Detection of Novel Reassortant Influenza A (H3N2) and H1N1 2009 Pandemic Viruses in Swine in Hanoi,Vietnam

From May to September 2013, monthly samples were collected from swine in a Vietnamese slaughterhouse for influenza virus isolation and serological testing. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and a novel H3N2 originating from reassortment between A(H1N1)pdm09 and novel viruses of the North American triple reassortant lineage were isolated. Serological results showed low seroprevalence for the novel H3N2 virus and higher seroprevalence for A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In addition, serology suggested that other swine influenza viruses are also circulating in Vietnamese swine.     

一株鸭源H4N6亚型禽流感病毒A/duck/Shanghai/Y20/2006的全基因组序列测定及遗传演化分析

为了解鸭源H4N6亚型禽流感病毒A/duck/Shanghai/Y20/2006(DK/SH/Y20/06)的来源、特征及其分子演化规律,进一步丰富水禽流感病毒的基因库,对该病毒8个基因片段分别进行了扩增和序列测定,利用分子生物学软件对测序结果进行序列分析,并与GenBank登录的相关病毒进行了遗传演化分析。结果表明,DK/SH/Y20/06的HA基因切割位点附近的氨基酸序列(PEKASR↓GLF)符合低致病力AIV的特征,其分子遗传演化关系属于欧亚分支;NA基因与A/mallard/Yanchen/2005(H4N6)在同一分支内,核苷酸序列同源性为98.3%;而PB2、PB1、NP、PA基因与目前在国内流行的H6亚型禽流感病毒关系密切;M基因与A/environment/Korea/CSM05/2004(H3N1)处于同一分支;而NS基因与A/wild duck/Korea/YS44/2004(H1N2)同源性最高。且DK/SH/Y20/06的8个基因与美洲H4N6亚型AIV分离株均不处在同一遗传进化分支上,相互之间遗传关系较远。可见,DK/SH/Y20/06可能是由H4N6、H6N2、H6N5、H3N1和H1N2等不同亚型来源的基因在鸭体内经过复杂重组演变的一株重组病毒。     

Generation of Recombinant Equine Influenza Vaccine Candidate RgH3N1 Virus by Reverse Genetics

The antigenic variation of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins requires frequent changes in vaccine formulation. The new strategy of creating influenza seed strains for vaccine production is to generate 7 + 1 reassortants that contain seven genes from a high-yield virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34[A/PR/8/34](H1N1) and the HA gene from the circulating strains. By using this DNA-based cotransfection technique, we generated 7 + 1 reassortants rgH3N1 which had the antigenic determinants of influenza virus A/Songbird/HongKong/102/00[SB/HK/01](H3N8) and 7 other genes from A/PR/8/34. The hemagglutinin of A/Songbird/HongKong/102/00 is 96.3% homologous to that of A/Equine/Jilin/98[Eq/J1/89] (H3N8). The resulting virus rgH3N1 grows to high HA titers in chicken embryonated eggs, allowing vaccine preparation in unconcentrated allantoic fluid. The rgH3N1 is stable after multiple passages in embryonated eggs. The reassortant rgH3N1 virus could be used as vaccine candidate to reduce the reemergence of equine influenza outbreaks.     

1株重组的H5N2亚型禽流感病毒全基因组序列分析

本研究对1株H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(CK/GD02/14)进行全基因测序及遗传进化分析,结果显示,该病毒HA蛋白裂解位点含有多个连续的碱性氨基酸(321PQIEGRRRKR*GLF333),为高致病性禽流感病毒特征。遗传进化分析结果显示,CK/GD02/14与A/chicken/Jiangsu/1001/2013(H5N2)各基因片段都有较高的同源性(97.6%~98.9%)。HA基因位于H5N1亚型遗传进化树的7.2分支,NA基因属于H9N2亚型遗传进化树的BJ/1/94-like分支。其内部基因与1株H9N2亚型病毒的内部基因有较高的同源性,但其M基因属于类H5N1病毒分支,表明该H5N2亚型禽流感病毒为H9N2和H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的重组毒株。结果表明,CK/GD02/14与A/chicken/Jiangsu/1001/2013(H5N2)为同源毒株,可能由江苏传到广东地区。     

我国玉米上一个水稻黑条矮缩病毒重排体的ORF序列

由水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)引起的粗缩病是我国玉米生产中的一种毁灭性病害.本文报道从山东枣庄玉米上得到的RBSDV分离物SDZZ10所有可读框(ORF)的序列.与全基因组序列已知的2个RBS-DV分离物Hbm和Zjr比较,SDZZ10的大多数ORF与Hbm相应ORF的核苷酸序列一致率更高,其蛋白与Hbm相应蛋白的氨基酸一致率也更高,但SDZZ10的ORF3,ORF4,ORF9-2和ORF10与jr相应ORF的核苷酸一致率更高,P4,P9-1和P9-2与Zjr相应蛋白的氨基酸一致率更高.根据ORF8和ORF10构建的系统进化树中,SDZZ10分别属于不同的组,说明SDZZ10是一个自然发生的重排体.     

牛轮状病毒基因重配二价减毒疫苗接种怀孕母牛的免疫原性评价

为评价牛轮状病毒(BRV)基因重组二价减毒疫苗(LLR-85和R191株)对怀孕母牛的免疫反应,本研究将RV LLR-85(G10)和R191(G6)株等比例混合后进行乳化,肌肉途径接种怀孕7个～8个月的母牛.采用间接ELISA和病毒中和(VN)试验对接种牛血清抗BRV的IgG、IgA以及VN抗体进行检测.结果显示,接种2周后抗体水平达到峰值,可以使原有的抗体滴度升高4倍～32倍,高滴度抗体可持续约2个月,接种母牛均未发生流产等副反应.犊牛通过饲喂初乳,可以在出生后1d内获得最高水平的血清和肠道粘膜抗体.结果表明,BRV基因重组二价减毒疫苗对孕牛不但具有良好的安全性、而且其高滴度抗体可以通过初乳使新生犊牛获得有效的被动免疫.这些研究结果为该疫苗的临床应用提供了实验依据.     

Betanodavirus infection in bath‐challenged Solea senegalensis juveniles: A comparative analysis of RGNNV,SJNNV and reassortant strains

Senegalese sole has been shown to be highly susceptible to betanodavirus infection, although virulence differences were observed between strains. To study the mechanisms involved in these differences, we have analysed the replication in brain tissue of three strains with different genotypes during 15 days after bath infection. In addition, possible portals of entry for betanodavirus into sole were investigated. The reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV and the SJNNV strain reached the brain after 1 and 2 days postinfection, respectively. Although no RGNNV replication was detected until day 3–4 postinfection, at the end of the experiment this strain yielded the highest viral load; this is in accordance with previous studies in which sole infected with the reassortant showed more acute signs and earlier mortality than the RGNNV and SJNNV strains. Differences between strains were also observed in the possible portals of entry. Thus, whereas the reassortant strain could infect sole mainly through the skin or the oral route, and, to a minor extent, through the gills, the SJNNV strain seems to enter fish only through the gills and the RGNNV strain could use all tissues indistinctly. Taken together, all these results support the hypothesis that reassortment has improved betanodavirus infectivity for sole.     

重组禽流感病毒H7N9 H7-Re1株培养条件的优化

【背景】高致病性禽流感疫情的暴发造成了巨大的经济损失和环境卫生的破坏,现阶段疫苗接种仍是我国控制禽流感的主要措施之一,需要大量安全、高效和低成本的禽流感病毒疫苗。鸡胚法制备禽流感病毒疫苗的工艺存在原料来源受限、过程复杂、个体差异、培养周期长和不易放大培养等缺陷。而利用生物反应器大规模培养动物细胞生产病毒疫苗,不仅可以大幅度提高单位产量,实现高密度细胞和高病毒产率,同时可保证产品质量。目前我国用于禽流感防控的疫苗为重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)。国内细胞全悬浮工艺生产禽流感灭活疫苗单罐产能最大为6 000 L,高病毒含量抗原的提供是生产高效疫苗的主要影响因素之一。【目的】为了能够提供稳定的、高效的生产抗原,开展种毒驯化试验。【方法】将重组禽流感病毒H7N9 H7-Re1株分别在MDCK细胞及悬浮MDCK细胞上增殖。在MDCK细胞上通过不同的病毒接种剂量、不同收获时间、不同TPCK-胰酶浓度的试验,确定了H7N9 H7-Re1株在MDCK细胞上最佳收获时间为64 h,最佳接毒剂量为0.008%或MOI为10~(-4),最佳TPCK-胰酶浓度为2μg·mL~(-1),根据确定的最佳培养条件连续传代,并对各代次病毒含量进行检测。【结果】在MDCK细胞上传至第5代时,HA可达1﹕256,每1 mL病毒含量达到10~(8.5)TCID50,每0.1 mL病毒含量达到10~(8.5)EID50,均高于其他代次。【结论】将第5代确定为MDCK细胞传代最佳代次,可考虑确定为生产用基础种毒代次。在悬浮MDCK细胞上对重组禽流感病毒传代进行了优化试验,确定了H7N9 H7-Re1株在悬浮MDCK细胞上最佳收获时间为48 h,最佳接毒剂量MOI为10~(-2),最佳TPCK-胰酶浓度为4—8μg·mL~(-1)。在实际疫苗生产过程中,可选择MDCK细胞或悬浮MDCK细胞来扩繁种毒。