks in a worldwide pandemic since April 2009. Pigs have been found to be susceptible to this influenza virus under experimental and natural conditions, raising concern about their potential role in the pandemic spread of the virus. In this study, we generated a high-growth reassortant virus (SC/PR8) that contains the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from a novel H1N1 isolate, A/Sichuan/1/2009 (SC/09), and six internal genes from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, by genetic reassortment. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this reassortant virus were evaluated at different doses in a challenge model using a homologous SC/09 or heterologous A/Swine/Guangdong/1/06(H1N2) virus (GD/06). Two doses of SC/PR8 virus vaccine elicited high-titer serum hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies specific for the 2009 H1N1 virus and conferred complete protection against challenge with either SC/09 or GD/06 virus, with reduced lung lesions and viral shedding in vaccine-inoculated animals compared with non-vaccinated control animals. These results indicated for the first time that a high-growth SC/PR8 reassortant H1N1 virus exhibits properties that are desirable to be a promising vaccine candidate for use in swine in the event of a pandemic H1N1 influenza.     

Pathogenesis of H13 nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

A nephropathogenic Massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) designated H13-IBV was isolated from the kidneys of commercial broilers. H13-IBV caused respiratory distress, depression, and diarrhea in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Gross renal lesions included pale coloration, swelling, and urate deposition. Histologic renal changes were interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Lesions in respiratory tissues included thickening and edema of the air sacs, congestion of the tracheal mucosa, and frothy serous exudate. Histologic tracheal lesions were deciliation, mucous gland distortion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and squamous metaplasia. Clinically, H13-IBV was highly pathogenic in birds infected at 1 day of age and mildly pathogenic in birds infected at 4 weeks of age. Kidney lesions were of marked severity only in birds infected at 1 day of age. Tracheal lesions were similar in severity in both age groups.     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗对禽流感H9亚型流行株攻毒的保护作用

为了监测鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗(LaSota株+M41株+SS/94株)对H9亚型禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果,采用H9亚型禽流感病毒SS/94株及2009—2010年现地分离的3株H9亚型禽流感病毒对已免疫上述三联灭活苗的SPF鸡进行攻毒试验。结果显示,试验鸡以0.3 mL/只的剂量免疫三联灭活苗后21 d,其H9亚型禽流感病毒的HI抗体效价可达8～11log2,此抗体水平可抵抗2×106EID50的H9亚型禽流感病毒SS/94株、BLCN09株、WDZ09株、YT10株的攻击,攻毒保护率均达90%(9/10)以上。可见,以SS/94株作为禽流感疫苗抗原制备的三联灭活苗具有良好的免疫原性,能使免疫鸡抵抗2009—2010年期间现地分离的多株H9亚型禽流感病毒的攻击。     

禽流感H5、H7和H9亚型多重PCR方法的建立

为了建立能够同时检测禽流感H5、H7和H9亚型的多重PCR检测方法,本文分别针对各病毒亚型的HA基因高度保守序列设计了3对特异性引物。通过对反应条件的优化,成功建立了在一个反应中同时检测禽流感H5、H7和H9亚型的多重PCR诊断方法。根据其敏感性的结果可知,该方法对这3种亚型病毒的最低核酸检测量均为1×10~4拷贝/μL,且该方法特异性良好,具有灵敏、快速、成本低等优点,对禽流感病毒的流行病学调查具有指导意义。     

SYBR Green I荧光RT-PCR法检测H5亚型禽流感病毒

用2株不同致病力的H5亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)感染Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)细胞,收集感染后6,12,24,48,72 h的病毒,提取总RNA,利用Rotor Gene RG3 000实时定量PCR仪对H5亚型AIV的HA基因进行检测,试图建立快速检测H5亚型AIV的real-time RT-PCR方法,并用所建立的方法对来自全国各地的疑似H5亚型AIV的病料和咽喉拭子、泄殖腔拭子346份进行检测。结果表明：农业部动物流感重点开放实验室建立的HA基因的teal-time RT-PCR方法可以检测到细胞培养物中和临床样品中是否含有H5亚型AIV,与常规RT-PCR比较,该方法更加特异、准确、快速。     

Efficacy of swine influenza A virus vaccines against an H3N2 virus variant

We compared the efficacy of 3 commercial vaccines against swine influenza A virus (SIV) and an experimental homologous vaccine in young pigs that were subsequently challenged with a variant H3N2 SIV, A/Swine/Colorado/00294/2004, selected from a repository of serologically and genetically characterized H3N2 SIV isolates obtained from recent cases of swine respiratory disease. The experimental vaccine was prepared from the challenge virus. Four groups of 8 pigs each were vaccinated intramuscularly at both 4 and 6 wk of age with commercial or homologous vaccine. Two weeks after the 2nd vaccination, those 32 pigs and 8 nonvaccinated pigs were inoculated with the challenge virus by the deep intranasal route. Another 4 pigs served as nonvaccinated, nonchallenged controls. The serum antibody responses differed markedly between groups. After the 1st vaccination, the recipients of the homologous vaccine had hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of 1:640 to 1:2560 against the challenge (homologous) virus. In contrast, even after 2nd vaccination, the commercial-vaccine recipients had low titers or no detectable antibody against the challenge (heterologous) virus. After the 2nd vaccination, all the groups had high titers of antibody to the reference H3N2 virus A/Swine/Texas/4199-2/98. Vaccination reduced clinical signs and lung lesion scores; however, virus was isolated 1 to 5 d after challenge from the nasal swabs of most of the pigs vaccinated with a commercial product but from none of the pigs vaccinated with the experimental product. The efficacy of the commercial vaccines may need to be improved to provide sufficient protection against emerging H3N2 variants.     

表达H5亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白的重组禽痘病毒的构建

为构建表达H5亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)A/Duck/Anhui/1/06(H5N1)(简称AH/06)HA蛋白的重组禽痘病毒,本研究利用感染-转染的方法通过转移载体pSY681-gfp-gpt将AIV株AH/06的HA基因同源重组到禽痘病毒(FPV)中,并利用gfp和gpt双重筛选标记在鸡胚成纤维细胞中经过多轮筛选,得到纯化的重组禽痘病毒(rFPV-gfp-gpt-AHHA)。通过PCR、序列测定和western blot的方法对rFPV-gfp-gpt-AHHA进行鉴定和抗原活性分析。结果表明AH/06的HA基因稳定的重组到rFPV-gfp-gpt-AHHA中,其表达的HA蛋白能够与AH/06的阳性血清反应,显示出了良好的抗原性。同时病毒的生长曲线也显示外源HA基因的插入并没有影响亲本病毒的复制。这些结果为进一步的免疫效力研究奠定了基础。