利用SSR技术鉴定西瓜甜瓜种子纯度

利用SSR分子标记技术对西瓜‘W1806’与甜瓜‘M1805’各3个批次及其亲本间的多态性进行引物筛选和种子的纯度鉴定。结果表明,在28对西瓜的SSR引物中,有5对引物在西瓜‘W1806’的F1代与亲本之间有很好的多态性。其中BVWS00839引物特异性好,条带清晰,父母本条带间隔明显,即作为3个批次的西瓜纯度鉴定的引物,其鉴定纯度分别为99.47%、98.96%和97.92%;在18对甜瓜的SSR引物中,只有1对CMBR052引物在F1代扩出的条带为典型的双亲互补型条带,故用该引物对甜瓜进行纯度鉴定,其纯度分别为97.90%、96.80%和97.40%。与田间鉴定结果的吻合率都在98%以上。这2个材料的吻合率说明SSR分子标记技术对西瓜和甜瓜纯度鉴定结果都是可靠的。     

生物菌肥在西瓜上的施用效果

以西瓜品种豫艺甜宝为试材,研究了生物菌肥在西瓜上的施用效果。试验结果表明,生物菌肥施用可以提前西瓜的物候期、提高叶片的光合速率和促进植株生长,每1 hm2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg和三元复合肥750 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg 2个菌肥处理分别比常规施肥增产19.48%、36.53%。与常规施肥相比,生物菌肥还可有效增加西瓜含糖量,提升品质。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,每1 hm^2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg的施肥处理为最优施肥方案。     

Chemical management of Fusarium wilt of watermelon

Watermelon yield loss due to Fusarium wilt is increasing in the U.S., due in part to the emergence of the virulent race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and to the shift in production to triploid cultivars, which generally have less host resistance than previously grown diploid cultivars. One potential management strategy is the use of soil-applied fungicides to reduce Fusarium wilt. The U.S. national program, interregional project 4 (IR-4) supported multistate trials of soil-applied chemicals to manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Greenhouse trials were conducted in Maryland, Indiana and Georgia to test the efficacy of 14 chemicals on Fusarium wilt. Based on the performance of these chemicals in the greenhouse, six in Maryland and Delaware and eight in Indiana were selected for subsequent field evaluations. These chemicals were applied once, as a drench at planting, in field trials in Maryland, Indiana, and Delaware in 2008. The fungicides prothioconazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest reduction in Fusarium wilt, and caused no phytotoxicity. In Maryland and Indiana in 2009, these chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation line alone and in combination, at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after planting. The experiment was repeated in 2010 in Maryland. Prothioconazole alone and in combination with acibenzolar-S-methyl or/and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest decrease in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Maryland in 2009. The same trend was observed in 2010 in Maryland where three of the prothioconazole treatments ranked the lowest of all treatments and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl had significantly lower Fusarium wilt AUDPC compared to the non-treated control. All chemical applications except for acibenzolar-S-methyl in combination with prothioconazole reduced Fusarium wilt AUDPC in Indiana in 2009. Prothioconazole alone and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl ranked lowest in Fusarium wilt AUDPC, although not significantly lower than most other treatments. These studies are the first to demonstrate that the soil-applied fungicides prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl may provide an additional field management option for Fusarium wilt of watermelon.     

张家口宣化地区双膜覆盖西瓜栽培技术

以张家口宣化地区万亩的西瓜种植基地为研究对象,分析了当地一百多年以来西瓜种植技术演化改进后的种植方式,包括西瓜自根苗连作的栽培方式及双膜覆盖西瓜套种茄子的经济效益,肯定了这种西瓜栽培方式在当地继续发展和推广的价值。     

菏泽市西瓜产业发展现状与对策

西瓜在我国拥有几千年的种植历史,它的种植从古时的品种单一到如今的品种多样,经历了几千年的发展,形成了如今的规模化、产业化生产。优越的地理位置、便利的交通、丰富的水源使西瓜生产成为菏泽地区的支柱产业。但近几年西瓜连作危害严重、栽培品种单一、高效栽培技术推广较慢等问题愈加突显。主要原因是农户对西瓜生产思想认识过于陈旧,缺少创新动力。为促进菏泽市西瓜产业的良好发展,本文针对菏泽市西瓜产业存在的主要问题,提出培育引进新品种,创建新品牌、提升西瓜生产的科技水平、加强农技服务体系建设、政府加强市场调控与开发等措施。     

吴忠市利通区西瓜果斑病的发生及防控措施

详细介绍了利通区西瓜果斑病的发生、危害症状及发生前后宜采取的各种防控措施及预防措施。     

6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病的防效试验

采用6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病进行田间药效试验。3次药后试验结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油效果最好,防效在73%以上;10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和25%溴菌腈可湿性粉剂防效次之,防效在67%以上;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效较差,防效为50%左右。药剂处理后,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和对照,中心可溶性固形物含量分别为11.8%、12.0%、9.8%;两种药剂比对照分别增产30.96%、28.26%,增产效果显著。因此,推荐50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油为目前防治西瓜炭疽病的理想药剂。     

不同有机肥处理对西瓜产量的影响

为探讨有机西瓜生产中适宜的有机肥种类及其施用量,采用基于根层实时调控的Nmin(miner-alized N,包括铵态氮和硝态氮)管理技术,研究了西瓜关键生育期进行有机肥的追肥处理对西瓜产量的影响。结果表明:各有机肥处理使西瓜产量明显提高,其中,传统有机肥处理产量最高(60.7 kg·hm-2),有机肥组合、有机肥组合+根层调控处理产量次之,分别为44.9 kg·hm-2和43.7 kg·hm-2。传统有机肥处理(CT)中土壤Nmin处于较高水平,在伸蔓期达到高峰(160 kg·hm-2)而后降低到100 kg·hm-2以下。推荐施用的有机肥种类为腐熟合格的鸡粪有机肥,施肥量可适当增加。     

西瓜同工酶及可溶性蛋白分析

对京欣一号西瓜的亲本及杂种一代的几种同工酶系统及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在种子萌发过程中，过氧化物酶、酯酶和可溶性蛋白随发育阶段或营养状况的改变而改变；而在相同萌发时期，过氧物酶工酶、酯酶同工酶、过氧化氢酶同工酶和淀粉酶同工酶在亲本及杂种间未见差异，杂种的可溶性蛋白图谱表现与母本相同，而与父本有差异。此外，对６个品种的西瓜、非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的分析结果表明，非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的过氧化物酶酶谱、酯酶     

辣椒秸秆复合基质对西瓜育苗质量的影响

为降低西瓜基质育苗生产成本,采用不同比例的辣椒秸秆与蛭石、珍珠岩进行复配,探讨其对西瓜幼苗形态建成及生理特性的影响,以明确最佳的草炭替代材料。试验设置L1(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=1∶1∶1)、L2(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)、L3(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=4∶1∶1)3个处理和对照CK(V草炭∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)。结果表明,L2处理的西瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、根尖数、壮苗指数和根冠比最大,根系活力最高;L1处理的西瓜幼苗出苗率最高,但与L2差异不显著;L3处理的西瓜幼苗根长最大,但与L2差异不显著。L2处理的西瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率最高,较对照分别增加10.98%、11.51%、11.13%、7.71%和21.38%。因此,由辣椒秸秆、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比按2:1:1复合而成的育苗基质可以替代常规草炭育苗基质(V草炭∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)进行西瓜育苗。