湿法机械处理改善粘胶级竹溶解浆反应性能的研究

为提高溶解浆进行粘胶纤维产品生产的加工性能及减少二硫化碳的排放，采用PFI（papirindustriens forsknings institut）磨打浆和瓦利打浆机打浆这2种湿法机械处理，以改善竹溶解浆的反应性能。以预水解硫酸盐法竹溶解浆为原料，考察PFI磨打浆及瓦利打浆机打浆对溶解浆反应性能及纤维形态的影响，并对同等打浆度条件下的2种湿法机械处理的效果进行比较。PFI磨和瓦利打浆机分别在打浆度为60.5°SR（15 000 r）及36.4°SR（30 min）的优化工艺条件下，Fock反应性能从68.3%分别提高到73.2%和84.0%，粘胶过滤性能由“不通过”到粘胶过滤值分别为3 196.1 s和2 115.6 s。同时，上述2种处理方式均使纤维粗度和长度下降，细小纤维含量、比表面积和总孔隙量增加，且使聚合度损失小。同等打浆度条件下，基于瓦利打浆机对纤维更多的剪切行为，瓦利打浆机打浆对反应性能的提高效果更为显著。     

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre-Planting (Phosphorus Fertilizer Application)

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield. The study was carried out over three crop cycles at the Jalles Machado sugar-mill in Goianésia, GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources (soluble and insoluble) applied at a rate of 300 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The phosphorus fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, and magnesium term phosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by plant height (ground to Top Visible Dewlap; TVD), leaf phosphorus content, agronomic efficiency, and sugarcane yield from cane-plants, first ratoon, and second ratoon. Magnesium term phosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant-cane height. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were highest with applications of MAP, magnesium term phosphate, and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect sugarcane plant yield, but did increase ratoon yield. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphate increased over the years. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of phosphate was (in descending order): triple superphosphate (100%), term phosphate (89%), MAP (80%), Itafós rock phosphate (67%), and Arad rock phosphate (60%).     

场效应对有机物性质的影响

讨论了场效应对有机化合物的酸性，反应活性及单糖构象稳定性等方面的影响，指出场效应的重要性不能被忽视。     

苯甲酰丙酮反应位点预测及金属配合物的合成、表征和抑菌活性

运用Gaussian98软件包,采用密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-31G基组水平上,对苯甲酰丙酮进行了结构优化、频率分析和NBO轨道分析。结合前线分子轨道能量和原子净电荷等,推导出化合物可能的活性部位是β-二酮的氧原子。利用频率分析的结果对样品的红外光谱图进行了指认。合成并表征了苯甲酰丙酮的铜、锌配合物,确定了金属配合物的可能配位点,结果与量化计算的结果一致。采用单片纸碟法测定了配合物的抑菌活性,结果表明,苯甲酰丙酮的铜配合物抑菌活性好于对照物阿莫西林。     

不同感染量REV对鸡免疫反应和细胞毒性作用的影响

用不同剂量网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）感染肉鸡和SPF鸡后，检测血液中T淋巴细胞对ConA的反应和NK细胞、细胞毒T细胞（CTL）的细胞毒性作用以及NDV抗体生成变化等，观察REV感染对机体非特异性、特异性细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应的影响。结果表明无论高剂量还是低剂量REV感染均造成体液免疫和非特异性细胞免疫抑制，而且高剂量比低剂量对免疫功能的抑制作用更强，但对NK细胞和细胞毒T细胞的细胞杀伤活性却有升高趋势，在抗肿瘤方面发挥一定的作用。这种结果说明REV感染对机体的免疫抑制是有选择性的，且抑制程度与感染病毒量有关。     

不同海拔下甲醇替代率和主喷正时对RCCI发动机性能的影响

为探究不同海拔条件下甲醇/柴油反应活性控制压燃（reactivity controlled compression ignition, RCCI）发动机的运行特性,该研究基于甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机试验台架,试验研究1 800r/min、100%负荷和3 200r/min、100%负荷下不同甲醇替代率、柴油喷射正时对发动机燃烧与排放性能的影响规律。结果表明：不同海拔条件下随着甲醇替代率的增加,缸压和瞬时放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧始点和燃烧中心前移,当量有效燃油消耗率（equivalent brake specific fuel consumption, ESFC）降低,有效热效率升高,NO_x和碳烟排放大幅降低,THC（total hydrocarbons）和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、100%负荷工况下,甲醇替代率由0增至20%,0、1 000、2 000m海拔下最大缸压平均增加1.72MPa,瞬时放热率峰值平均升高25.08J/(°),ESFC平均降低4.67%,有效热效率平均升高4.90%,NO_x和碳烟排放分别平均降低16.63%和50%,THC和CO排放量分别平均增加142.03、388.18 mg/kg。3 200 r/min下甲醇替代率由0增至7%,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低1.76%,有效热效率平均升高1.79%,NO_x和碳烟排放量分别平均降低8.17%和20.70%。海拔高度由0升至2 000m,1 800r/min、20%甲醇替代率与3 200r/min、7%甲醇替代率下,瞬时放热率峰值分别降低4.80和8.08J/(°),燃烧中心分别推迟1.44°和1.43°,有效热效率分别降低0.82%和0.68%,ESFC分别升高2.10%和1.99%,NO_x排放量分别减少10.61%和7.35%,碳烟排放分别增加26.54%和32.12%,THC排放分别升高29.88%和15.45%,CO排放量分别增加22.42%和18.15%。固定甲醇替代率后,随着柴油主喷正时提前,不同海拔条件下缸压和放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧中心向上止点靠近,ESFC逐渐降低,有效热效率升高,碳烟排放减少,NO_x、THC和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、15%甲醇替代率下,主喷正时从-1.5°提前至-7.5°,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低8.27%,有效热效率平均升高9.08%,碳烟排放平均减少90.94%。为提升高海拔条件下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机的热效率和燃油经济性,可以适当增大柴油主喷正时。研究结果可为不同海拔环境下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机燃烧与污染物排放控制优化提供参考。     

鸡新城疫病毒F蛋白部分表位基因的克隆表达及其免疫反应性

为研究NDV-F蛋白抗原表位在动物免疫应答中的作用特点,作者克隆和表达了NDV-F蛋白基因的部分片段,并检测其免疫反应性.首先根据F基因和载体pGEX-4T-1的多克隆位点自行设计了1对引物,以已克隆的NDV(F48E9株)的F基因为模板,通过PCR扩增获得长度为594 bp的片段.接着在电泳和酶切鉴定后将其定向插入pGEX-4T-1,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-F594,并经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定后,进一步将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21中.最后用IPTG诱导表达,提取物用SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析.结果表明,该基因片段表达的融合蛋白大小约为46 000,以包涵体形式存在,并具有良好的免疫反应性.     

盐酸克伦特罗单克隆抗体的制备及其特性

以戊二醛法将盐酸克伦特罗 (Clenbuterol,CL)连接到牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)上制备抗原(BSA -CL) ,并以BSA -CL免疫Balb/c小鼠 ,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与NS0细胞融合 ,建立分泌CL单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过对杂交瘤细胞培养上清的检测、鉴定 ,筛选出 1 7株高亲和力的杂交瘤细胞株 ,其中C - 4C9、C - 2D6、C - 4G1和C - 2H6的培养上清ELISA效价为 1∶5 1 2 ,1∶640 ,1∶81 0和 1∶2 5 6;腹水ELISA效价为 5× 1 0 - 6,1 .7× 1 0 - 5,2×1 0 - 6和 3.3× 1 0 - 5。 4株单抗与 β -肾上腺素激动剂沙丁胺醇的交叉反应性为 0 .79% ,与肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素及畜禽常用抗生素无交叉反应性。可以作为制备CL快速检测的特异性单克隆抗体应用     

Genetic parameters estimates for ewes’ behavioural reactivity towards their litter after lambing

In livestock, improving maternal reactivity towards the litter is an important issue in breeding strategies to promote production and animal welfare. As of yet, no studies have investigated the within-breed genetic variation of maternal reactivity in sheep. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of maternal reactivity traits. A total of 1,095 primiparous and 1,441 multiparous Romane ewes were phenotyped 24 hr postlambing using a behavioural test (arena test, AT) over a 10-year experimental period. The test consisted of three successive phases evaluating the ewe's attraction to her litter, reactivity to separation from her litter, and reactivity to a conflict between attraction to her litter and avoidance of a motionless human. The ewes were reared exclusively on rangelands (South of France) and lambed outdoors in the spring. High-pitched bleating and low-pitched bleating in the AT were mostly highly heritable (0.39‒0.46). Heritabilities were moderate for proximity to the litter in the presence of a human (0.27) and low for locomotion and vigilance in the AT (0.09‒0.15). The measurements of a given behaviour in the three phases of the AT were highly genetically correlated. Few genetic correlations were found between the different behavioural traits in the AT, the highest correlations being between high-pitched bleating and low-pitched bleating (−0.43 to −0.77). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate moderate-to-high heritability for maternal reactivity traits. These traits could be included in genetic selection schemes to enhance maternal attachment provided there is no unfavourable link with other production traits.