黄海黄杆菌YS-9412-130低温碱性蛋白酶的基因克隆和序列测定

黄海黄杆菌YS－9412－130具有稳定的分泌低温碱性蛋白酶的能力。将其染色体DNA用Sau3AⅠ部分酶切后，低熔点琼脂糖回收2－10Kb的DNA片段，用Klenow大片段酶半补齐，与用SalⅠ酶切且半补齐的质粒pUC19连续后，转化E.Coli.JM109，构建基因文库。且酪蛋白平板法和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）的活性筛选方法从基因文库中筛选到一株产海洋低温碱性酶的阳性克隆（命名为pHH1）。序列测定分析表明，此重组质粒包含有长度为768bp低温碱性蛋白酶基因的完整的开放读码框架（ORF）和上游基因调控序列。此片段编码由256个氨基酸组成的酶，计算分子量为83000Dal。通过Southern杂交证实了此片段来自于黄海黄杆菌YS－9412－130基因组DNA。     

混合工艺处理猪场养殖废水研究

针对规模化的猪场养殖废水具有有机物浓度高、悬浮物高、氨氮高的特点,目前控制猪场养殖废水污染的方法主要以厌氧+好氧生物处理为主,辅助物化法、自然处理法。本研究借助实际工程,采用ABR+SBR+生态氧化塘混合处理工艺,探索其处理规模化猪场养殖废水的可行性和运行效果研究。     

高邮麻鸭白细胞介素-2基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]对高邮麻鸭白细胞介素-2（CIL-2）基因进行克隆和序列分析。[方法]以高邮麻鸭外周血淋巴细胞提取的总RNA为模板,根据已发表的鸭IL-2基因cDNA序列设计并合成1对引物,应用两步RT-PCR技术扩增出IL-2基因的特异性片段。将扩增片段插入pGEM-T-easy载体,并进行测序分析和结果验证。[结果]阳性克隆所含插入片段的DNA序列全长为433bp,与预期大小一致,含有1个423bp大小的开放性阅读框,共编码141个氨基酸的前体蛋白,N端21个氨基酸形成信号肽,成熟蛋白为120个氨基酸,分子量约为13.66kD,含1个糖基化位点。该序列与绿头鸭、绍兴鸭、固始鸭相应序列的同源性均为99.8%,与广州白鸭的同源性为99.3%,存在少量核苷酸差异。[结论]高邮麻鸭IL-2编码区基因相对高度保守,为其用于临床疾病治疗提供了一定参考。     

杂草稻nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件优化及测定

对杂草稻的nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件进行了优化并测定,建立的PCR最优体系为：20μL反应体系含1μL模板DNA,0．125mmoL／L dNTPs,0．5μmol／L正反向引物,1U Taq酶,2．0μL 10×Taq PCR Bufter;退火温度为57℃。这样的条件下充分保证了ITS PCR产物的质量和纯度要求,直接测序结果为600bp左右,与网上结果十分类似,表明结果准确可靠。这些ITS片段的系统学信息将为杂草稻的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据。     

The ectomycorrhizal status of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings from bare-root forest nurseries

In this paper, we report molecular investigation of an ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) community of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery. In total, we surveyed 32 nurseries that were each active in supplying planting stocks to restock forests and for afforestation of post-agricultural land. Sequence-based approach was used to identify EMF taxa, quantify EMF richness, and document differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa. We identified seven fungal species that might contribute to the mycorrhizal community structure of 1 to 3-year-old L. decidua seedlings. The species richness in the examined larches varied between one and four fungal taxa, depending on both the nursery stock samples (NSS) and age class of the seedlings. The average was 1.4 for 1-year-old seedlings and 2.3 for 2- and 3-year-old plants. The dominance of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota and the prevalence of two species, Wilcoxina mikolae and Suillus grevillei, as EMF partners were characteristic features of nursery-grown L. decidua seedlings. S. grevillei was the only one basidiomycetes colonized roots of tested seedlings. The rest of the mycorrhizal pool from forest nurseries was typically dominated by pioneer fungal ascomycetes. W. mikolae was the most common mycorrhizal ascomycete present at a high frequency on NSS from both age classes and with very high abundance (average 90%) on 1-year-old seedlings. Some other ascomycetes (Pezizales 1, Pezizales 2 and Pezizales 3) appeared on tested larches at a low frequency, but sometimes in high abundance. Tuber spp. appeared at a low frequency and low abundance. The relative abundance of S. grevillei was positively correlated with the age of seedlings, while W. mikolae was negatively correlated with age. Tuber sp. 1 and 2, Pezizales 2, and W. mikolae were positively associated with the basic soil pH values. However, forward selection of the environmental variables showed that only the age of the larch seedlings contributed significantly (F = 11.45, P = 0.02) to the variance in the ECF community.     

Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community

The combined and separate effects of Cd and wood ash on Archaea from coniferous forest humus were studied in a microcosm experiment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the denaturing gradient gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 0.9 kb 16S ribosomal DNA fragments revealed changes in archaeal communities due to the ash treatments. Cd with or without ash did not further influence the result. Representatives of the ash and control communities were cloned, grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and finally sequenced. All sequences belonged to non-thermophilic Crenarchaea.     

狂犬病病毒SRV9克隆株核蛋白基因的克隆、表达与特性分析

根据已发表的狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物，从SAD株驯化的SRV9。蚀斑株中提取病毒RNA，通过RT-PCR扩增出核蛋白的全长cDNA序列，测序结果显示，其序列与国外报道的SAD母源株序列一致。将核蛋白的cDNA克隆至原核表达载体pET-28b( )中，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）plyss，于30℃1mmol/LIPTG条件下诱导表达，大肠杆菌菌体裂解产物经SDS-PAGE分析，在分子量约为56kDa处出现一新的蛋白带。和预期的目的蛋白分子量相符，Western-blotting检测表明，表达产物能与狂犬病病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应，出现单一反应带，扫描分析显示，表达产物占菌体总蛋白的23%，包涵体分离，纯化后，纯度达89%，上述结果为核蛋白在狂犬病基因免疫和免疫检测中的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

砂梨扩展蛋白基因cDNA克隆及全序列分析

设计植物EXP扩展蛋白简并引物,以砂梨果实cDNA为模板,克隆得到EXP基因cDNA片段,该片段长465 bp。根据该片段序列,分别设计2条5’和3’末端扩增的特异引物,利用RACE技术,获得了该片段的5’端和3’端序列。用DNAMAN5.22软件对3个序列进行拼接和分析,获得了该基因的cDNA全长,命名为Pyp-EXP。该cDNA全长为1 395 bp,5’端起始密码子ATG始于72 bp,3’端终止子TAG止于830 bp,Ploy+(A)从1 363～1 395 bp。该基因已在GenBank基因数据库注册,注册号为EF602031。Pyp-EXP核苷酸序列有一个759 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码区与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃的同源性分别为96%,96%,94%和86%;该cDNA推导编码252个氨基酸,含有1个组氨酸(His_Phe_Asp,HFD)功能域,与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃中相应序列同源性分别为98%,97%,95%和93%。该基因的克隆为研究扩展蛋白的时空表达及其在果实发育和成熟过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

猪的全基因组测序研究进展

猪具有独特的生物学特征,在畜牧业生产和医学研究中占有重要地位。全基因组测序即de novo测序和全基因组重测序为解释猪的生物学特性和促进猪的分子育种发挥了重要作用。本文重点阐述全基因组测序在猪基因组学研究中的应用,分析全基因组测序技术及其在猪的全基因组测序工作中的优势和不足,并对未来猪的分子遗传育种研究工作进行展望。     

禽流感病毒HA基因的分子克隆和测序

血凝素（HA）是禽流感病毒诱导机体产生保护性体液免疫反应的主要靶抗原。本研究的目的是克隆HA基因，为以后的表达及基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础。收获接毒鸡胚的尿囊液，超速离心沉淀病毒，采用异硫氰酸胍法提取病毒RNA，利用反转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）技术扩增出禽流感病毒（H9N2亚型）血凝素的cDNA。PCR产物加A尾后，用玻璃奶试剂盒回收纯化目的片段，通过T－A连接将加尾PCR产物连接到线状克隆载体pGEM-T easy vector，转化DH5α感受态细胞，在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性克隆，提取质粒，经酶切鉴定，对目的片段进行测序，结果获得了HA基因全长，约1．7kb，与已知序列进行同源性比较，同源性最高的可达97％，所克隆的基因为禽流感HA基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础。