鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制研究进展

本综述介绍了鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制的研究进展,阐明了鹿茸发育的组织细胞特性,进一步分析了鹿茸发育机制中待解决的问题。     

Notch信号通路在体外培养的鹿茸干细胞中的表达

Notch信号通路是一条进化上十分保守的信号转导系统,在调节干细胞增殖、分化和凋亡方面起到重要作用。研究表明,鹿生茸区骨膜和角柄骨膜分别含有鹿茸发生和再生的干细胞。应用RT-PCR的方法对离体培养生茸区骨膜和角柄骨膜细胞进行检测,得出Notch信号通路各信号因子在2种细胞中的表达情况。结果:Notch-1、Notch-2、Notch-4、Dll-4J、agged-1J、agged-2、Hes-1等信号因子在这2种干细胞中均有不同程度的表达,说明Notch信号通路可能参与了他们的增殖、分化的调控。     

鹿茸发生和再生的组织基础及其研究进展

通过对鹿茸生长发育机理研究的整理和总结,阐述了鹿茸发生和再生过程中的组织变化,特别是关于生茸区骨膜和角柄骨膜的研究,取得了重要的成果．生茸区骨膜切除后不能发生角柄和鹿茸,而被移植了生茸区骨膜的位置则生长角柄和鹿茸,证明了生茸区骨膜是鹿茸发生的组织基础,确定了生茸区骨膜中存在鹿茸再生干细胞,为进一步研究鹿茸的生长发育机理提供了重要的依据和参考．     

Treatment of horses for a facial or oral fistula

A sinocutaneous or nasocutaneous fistula is usually a sequel to a comminuted fracture of one or more facial bones, whereas an oronasal or oromaxillary sinus fistula occurs most commonly after a maxillary alveolus fails to fill with healthy granulation tissue after its tooth has been lost. Horses with a sinocutaneous or nasocutaneous fistula can be treated by covering the fistula with transposed muscle, which in turn is covered by adjacent skin or a free skin graft, or by covering the fistula with periosteum transposed from adjacent bone, itself covered by adjacent skin or left uncovered to heal by second intention. Horses with an oronasal or oromaxillary sinus fistula can usually be treated successfully by temporarily occluding the oral aspect of the fistula, to prevent feed from entering the fistula, until the apical end of the alveolus fills with healthy tissue. Other methods of treatment include covering the oral aspect of the fistula with a mucoperiosteal flap or filling the fistula with a transposed facial muscle.     

THE NATURE AND RADIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF PERIOSTEAL RESPONSE IN THE BOVINE

Seventy-five bovine radiographic examinations with definite periosteal response were analyzed for quality and pattern of new bone formation. Three patterns were recognized — amorphous, lamellar, and spiculated; they appeared singly or in various combinations. The lamellar and amorphous types seemed to be generally bone-related: with lamellar predominantly in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones and amorphous in the phalanges. The spiculated pattern in the bovine does not seem to be related to neoplastic processes. Bovine periosteum responded rapidly and with high magnitude.     

梅花鹿角柄骨膜蛋白质组学初步研究

为了利用蛋白质组学技术探索鹿茸研究模型中的特异性蛋白,本试验探索了一套完整的梅花鹿角柄骨膜蛋白提取及纯化方法。角柄是雄鹿头上着生的永久性骨桩,鹿茸每年由该骨桩上脱落和再生。本试验采集了梅花鹿角柄骨膜,利用冷冻液氮研磨法提取蛋白样品。蛋白样品分别经过丙酮沉淀和TCA-丙酮沉淀处理。结果显示,TCA-丙酮沉淀处理后电泳图谱斑点清晰,分辨率较高,是双向电泳蛋白提取样品的较优处理方法。     

梅花鹿生茸骨膜干细胞可溶性总蛋白抗体的制备及滴度测定

为了获取梅花鹿生茸骨膜干细胞可溶性总蛋白抗体。本试验培养了梅花鹿生茸骨膜干细胞,从该细胞中提取可溶性总蛋白。以其可溶性总蛋白为抗原,通过淋巴结和皮下注射两种方式免疫试验动物,注射的抗原量分别为70μg/只和280μg/只。分别于末次免疫后第10天和第20天采血,分离血清,通过ELISA试验检测血清中抗体滴度。结果表明,280μg皮下免疫和70μg淋巴结免疫均获得了较好的免疫效果,末次免疫后第10天的抗体滴度较高。     

通过组织移植揭示鹿生茸区骨膜与鹿茸形态关系的研究

鹿生茸区骨膜是角柄和初角茸生长的组织基础,然而,控制鹿茸生长形状的信息存在于何处目前尚不清楚,本研究利用鹿生茸区骨膜移植试验来揭示这一问题。结果表明,在角柄发生前将鹿生茸区骨膜移植到鹿的前额皮下后,第1年诱发生长了角柄或单枝鹿茸,第2年再生了具有眉枝的典型二杠茸。这一结果表明,控制鹿茸形状的信息存在于鹿生茸区骨膜中,而不是所谓的鹿中枢系统的“鹿茸生长中心”中。